1ZuG1722 selbigerG846 ZeitG2540 waren aberG1161 einigeG5100 gegenwärtigG3918, die ihmG846 vonG4012 den GaliläernG1057 berichtetenG518, derenG3739 BlutG129 PilatusG4091 mitG3326 ihrenG846 SchlachtopfernG2378 vermischt hatteG3396. 2UndG2532 erG2424 antworteteG611 und sprachG2036 zu ihnenG846: Meinet ihrG1380, daßG3754 dieseG3778 GaliläerG1057 vorG3844 allenG3956 GaliläernG1057 SünderG268 warenG1096, weilG3754 sie solchesG5108 erlitten habenG3958 ? 3NeinG3780, sage ichG3004 euchG5213, sondernG235 wenn ihr nichtG3362 Buße tutG3340, werdet ihrG622 alleG3956 ebensoG5615 umkommenG622. 4OderG2228 jeneG1565 achtzehnG1176 G2532 G3638, aufG1909 welcheG3739 der TurmG4444 inG1722 SiloamG4611 fielG4098 undG2532 sieG846 töteteG615: meinet ihrG1380, daßG3754 sieG3778 vorG3844 allenG3956 MenschenG444, die inG1722 JerusalemG2419 wohnenG2730, SchuldnerG3781 warenG1096 ? 5NeinG3780, sage ichG3004 euchG5213, sondernG235 wenn ihr nichtG3362 Buße tutG3340, werdet ihrG622 alleG3956 gleicherweiseG3668 umkommenG622. 6Er sagteG3004 aberG1161 diesesG5026 GleichnisG3850: Es hatteG2192 jemandG5100 einen FeigenbaumG4808, der inG1722 seinemG846 WeinbergeG290 gepflanzt warG5452; undG2532 er kamG2064 und suchteG2212 FruchtG2590 anG1722 ihmG846 undG2532 fandG2147 keineG3756. 7Er sprachG2036 aberG1161 zuG4314 dem WeingärtnerG289: SieheG2400, dreiG5140 JahreG2094 komme ichG2064 und sucheG2212 FruchtG2590 anG1722 diesemG5026 FeigenbaumeG4808 undG2532 findeG2147 keineG3756; haueG1581 ihnG846 abG1581, wozuG2444 machtG2673 erG846 auchG2532 das LandG1093 unnützG2673 ? 8Er aberG1161 antwortetG611 und sagtG3004 zu ihmG846: HerrG2962, laßG863 ihnG846 nochG2532 diesesG5124 JahrG2094, bisG2193 daßG3755 ich umG4012 ihnG846 grabenG4626 undG2532 DüngerG2874 legen werdeG906; 9undG2532 wennG2579 er etwaG3303 FruchtG2590 bringen wirdG4160, gut, wenn aber nichtG1490, so magst du ihnG846 künftigG1519 G3195 abhauenG1581. 10Er lehrteG2258 G1321 aberG1161 amG1722 SabbathG4521 inG1722 einerG3391 der SynagogenG4864. 11UndG2532 sieheG2400, [da war]G2258 ein WeibG1135, die achtzehnG1176 G2532 G3638 JahreG2094 einen GeistG4151 der SchwachheitG769 hatteG2192; undG2532 sie warG2258 zusammengekrümmtG4794 undG2532 gänzlichG1519 G3361 G3838 unfähigG1410, sich aufzurichtenG352. 12Als aberG1161 JesusG2424 sieG846 sahG1492, rief erG4377 ihr zu undG2532 sprachG2036 zu ihrG846: WeibG1135, du bist gelöstG630 von deinerG4675 SchwachheitG769! 13UndG2532 er legteG2007 ihrG846 die HändeG5495 aufG2007, undG2532 alsbaldG3916 wurde sie geradeG461 undG2532 verherrlichteG1392 GottG2316. 14Der SynagogenvorsteherG752 aberG1161, unwilligG23, daßG3754 JesusG2424 am SabbathG4521 heilteG2323, hob anG611 und sprachG3004 zu der VolksmengeG3793: SechsG1803 TageG2250 sind esG1526, anG1722 denenG3739 man arbeitenG2038 sollG1163; anG1722 diesenG5025 nunG3767 kommtG2064 und laßt euch heilenG2323, undG2532 nichtG3361 am TageG2250 des SabbathsG4521. 15Der HerrG2962 nunG3767 antworteteG611 ihmG846 undG2532 sprachG2036: HeuchlerG5273! löstG3089 nichtG3756 ein jederG1538 von euchG5216 am SabbathG4521 seinenG846 OchsenG1016 oderG2228 EselG3688 vonG575 der KrippeG5336 undG2532 führtG520 ihn hinG520 undG2532 tränktG4222 ihn? 16DieseG5026 aberG1161, die eine TochterG2364 AbrahamsG11 istG5607, welcheG3739 der SatanG4567 gebunden hatG1210, sieheG2400, achtzehnG1176 G2532 G3638 JahreG2094, sollte sieG1163 nichtG3756 vonG575 dieserG5127 FesselG1199 gelöst werdenG3089 am TageG2250 des SabbathsG4521 ? 17UndG2532 als er diesG5023 sagteG3004, wurden alleG3956 seineG846 WidersacherG480 beschämtG2617; undG2532 die ganzeG3956 VolksmengeG3793 freute sichG5463 überG1909 allG3956 die herrlichen DingeG1741, welche durchG5259 ihnG846 geschahenG1096. 18Er sprachG2036 aberG1161: WemG5101 istG2076 das ReichG932 GottesG2316 gleichG3664, undG2532 wemG5101 soll ich esG846 vergleichenG3666 ? 19Es istG2076 gleichG3664 einem SenfkornG2848 G4615, welchesG3739 ein MenschG444 nahmG2983 undG2532 inG1519 seinenG1438 GartenG2779 warfG906; undG2532 es wuchsG837 undG2532 wurdeG1096 zuG1519 einem großenG3173 BaumeG1186, undG2532 die VögelG4071 des HimmelsG3772 ließen sich niederG2681 inG1722 seinenG846 ZweigenG2798. 20UndG2532 wiederumG3825 sprachG2036 er: WemG5101 soll ich das ReichG932 GottesG2316 vergleichenG3666 ? 21Es istG2076 gleichG3664 einem SauerteigG2219, welchenG3739 ein WeibG1135 nahmG2983 undG2532 unterG1519 dreiG5140 MaßG4568 MehlG224 verbargG1470, bisG2193 es ganzG3650 durchsäuert warG2220. 22UndG2532 er durchzogG1279 G2596 nacheinander StädteG4172 undG2532 DörferG2968, indem er lehrteG1321 undG2532 nachG1519 JerusalemG2419 reisteG4160 G4197. 23Es sprachG2036 aberG1161 jemandG5100 zuG4314 ihmG846: HerrG2962, sind derer wenigeG1487 G3641, die errettet werdenG4982 ? Er aberG1161 sprachG2036 zu ihnenG846: 24Ringet danachG75, durchG1223 die engeG4728 PforteG4439 einzugehenG1525; dennG3754 vieleG4183, sage ichG3004 euchG5213, werden einzugehenG1525 suchenG2212 undG2532 werdenG2480 es nichtG3756 vermögenG2480. 25VonG575 da anG3739 G302, wenn der HausherrG3617 aufgestanden istG1453 undG2532 die TürG2374 verschlossen hatG608, undG2532 ihr anfangen werdetG756, draußenG1854 zu stehenG2476 undG2532 an die TürG2374 zu klopfenG2925 und zu sagenG3004: HerrG2962, tueG455 unsG2254 aufG455! undG2532 er antwortenG611 und zu euchG5213 sagen wirdG2046: Ich kenneG1492 euchG5209 nichtG3756, woG4159 ihr her seidG2075; 26alsdannG5119 werdet ihr anfangenG756 zu sagenG3004: Wir haben vorG1799 dirG4675 gegessenG5315 undG2532 getrunkenG4095, undG2532 aufG1722 unserenG2257 StraßenG4113 hast du gelehrtG1321. 27UndG2532 er wird sagenG2046: Ich sageG3004 euchG5213, ich kenneG1492 euchG5209 nichtG3756, woG4159 ihr her seidG2075; weichetG868 vonG575 mirG1700, alleG3956 ihr ÜbeltäterG2040 G93! 28DaG1563 wird seinG2071 das WeinenG2805 undG2532 das ZähneknirschenG1030 G3599, wennG3752 ihr sehen werdetG3700 AbrahamG11 undG2532 IsaakG2464 undG2532 JakobG2384 undG2532 alleG3956 ProphetenG4396 imG1722 ReicheG932 GottesG2316, euchG5209 aberG1161 draußenG1854, hinausgeworfenG1544. 29UndG2532 sie werden kommenG2240 vonG575 OstenG395 undG2532 WestenG1424 undG2532 vonG575 NordenG1005 undG2532 SüdenG3558 undG2532 zu Tische liegenG347 imG1722 ReicheG932 GottesG2316. 30UndG2532 sieheG2400, es sindG1526 LetzteG2078, welcheG3739 ErsteG4413 sein werdenG2071, undG2532 es sindG1526 ErsteG4413, welcheG3739 LetzteG2078 sein werdenG2071. 31InG1722 derselbenG846 StundeG2250 kamenG4334 einigeG5100 PharisäerG5330 herzu und sagtenG3004 zu ihmG846: Gehe hinausG1831 undG2532 zieheG4198 von hinnenG1782, dennG3754 HerodesG2264 willG2309 dichG4571 tötenG615. 32UndG2532 er sprachG2036 zu ihnenG846: Gehet hinG4198 undG2532 sagetG2036 diesemG5026 FuchsG258: SieheG2400, ich treibeG1544 DämonenG1140 ausG1544 undG2532 vollbringeG2005 HeilungenG2392 heuteG4594 undG2532 morgenG839, undG2532 am drittenG5154 Tage werde ich vollendetG5048. 33DochG4133 ichG3165 mußG1163 heuteG4594 undG2532 morgenG839 undG2532 am folgendenG2192 Tage wandelnG4198; dennG3754 es gehtG1735 nichtG3756 anG1735, daß ein ProphetG4396 außerhalbG1854 JerusalemsG2419 umkommeG622. 34JerusalemG2419, JerusalemG2419, dieG3588 da tötetG615 die ProphetenG4396 undG2532 steinigtG3036 die zuG4314 ihrG846 gesandt sindG649! Wie oftG4212 habe ich deineG4675 KinderG5043 versammelnG1996 wollenG2309, wieG5158 eine HenneG3733 ihreG1438 BrutG3555 unterG5259 die FlügelG4420, undG2532 ihr habt nichtG3756 gewolltG2309! 35SieheG2400, euerG5216 HausG3624 wird euchG5213 überlassenG863 G2048. Ich sageG3004 euchG5213 aberG1161 G281 G3754: Ihr werdetG1492 michG3165 nichtG3364 sehenG1492, bisG2193 G302 es kommtG2240, daßG3753 ihr sprechetG2036: "GepriesenG2127 sei, der da kommtG2064 imG1722 NamenG3686 des HerrnG2962!"
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 THE LESSON, "REPENT OR PERISH," SUGGESTED BY TWO RECENT INCIDENTS, AND ILLUSTRATED BY THE PARABLE OF THE BARREN FIG TREE. (
Luke 13:1-
Luke 13:9)
Galileans--possibly the followers of Judas of Galilee, who, some twenty years before this, taught that Jews should not pay tribute to the Romans, and of whom we learn, from
Acts 5:37, that he drew after him a multitude of followers, who on his being slain were all dispersed. About this time that party would be at its height, and if Pilate caused this detachment of them to be waylaid and put to death as they were offering their sacrifices at one of the festivals, that would be "mingling their blood with their sacrifices" [GROTIUS, WEBSTER and WILKINSON, but doubted by DE WETTE, MEYER, ALFORD, &c.]. News of this being brought to our Lord, to draw out His views of such, and whether it was not a judgment of Heaven, He simply points them to the practical view of the matter: "These men are not signal examples of divine vengeance, as ye suppose; but every impenitent sinner--ye yourselves, except ye repent--shall be like monuments of the judgment of Heaven, and in a more awful sense." The reference here to the impending destruction of Jerusalem is far from exhausting our Lord's weighty words; they manifestly point to a "perdition" of a more awful kind--future, personal, remediless.
4 tower in Siloam--probably one of the towers of the city wall, near the pool of Siloam. Of its fall nothing is known.
6 fig tree--Israel, as the visible witness of God in the world, but generally all within the pale of the visible Church of God; a familiar figure (compare
Isa 5:1-
Isa 5:7;
John 15:1-
John 15:8, &c.).
vineyard--a spot selected for its fertility, separated from the surrounding fields, and cultivated with special care, with a view solely to fruit.
came and sought fruit--a heart turned to God; the fruits of righteousness; compare
Matt 21:33-
Matt 21:34, and
Isa 5:2, "He looked that it should bring forth fruit"; He has a right to it, and will require it.
7 three years--a long enough trial for a fig tree, and so denoting probably just a sufficient period of culture for spiritual fruit. The supposed allusion to the duration of our Lord's ministry is precarious.
cut it down--indignant language.
cumbereth--not only doing no good, but wasting ground.
8 he answering, &c.--Christ, as Intercessor, loath to see it cut down so long as there was any hope (see
Luke 13:34).
dig, &c.--loosen the earth about it and enrich it with manure; pointing to changes of method in the divine treatment of the impenitent, in order to freshen spiritual culture.
9 if . . . fruit, well--Genuine repentance, however late, avails to save (
Luke 23:42-
Luke 23:43).
after that, &c.--The final perdition of such as, after the utmost limits of reasonable forbearance, are found fruitless, will be pre-eminently and confessedly just (
Pro 1:24-
Pro 1:31;
Ezek 24:13).
11 WOMAN OF EIGHTEEN YEAR'S INFIRMITY HEALED ON THE SABBATH. (
Luke 13:10-
Luke 13:17)
spirit of infirmity--Compare
Luke 13:17, "whom Satan hath bound." From this it is probable, though not certain, that her protracted infirmity was the effect of some milder form of possession; yet she was "a daughter of Abraham," in the same gracious sense, no doubt, as Zaccheus, after his conversion, was "a son of Abraham" (
Luke 19:9).
12 said . . . Woman . . . and laid--both at once.
14 with indignation--not so much at the sabbath violation as at the glorification of Christ. (Compare
Matt 21:15) [TRENCH].
said to the people--"Not daring directly to find fault with the Lord, he seeks circuitously to reach Him through the people, who were more under his influence, and whom he feared less" [TRENCH].
15 the Lord--(See on
Luke 10:1).
hypocrite!--How "the faithful and true Witness" tears off the masks which men wear!
his ox, &c.--(See on
Matt 12:9-
Matt 12:13; and
Luke 6:9).
16 ought not, &c.--How gloriously the Lord vindicates the superior claims of this woman, in consideration of the sadness and long duration of her suffering, and of her dignity notwithstanding, as an heir of the promise!
18 MISCELLANEOUS TEACHINGS. (
Luke 13:18-
Luke 13:30)
mustard seed . . . leaven--(See on
Mark 4:30-
Mark 4:32). The parable of "the Leaven" sets forth, perhaps, rather the inward growth of the kingdom, while "the Mustard Seed" seems to point chiefly to the outward. It being a woman's work to knead, it seems a refinement to say that "the woman" here represents the Church, as the instrument of depositing the leaven. Nor does it yield much satisfaction to understand the "three measures of meal" of that threefold division of our nature into "spirit, soul, and body," (alluded to in
1Thess 5:23) or of the threefold partition of the world among the three sons of Noah (
Gen 10:32), as some do. It yields more real satisfaction to see in this brief parable just the all-penetrating and assimilating quality of the Gospel, by virtue of which it will yet mould all institutions and tribes of men, and exhibit over the whole earth one "Kingdom of our Lord and of His Christ." (See on
Rev 11:15).
23 Lord, &c.--one of those curious questions by talking of which some flatter themselves they are religious.
said unto them--the multitude; taking no notice of the man or his question, save as furnishing the occasion of a solemn warning not to trifle with so momentous a matter as "salvation."
24 Strive--The word signifies to "contend" as for the mastery, to "struggle," expressive of the difficulty of being saved, as if one would have to force his way in.
strait gate--another figure of the same. (See on
Matt 7:13-
Matt 7:14).
for many . . . will seek--"desire," that is, with a mere wish or slothful endeavor.
and shall not be able--because it must be made a life-and-death struggle.
25 master of the house is risen up and hath shut to the door--awfully sublime and vivid picture! At present he is represented as in a sitting posture, as if calmly looking on to see who will "strive," while entrance is practicable, and who will merely "seek" to enter in. But this is to have an end, by the great Master of the house Himself rising and shutting the door, after which there will be no admittance.
Lord, Lord--emphatic reduplication, expressive of the earnestness now felt, but too late. (See on
Matt 7:21-
Matt 7:22).
26 See on the similar passage (
Matt 7:22-
Matt 7:23).
eaten and drunk, &c.--We have sat with Thee at the same table. (See on
Matt 7:22).
taught in our streets--Do we not remember listening in our own streets to Thy teaching? Surely we are not to be denied admittance?
27 But he shall say, &c.--(See on
Matt 7:23). No nearness of external communion with Christ will avail at the great day, in place of that holiness without which no man shall see the Lord. Observe the style which Christ intimates that He will then assume, that of absolute Disposer of men's eternal destinies, and contrast it with His "despised and rejected" condition at that time.
28 (See
Matt 8:11-
Matt 8:12). Also see on
Matt 13:42.
31 MESSAGE TO HEROD. (
Luke 13:31-
Luke 13:35)
and depart hence--and "go forward," push on. He was on His way out of Perea, east of Jordan, and in Herod's dominions, "journeying towards Jerusalem" (
Luke 13:22). Haunted by guilty fears, probably, Herod wanted to get rid of Him (see on
Mark 6:14), and seems, from our Lord's answer, to have sent these Pharisees, under pretense of a friendly hint, to persuade Him that the sooner He got beyond Herod's jurisdiction the better it would be for His own safety. Our Lord saw through both of them, and sends the cunning ruler a message couched in dignified and befitting irony.
32 that fox--that crafty, cruel enemy of God's innocent servants.
Behold, I cast out devils and I do cures--that is, "Plot on and ply thy wiles; I also have My plans; My works of mercy are nearing completion, but some yet remain; I have work for to-day and to-morrow too, and the third day; by that time I shall be where his jurisdiction reaches not; the guilt of My blood shall not lie at his door; that dark deed is reserved for others." He does not say, I preach the Gospel--that would have made little impression upon Herod--in the light of the merciful character of Christ's actions the malice of Herod's snares is laid bare [BENGEL].
to-day, to-morrow, the third day--remarkable language expressive of successive steps of His work yet remaining, the calm deliberateness with which He meant to go through with them, one after another, to the last, unmoved by Herod's threat, yet the rapid march with which they were now hastening to completion. (Compare
Luke 22:37).
I shall be perfected--I finish my course, I attain completion.
33 it cannot be that a prophet, &c.--"It would never do that," &c.--awful severity of satire this upon "the bloody city!" "He seeks to kill me, does he? Ah! I must be out of Herod's jurisdiction for that. Go tell him I neither fly from him nor fear him, but Jerusalem is the prophets' slaughter-house."
34 O Jerusalem, &c.--(See on
Matt 23:37;
Matt 23:39).