1AndG2532 I lookedG1492, andG2532, loG2400, a LambG721 stoodG2476 onG1909 the mountG3735 ZionG4622, andG2532 withG3326 himG846 an hundredG1540 and fortyG5062 and fourG5064 thousandG5505, havingG2192 hisG846 Father’sG3962 nameG3686 writtenG1125 inG1909 theirG846 foreheadsG3359. 2AndG2532 I heardG191 a voiceG5456 fromG1537 heavenG3772, asG5613 the voiceG5456 of manyG4183 watersG5204, andG2532 asG5613 the voiceG5456 of a greatG3173 thunderG1027: andG2532 I heardG191 the voiceG5456 of harpersG2790 harpingG2789 withG1722 theirG846 harpsG2788: 3AndG2532 they sungG103 as it wereG5613 a newG2537 songG5603 beforeG1799 the throneG2362, andG2532 beforeG1799 the fourG5064 beastsG2226, andG2532 the eldersG4245: andG2532 no manG3762 couldG1410 learnG3129 that songG5603 butG1508 the hundredG1540 and fortyG5062 and fourG5064 thousandG5505, whoG3588 were redeemedG59 fromG575 the earthG1093. 4TheseG3778 are theyG1526 whoG3739 wereG3435 notG3756 defiledG3435 withG3326 womenG1135; forG1063 they areG1526 virginsG3933. TheseG3778 are theyG1526 whoG3588 followG190 the LambG721 whereverG3699 G302 he goethG5217. TheseG3778 were redeemedG59 fromG575 among menG444, being the firstfruitsG536 to GodG2316 andG2532 to the LambG721. 5AndG2532 inG1722 theirG846 mouthG4750 was foundG2147 noG3756 guileG1388: forG1063 they areG1526 without faultG299 beforeG1799 the throneG2362 of GodG2316. 6AndG2532 I sawG1492 anotherG243 angelG32 flyG4072 inG1722 the midst of heavenG3321, havingG2192 the everlastingG166 gospelG2098 to preachG2097 to them that dwellG2730 onG1909 the earthG1093, andG2532 to everyG3956 nationG1484, andG2532 kindredG5443, andG2532 tongueG1100, andG2532 peopleG2992, 7SayingG3004 withG1722 a loudG3173 voiceG5456, FearG5399 GodG2316, andG2532 giveG1325 gloryG1391 to himG846; forG3754 the hourG5610 of hisG846 judgmentG2920 is comeG2064: andG2532 worshipG4352 him that madeG4160 heavenG3772, andG2532 earthG1093, andG2532 the seaG2281, andG2532 the fountainsG4077 of watersG5204. 8AndG2532 there followedG190 anotherG243 angelG32, sayingG3004, BabylonG897 is fallenG4098, is fallenG4098, that greatG3173 cityG4172, becauseG3754 she madeG4222 allG3956 nationsG1484 drinkG4222 ofG1537 the wineG3631 of the wrathG2372 of herG846 immoralityG4202. 9AndG2532 the thirdG5154 angelG32 followedG190 themG846, sayingG3004 withG1722 a loudG3173 voiceG5456, If any manG1536 worshippethG4352 the beastG2342 andG2532 hisG846 imageG1504, andG2532 receivethG2983 his markG5480 inG1909 hisG846 foreheadG3359, orG2228 inG1909 hisG846 handG5495, 10The sameG846 G2532 shall drinkG4095 ofG1537 the wineG3631 of the wrathG2372 of GodG2316, whichG3588 is poured outG2767 without mixtureG194 intoG1722 the cupG4221 of hisG846 indignationG3709; andG2532 he shall be tormentedG928 withG1722 fireG4442 andG2532 brimstoneG2303 in the presenceG1799 of the holyG40 angelsG32, andG2532 in the presenceG1799 of the LambG721: 11AndG2532 the smokeG2586 of theirG846 tormentG929 ascendeth upG305 forG1519 everG165 and everG165: andG2532 they haveG2192 noG3756 restG372 dayG2250 norG2532 nightG3571, whoG3588 worshipG4352 the beastG2342 andG2532 hisG846 imageG1504, andG2532 whoeverG1536 receivethG2983 the markG5480 of hisG846 nameG3686. 12HereG5602 isG2076 the patienceG5281 of the saintsG40: hereG5602 are they that keepG5083 the commandmentsG1785 of GodG2316, andG2532 the faithG4102 of JesusG2424. 13AndG2532 I heardG191 a voiceG5456 fromG1537 heavenG3772 sayingG3004 to meG3427, WriteG1125, BlessedG3107 are the deadG3498 whoG3588 dieG599 inG1722 the LordG2962 from henceforthG534: YeaG3483, saithG3004 the SpiritG4151, thatG2443 they may restG373 fromG1537 theirG846 laboursG2873; andG1161 theirG846 worksG2041 followG190 G3326 themG846. 14AndG2532 I lookedG1492, andG2532 beholdG2400 a whiteG3022 cloudG3507, andG2532 uponG1909 the cloudG3507 one satG2521 likeG3664 the SonG5207 of manG444, havingG2192 onG1909 hisG846 headG2776 a goldenG5552 crownG4735, andG2532 inG1722 hisG846 handG5495 a sharpG3691 sickleG1407. 15AndG2532 anotherG243 angelG32 cameG1831 out ofG1537 the templeG3485, cryingG2896 withG1722 a loudG3173 voiceG5456 to him that satG2521 onG1909 the cloudG3507, Thrust inG3992 thyG4675 sickleG1407, andG2532 reapG2325: forG3754 the timeG5610 is comeG2064 for theeG4671 to reapG2325; forG3754 the harvestG2326 of the earthG1093 is ripeG3583. 16AndG2532 he that satG2521 onG1909 the cloudG3507 thrust inG906 hisG846 sickleG1407 onG1909 the earthG1093; andG2532 the earthG1093 was reapedG2325. 17AndG2532 anotherG243 angelG32 cameG1831 out ofG1537 the templeG3485 whichG3588 is inG1722 heavenG3772, heG846 alsoG2532 havingG2192 a sharpG3691 sickleG1407. 18AndG2532 anotherG243 angelG32 cameG1831 outG1537 from the altarG2379, who hadG2192 powerG1849 overG1909 fireG4442; andG2532 criedG5455 with a loudG3173 cryG2906 to him that hadG2192 the sharpG3691 sickleG1407, sayingG3004, Thrust inG3992 thyG4675 sharpG3691 sickleG1407, andG2532 gatherG5166 the clustersG1009 of the vineG288 of the earthG1093; forG3754 herG846 grapesG4718 are fully ripeG187. 19AndG2532 the angelG32 thrust inG906 hisG846 sickleG1407 intoG1519 the earthG1093, andG2532 gatheredG5166 the vineG288 of the earthG1093, andG2532 castG906 it intoG1519 the greatG3173 winepressG3025 of the wrathG2372 of GodG2316. 20AndG2532 the winepressG3025 was troddenG3961 outsideG1854 the cityG4172, andG2532 bloodG129 cameG1831 out ofG1537 the winepressG3025, even toG891 the horses’G2462 bridlesG5469, by the space ofG575 a thousandG5507 and six hundredG1812 furlongsG4712.
Matthew Henry - Complete Commentary 1 Here we have one of the most pleasing sights that can be viewed in this world - the Lord Jesus Christ at the head of his faithful adherents and attendants. Here observe, 1. How Christ appears: as a Lamb standing upon
mount Zion. Mount Zion is the gospel church. Christ is with his church and in the midst of her in all her troubles, and therefore she is not consumed. It is his presence that secures her perseverance; he appears as
a Lamb, a true Lamb, the Lamb of God. A counterfeit lamb is mentioned as rising out of the earth in the last chapter, which was really a dragon; here Christ appears as the true paschal Lamb, to show that his mediatorial government is the fruit of his sufferings, and the cause of his people's safety and fidelity. 2. How his people appear: very honourably. (1.) As to the numbers, they are many, even all who are sealed; not one of them lost in all the tribulations through which they have gone. (2.) Their distinguishing badge: they had
the name of God written in their foreheads; they made a bold and open profession of their faith in God and Christ, and, this being followed by suitable actings, they are known and approved. (3.) Their congratulations and songs of praise, which were peculiar to the redeemed (
Revel 14:3); their praises were loud as thunder, or
as the voice of many waters; they were melodious, as
of harpers; they were heavenly,
before the throne of God.
The song was new, suited to the new covenant, and unto that new and gracious dispensation of Providence under which they now were; and their song was a secret to others,
strangers intermeddled not with their joy; others might repeat the words of the song, but they were strangers to the true sense and spirit of it. (4.) Their character and description. [1.] They are described by their chastity and purity:
They are virgins. They had not defiled themselves either with corporal or spiritual adultery; they had kept themselves clean from the abominations of the antichristian generation. [2.] By their loyalty and stedfast adherence to Christ:
They follow the Lamb withersoever he goes; they follow the conduct of his word, Spirit, and providence, leaving it to him to lead them into what duties and difficulties he pleases. [3.] By their former designation to this honour:
These were redeemed from among men, being the first-fruits to God, and to the Lamb, Revel 14:4. Here is plain evidence of a special redemption:
They were redeemed from among men. Some of the children of men are, by redeeming mercy, distinguished from others:
They were the first-fruits to God, and to the Lamb, his choice ones, eminent in every grace, and the earnest of many more who should
be followers of them, as they were of Christ. [4.] By their universal integrity and conscientiousness:
There was no guile found in them, and
they were without fault before the throne of God. They were without any prevailing guile, any allowed fault; their hearts were right with God, and, as for their human infirmities, they were freely pardoned in Christ. This is the happy remnant who attend upon the Lord Jesus as their head and Lord; he is glorified in them, and they are glorified in him.
6 In this part of the chapter we have three angels or messengers sent from heaven to give notice of the fall of Babylon, and of those things that were antecedent and consequent to that great event.
I. The first angel was sent on an errand antecedent to it, and that was
to preach the everlasting gospel, Revel 14:6,
Revel 14:7. Observe, 1. The gospel is an everlasting gospel; it is so in its nature, and it will be so in its consequences. Though all flesh be grass, the word of the Lord endureth for ever. 2. It is a work fit for an angel to preach this everlasting gospel; such is the dignity, and such is the difficulty of that work! And yet we have this treasure in earthen vessels. 3. The everlasting gospel is of great concern to all the world; and, as it is the concern of all, it is very much to be desired that it should be made known to all, even
to every nation, and kindred, and tongue, and people. 4. The gospel is the great means whereby men are brought to fear God, and to give glory to him. Natural religion is not sufficient to keep up the fear of God, nor to secure to him glory from men; it is the gospel that revives the fear of God, and retrieves his glory in the world. 5. When idolatry creeps into the churches of God, it is by the preaching of the gospel, attended by the power of the Holy Spirit, that men are
turned from idols to serve the living God, as the Creator of
the heaven, and the earth, and the sea, and the fountains of waters, Revel 14:7. To worship any God besides him who created the world is idolatry.
II. The second angel follows the other, and proclaims the actual fall of Babylon. The preaching of the everlasting gospel had shaken the foundations of antichristianism in the world, and hastened its downfall. By Babylon is generally understood Rome, which was before called
Sodom and
Egypt, for wickedness and cruelty, and is now first called
Babylon, for pride and idolatry. Observe, 1. What God has fore-ordained and foretold shall be done as certainly as if it were done already. 2. The greatness of the papal Babylon will not be able to prevent her fall, but will make it more dreadful and remarkable. 3. The wickedness of Babylon, in corrupting, debauching, and intoxicating the nations round about her, will make her fall just and will declare the righteousness of God in her utter ruin,
Revel 14:8. Her crimes are recited as the just cause of her destruction.
III. A third angel follows the other two, and gives warning to all of that divine vengeance which would overtake all those that obstinately adhered to the antichristian interest after God had thus proclaimed its downfall,
Revel 14:9,
Revel 14:10. If after this (this threatening denounced against Babylon, and in part already executed) any should persist in their idolatry, professing subjection to the beast and promoting his cause, they must expect
to drink deep of the wind of the wrath of God; they shall be for ever miserable in soul and body; Jesus Christ will inflict this punishment upon them, and the holy angels will behold it and approve of it. Idolatry, both pagan and papal, is a damning sin in its own nature, and will prove fatal to those who persist in it, after fair warning given by the word of Providence; those who refuse to come out of Babylon, when thus called, and resolve to partake of her sins, must receive of her plagues; and the guilt and ruin of such incorrigible idolaters will serve to set forth the excellency of the patience and obedience of the saints. These graces shall be rewarded with salvation and glory. When the treachery and rebellion of others shall be punished with everlasting destruction, then it will be said, to the honour of the faithful (
Revel 14:12):
Here is the patience of the saints; you have before seen their patience exercised, now you see it rewarded.
13 Here we have the vision of the harvest and vintage, introduced with a solemn preface. Observe,
I. The preface,
Revel 14:13. Here note, 1. Whence this prophecy about the harvest came: it came down from heaven, and not from men, and therefore it is of certain truth and great authority. 2. How it was to be preserved and published - by writing; it was to be a matter of record, that the people of God might have recourse to it for their support and comfort upon all occasions. 3. What it principally intended, and that is, to show the blessedness of all the faithful saints and servants of God, both in death and after death:
Blessed are the dead that die in the Lord from henceforth, etc. Here observe, (1.) The description of those that are and shall be blessed - such as die in the Lord, either die in the cause of Christ, or rather die in a state of vital union with Christ, such as are found in Christ when death comes. (2.) The demonstration of this blessedness:
They rest from their labours, and their works do follow them. [1.] They are blessed in their rest; they rest from all sin, temptation, sorrow, and persecution.
There the wicked cease from troubling, there the weary are at rest. [2.] They are blessed in their recompence:
Their works follow them; they do not go before them as their title, or price of purchase, but follow them as their evidence of having lived and died in the Lord; and the memory of them will be pleasant, and the reward glorious, far above the merit of all their services and sufferings. [3.] They are happy in the time of their dying, when they have lived to see the cause of God reviving, the peace of the church returning, and the wrath of God falling upon their idolatrous cruel enemies. Such times are good times to die in; they have Simeon's desire:
Now, Lord, let thou thy servant depart in peace, for mine eyes have seen thy salvation. And all this is ratified and confirmed by the testimony of the Spirit witnessing with their spirits and with the written word.
II. We have the vision itself, represented by a harvest and a vintage.
1. By a harvest (
Revel 14:14,
Revel 14:15), an emblem that sometimes signifies the cutting down of the wicked, when ripe for ruin, by the judgments of God, and sometimes the gathering in of the righteous, when ripe for heaven, by the mercy of God. This seems rather to represent God's judgments against the wicked: and here observe,
(1.) The Lord of the harvest - one so
like unto the Son of man that he was the same, even the Lord Jesus, who is described, [1.] By the chariot in which he sat -
a white cloud, a cloud that had a bright side turned to the church, how dark soever it might be to the wicked. [2.] By the ensign of his power:
On his head was a golden crown, authority to do all that he did and whatsoever he would do. [3.] By the instrument of his providences:
In his hand a sharp sickle. [4.] By the solicitations he had from the temple to perform this great work. What he did, he was desired to do by his people; and, though he was resolved to do it, he would for this thing be sought unto by them, and so it should be in return to their prayers.
(2.) The harvest-work, which is, to thrust the sickle into the corn, and reap the field. The sickle is the sword of God's justice; the field is the world; reaping is cutting the inhabitants of the earth down and carrying them off.
(3.) The harvest-time; and this is when the corn is ripe, when the measure of the sin of men is filled up, and they are ripe for destruction. The most inveterate enemies of Christ and his church are not destroyed till by their sin they are ripe for ruin, and then he will spare them no longer; he will thrust in his sickle, and the earth shall be reaped.
2. By a vintage,
Revel 14:17. Some think that these two are only different emblems of the same judgment; others that they refer to distinct events of providence before the end of all things. Observe, (1.) To whom this vintage-work was committed - to an angel,
another angel that came out from the altar, that is, from the holiest of all in heaven. (2.) At whose request this vintage-work was undertaken: it was, as before, at the cry of an
angel out of the temple, the ministers and churches of God on earth. (3.) The work of the vintage, which consists of two parts: - [1.] The cutting off, and
gathering, the clusters of the vine, which were now ripe and ready,
fully ripe, Revel 14:18. [2.] Casting these grapes
into the wine-press (
Revel 14:19); here we are told,
First, What was the wine-press: it was
the wrath of God, the fire of his indignation, some terrible calamity, very probably the sword, shedding the blood of the wicked.
Secondly, Where was the place of the wine-press -
without the city, where the army lay that came against Babylon.
Thirdly, The quantity of the wine, that is, of the blood that was drawn forth by this judgment: it was, for depth, up
to the horses' bridles, and, for breadth and length,
a thousand and six hundred furlongs (
Revel 14:20); that is, say some, 200 Italian miles, which is thought to be the measure of the holy land, and may be meant of the patrimony of the holy see, encompassing the city of Rome. But here we are left of doubtful conjectures. Perhaps this great event has not yet had its accomplishment, but
the vision is for an appointed time; and therefore, though it may seem to tarry, we are to wait for it.
But who shall live when the Lord does this?