1Now these are the commandmentsH4687, the statutesH2706, and the judgmentsH4941, which the LORDH3068 your GodH430 commandedH6680 to teachH3925 you, that ye may doH6213 them in the landH776 where ye goH5674 to possessH3423 it: 2That thou mayest fearH3372 the LORDH3068 thy GodH430, to keepH8104 all his statutesH2708 and his commandmentsH4687, which I commandH6680 thee, thou, and thy sonH1121, and thy son’sH1121 sonH1121, all the daysH3117 of thy lifeH2416; and that thy daysH3117 may be prolongedH748. 3HearH8085 therefore, O IsraelH3478, and observeH8104 to doH6213 it; that it may be wellH3190 with thee, and that ye may increaseH7235 mightilyH3966, as the LORDH3068 GodH430 of thy fathersH1 hath promisedH1696 thee, in the landH776 that flowethH2100 with milkH2461 and honeyH1706. 4HearH8085, O IsraelH3478: The LORDH3068 our GodH430 is oneH259 LORDH3068: 5And thou shalt loveH157 the LORDH3068 thy GodH430 with all thy heartH3824, and with all thy soulH5315, and with all thy mightH3966. 6And these wordsH1697, which I commandH6680 thee this dayH3117, shall be in thy heartH3824: 7And thou shalt teach them diligentlyH8150 to thy childrenH1121, and shalt talkH1696 of them when thou sittestH3427 in thy houseH1004, and when thou walkestH3212 by the wayH1870, and when thou liest downH7901, and when thou risest upH6965. 8And thou shalt bindH7194 them for a signH226 upon thy handH3027, and they shall be as frontletsH2903 between thy eyesH5869. 9And thou shalt writeH3789 them upon the postsH4201 of thy houseH1004, and on thy gatesH8179. 10And it shall be, when the LORDH3068 thy GodH430 shall have broughtH935 thee into the landH776 which he sworeH7650 to thy fathersH1, to AbrahamH85, to IsaacH3327, and to JacobH3290, to giveH5414 thee greatH1419 and goodlyH2896 citiesH5892, which thou didst not buildH1129, 11And housesH1004 fullH4392 of all goodH2898 things, which thou didst not fillH4390, and dugH2672 wellsH953, which thou didst not digH2672, vineyardsH3754 and olive treesH2132, which thou didst not plantH5193; when thou shalt have eatenH398 and be fullH7646; 12Then bewareH8104 lest thou shouldest forgetH7911 the LORDH3068, who brought thee forthH3318 from the landH776 of EgyptH4714, from the houseH1004 of bondageH5650. 13Thou shalt fearH3372 the LORDH3068 thy GodH430, and serveH5647 him, and shalt swearH7650 by his nameH8034. 14Ye shall not goH3212 afterH310 otherH312 godsH430, of the godsH430 of the peopleH5971 which are aroundH5439 you; 15(For the LORDH3068 thy GodH430 is a jealousH7067 GodH410 amongH7130 you) lest the angerH639 of the LORDH3068 thy GodH430 should be kindledH2734 against thee, and destroyH8045 thee from off the faceH6440 of the earthH127. 16Ye shall not temptH5254 the LORDH3068 your GodH430, as ye temptedH5254 him in MassahH4532. 17Ye shall diligentlyH8104 keepH8104 the commandmentsH4687 of the LORDH3068 your GodH430, and his testimoniesH5713, and his statutesH2706, which he hath commandedH6680 thee. 18And thou shalt doH6213 that which is rightH3477 and goodH2896 in the sightH5869 of the LORDH3068: that it may be wellH3190 with thee, and that thou mayest go inH935 and possessH3423 the goodH2896 landH776 which the LORDH3068 sworeH7650 to thy fathersH1, 19To cast outH1920 all thy enemiesH341 from beforeH6440 thee, as the LORDH3068 hath spokenH1696. 20And when thy sonH1121 shall askH7592 thee in time to comeH4279, sayingH559, What mean the testimoniesH5713, and the statutesH2706, and the judgmentsH4941, which the LORDH3068 our GodH430 hath commandedH6680 you? 21Then thou shalt sayH559 to thy sonH1121, We were Pharaoh’sH6547 slavesH5650 in EgyptH4714; and the LORDH3068 brought us outH3318 of EgyptH4714 with a mightyH2389 handH3027: 22And the LORDH3068 showedH5414 signsH226 and wondersH4159, greatH1419 and terribleH7451, upon EgyptH4714, upon PharaohH6547, and upon all his householdH1004, before our eyesH5869: 23And he brought us outH3318 from there, that he might bring us inH935, to giveH5414 us the landH776 which he sworeH7650 to our fathersH1. 24And the LORDH3068 commandedH6680 us to doH6213 all these statutesH2706, to fearH3372 the LORDH3068 our GodH430, for our goodH2896 alwaysH3117, that he might preserve us aliveH2421, as it is at this dayH3117. 25And it shall be our righteousnessH6666, if we observeH8104 to doH6213 all theseH2063 commandmentsH4687 beforeH6440 the LORDH3068 our GodH430, as he hath commandedH6680 us.
Matthew Henry - Complete Commentary 1 Observe here, 1. That Moses taught the people all that, and that only, which God commanded him to teach them,
Deut 6:1. Thus Christ's ministers are to teach his churches
all that he has commanded, and neither more nor less,
Matt 28:20. 2. That the end of their being taught was that they might do as they were taught (
Matt 28:1), might
keep God's statutes (
Deut 6:2), and
observe to do them, Deut 6:3. Good instructions from parents and ministers will but aggravate our condemnation if we do not live up to them. 3. That Moses carefully endeavoured to fix them for God and godliness, now that they were entering upon the land of Canaan, that they might be prepared for the comforts of that land, and fortified against the snares of it, and now that they were setting out in the world might set out well. 4. That the fear of God in the heart will be the most powerful principle of obedience:
That thou mightest fear the Lord thy God, to keep all his statutes, Deut 6:2. 5. The entail of religion in a family, or country, is the best entail: it is highly desirable that not we only, but our children, and our children's children, may fear the Lord. 6. Religion and righteousness advance and secure the prosperity of any people. Fear God, and it shall be well with thee. Those that are well taught, if they do what they are taught, shall be well fed too, as Israel in the
land flowing with milk and honey, Deut 6:3.
4 Here is, I. A brief summary of religion, containing the first principles of faith and obedience,
Deut 6:4,
Deut 6:5. These two verses the Jews reckon one of the choicest portions of scripture: they write it in their phylacteries, and think themselves not only obliged to say it at least twice every day, but very happy in being so obliged, having this saying among them,
Blessed are we, who every morning and evening say, Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God is one Lord. But more blessed are we if we duly consider and improve,
1. What we are here taught to believe concerning God: that
Jehovah our God is one Jehovah. (1.) That the God whom we serve is Jehovah, a Being infinitely and eternally perfect, self-existent, and self-sufficient. (2.) That he is the one only living and true God; he only is God, and he is but one. The firm belief of this self-evident truth would effectually arm them against all idolatry, which was introduced by that fundamental error, that there are gods many. It is past dispute that there is one God, and there
is no other but he, Mark 12:32. Let us therefore have no other, nor desire to have any other. Some have thought there is here a plain intimation of the trinity of persons in the unity of the Godhead; for here is the name of God three times, and yet all declared to be one. Happy they that have this one Lord for their God; for they have but one master to please, but one benefactor to seek to. It is better to have one fountain that a thousand cisterns, one all-sufficient God than a thousand insufficient ones.
2. What we are here taught concerning the duty which God requires of man. It is all summed up in this as its principle,
Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart. He had undertaken (
Deut 6:2) to teach them to fear God; and, in pursuance of his undertaking, he here teaches them to love him, for the warmer our affection to him the greater will be our veneration for him; the child that honours his parents no doubt loves them. Did ever any prince make a law that his subjects should love him? Yet such is the condescension of the divine grace that this is made the first and great commandment of God's law, that we love him, and that we perform all other parts of our duty to him from a principle of love.
My son, give me thy heart. We must highly esteem him, be well pleased that there is such a Being, well pleased in all his attributes, and relations to us: our desire must be towards him, our delight in him, our dependence upon him, and to him we must be entirely devoted. It must be a constant pleasure to us to think of him, hear from him, speak to him, and serve him. We must love him, (1.) As the Lord, the best of beings, most excellent and amiable in himself. (2.) As our God, a God in covenant with us, our Father, and the most kind and bountiful of friends and benefactors. We are also commanded to love God
with all our heart, and soul, and might; that is, we must love him, [1.] With a sincere love; not in word and tongue only, saying we love him when our hearts are not with him, but inwardly, and in truth, solacing ourselves in him. [2.] With a strong love; the heart must be carried out towards him with great ardour and fervency of affection. Some have hence though that we should avoid saying (as we commonly express ourselves) that we will do this or that with all our heart, for we must not do any thing with all our heart but love God; and that this phrase, being here used concerning that sacred fire, should not be unhallowed. He that is our all must have our all, and none but he. [3.] With a superlative love; we must love God above any creature whatsoever, and love nothing besides him but what we love for him and in subordination to him. [4.] With an intelligent love; for so it is explained,
Mark 12:33. To love him with all the heart, and with all the understanding, we must know him, and therefore love him as those that see good cause to love him. [5.] With an entire love; he is one, and therefore our hearts must be united in this love, and the whole stream of our affections must run towards him. O that this love of God may be shed abroad in our hearts!
II. Means are here prescribed for the maintaining and keeping up of religion in our hearts and houses, that it might not wither and go to decay. And they are these: - 1. Meditation:
These words which I command thee shall be in thy heart, Deut 6:6. Though the words alone without the things will do us no good, yet we are in danger of losing the things if we neglect the words, by which ordinarily divine light and power are conveyed to the heart. God's words must be laid up on our heart, that our thoughts may be daily conversant with them and employed about them, and thereby the whole soul may be brought to abide and act under the influence and impression of them. This immediately follows upon the law of loving God with all your heart; for those that do so will lay up his word in their hearts both as an evidence and effect of that love and as a means to preserve and increase it. He that loves God loves his Bible. 2. The religious education of children (
Deut 6:7):
Thou shalt teach them diligently to thy children; and by communicating thy knowledge thou wilt increase it. Those that love the Lord God themselves should do what they can to engage the affections of their children to him, and so to preserve the entail of religion in their families from being cut off.
Thou shalt whet them diligently upon thy children, so some read it; frequently repeat these things to them, try all ways of instilling them into their minds, and making them pierce into their hearts; as, in whetting a knife, it is turned first on this side, then on that. Be careful and exact in teaching thy children; and aim, as by whetting, to sharpen them, and put an edge upon them. Teach them to thy children, not only those of thy own body (say the Jews) but all those that are anyway under thy care and tuition. Bishop Patrick well observes here that Moses thought his law so very plain and easy that every father might be able to instruct his sons in it and every mother her daughters. Thus that good thing which is committed to us we must carefully transmit to those that come after us, that it may be perpetuated. 3. Pious discourse. Thou shalt talk of these things, with due reverence and seriousness, for the benefit not only of thy children, but of thy other domestics, thy friends and companions, as thou sittest in thy house at work, or at meat, or at rest, or to receive visits, and when thou walkest by the way for diversion, or for conversation, of in journeys, when at night thou art retiring from thy family to lie down for sleep, and when in the morning thou hast risen up and returnest to thy family again. Take all occasions to discourse with those about thee of divine things; not of unrevealed mysteries, or matters of doubtful disputation, but of the plain truths and laws of God, and the things that belong to our peace. So far is it from being reckoned a diminution to the honour of sacred things to make them subject of our familiar discourse that they are recommended to us to be talked of; for the more conversant we are with them the more we shall admire them and be affected with them, and may thereby be instrumental to communicate divine light and heat. 4. Frequent reading of the word:
They shall be as frontlets between thy eyes, and thou shalt write them upon the posts of thy house, Deut 6:8,
Deut 6:9. It is probable that at that time there were few written copies of the whole law, only at the feasts of tabernacles the people had it read to them; and therefore God appointed them, at least for the present, to write some select sentences of the law, that were most weighty and comprehensive, upon their walls, or in scrolls of parchment to be worn about their wrists; and some think that hence the phylacteries so much used among the Jews took rise. Christ blames the Pharisees, not for wearing them, but for affecting to have them broader than other people's,
Matt 23:5. But when Bibles came to be common among them there was less occasion for this expedient. It was prudently and piously provided by the first reformers of the English church that then, when Bibles were scarce, some select portions of scripture should be written on the walls and pillars of the churches, which the people might make familiar to them, in conformity to this direction, which seems to have been binding in the letter of it to the Jews as it is to us in the intent of it, which is that we should endeavour by all means possible to make the word of God familiar to us, that we may have it ready to us upon all occasions, for our restraint from sin and our direction and excitement to our duty. It must be as that which is
graven on the palms of our hands, always before our eyes. See
Prov 7:1-
Prov 7:3. It is also intimated that we must never be ashamed to own our religion, nor to own ourselves under the check and government of it. Let it be written on our gates, and let every one that goes by our door read it, that we believe Jehovah to be God alone, and believe ourselves bound to
love him with all our hearts. III. A caution is here given not to forget God in a day of prosperity and plenty,
Deut 6:10-
Deut 6:12. Here, 1. He raises their expectations of the goodness of their God, taking it for granted that he would bring them into the good land that he had promised (
Deut 6:10), that they should no longer dwell in tents as shepherds and poor travellers, but should settle in great and goodly cities, should no longer wander in a barren wilderness, but should enjoy houses will furnished and gardens well planted (
Deut 6:11), and all this without any care and expense of their own, which he here lays a great stress upon -
Cities which thou buildest not, houses which thou filledst not, etc., both because it made the mercy really much more valuable that what they had come to them so cheaply, and yet, if they did not actually consider it, the mercy would be the less esteemed, for we are most sensible of the value of that which has cost us dear. When they came so easily by the gift they would be apt to grow secure, and unmindful of the giver. 2. He engages their watchfulness against the badness of their own hearts:
Then beware, when thou liest safe and soft,
lest thou forget the Lord, Deut 6:12. Note, (1.) In a day of prosperity we are in great danger of forgetting God, our dependence upon him, our need of him, and our obligations to him. When the world smiles we are apt to make our court to it, and expect our happiness in it, and so we forget him that his our only portion and rest. Agur prays against this temptation (
Prov 30:9):
Lest I be full and deny thee. (2.) There is therefore need of great care and caution at such a time, and a strict watch over our own hearts.
Then beware; being warned of your danger, stand upon your guard against it.
Bind the words of God for a sign upon thy hand, for this end to prevent thy forgetting God. When thou art settled in Canaan forget not thy deliverance out of Egypt; but look to the
rock out of which thou wast hewn. When thy latter end has greatly increased, remember the smallness of thy beginnings.
IV. Some special precepts and prohibitions are here given, which are of great consequence. 1. They must upon all occasions give honour to God (
Deut 6:13):
Fear him and serve him (for, if he be a Master, we must both reverence him and do his work);
and swear by his name, that is, they must not upon any occasion appeal to any other, as the discerner of truth and avenger of wrong. Swear by him only, and not by an idol, or any other creature. Swear by his name in all treaties and covenants with the neighbouring nations, and do not compliment them so far as to swear by their gods. Swearing by his mane is sometimes put for an open profession of his name.
Isa 45:23,
Every tongue shall swear, is expounded (
Roma 14:11),
Every tongue shall confess to God. 2. They must not upon any occasion give that honour to other gods (
Deut 6:14):
You shall not go after other gods, that is, You shall not serve nor worship them; for therein they went astray, they went a whoring from the true God, who in this, more than in any thing, is
jealous god (
Deut 6:15): and the learned bishop Patrick observes here, out of Maimonides, that we never find, either in the law or the prophets,
anger, or
fury, or
jealousy, or
indignation, attributed to God but upon occasion of idolatry. 3. They must take heed of dishonouring God by
tempting him (
Deut 6:16):
You shall not tempt the Lord your God, that is, You shall not in any exigence distrust the power, presence, and providence of God, nor quarrel with him, which, if they indulged an evil heart of unbelief, they would take occasion to do in Canaan as well as in the wilderness. No change of condition will cure a disposition of murmur and fret. Our Saviour uses this caution as an answer to one of Satan's temptations, with application to himself,
Matt 4:7,
Thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God, either by despairing of his power and goodness while we keep in the way of our duty, or by presuming upon it when we turn aside out of that way.
17 Here, I. Moses charges them to keep God's commandments themselves:
You shall diligently keep God's commandments, Deut 6:17-
Deut 6:19. Note, It requires a great deal of care and pains to keep up religion in the power of it in our hearts and lives. Negligence will ruin us; but we cannot be saved without diligence. To induce them to this, he here shows them, 1. That this would be very acceptable to God: it is
right and good in the sight of the Lord; and that is right and good indeed that is, so in
God's sight. If we have any regard to the favour of our Creator as our felicity, and the law of our creation as our rule, we shall be religious. 2. That it would be very advantageous and profitable to themselves. It would secure to them the possession of the land of Canaan, prosperity there, and constant victory over those that stood in their way. In short, Do well, and it shall be
well with thee. II. He charges them to instruct their children in the commands of God, not only that they might in their tender years intelligently and affectionately join in religious services, but that afterwards they might in their day keep up religion, and convey it to those that should come after them. Now,
1. Here is a proper question which it is supposed the children would ask (
Deut 6:20):
What mean the testimonies and the statutes? What is the meaning of the feasts we observe, the sacrifices we offer, and the many peculiar customs we keep up? Observe, (1.) All divine institutions have a certain meaning, and there is something great designed in them. (2.) It concerns us to know and understand the meaning of them, that we may perform a reasonable service and may not
offer the blind for sacrifice. (3.) It is good for children betimes to enquire into the true intent and meaning of the religious observances they are trained up in. If any are thus inquisitive in divine things it is a good sign that they are concerned about them, and a good means of their attaining to a great acquaintance with them.
Then shall we know if thus we
follow on to know. 2. Here is a full answer put into the parents' mouths to be given to this good question. Parents and teachers must give instruction to those under their charge, though they do not ask it, nay, though they have an aversion to it; much more must they be ready to answer questions, and to give instruction when it is desired; for it may be hoped that those who ask it will be willing to receive it. Did the children ask the meaning of God's laws? Let them be told that they were to be observed, (1.) In a grateful remembrance of God's former favours to them, especially their deliverance out of Egypt,
Deut 6:21-
Deut 6:23. The children must be often told of the deplorable state their ancestors were in when they were bondmen in Egypt, the great salvation God wrought for them in fetching them out thence, and that God, in giving them these peculiar statutes, meant to perpetuate the memorial of that work of wonder, by which they were formed into a peculiar people. (2.) As the prescribed condition of his further favours (
Deut 6:24):
The Lord commanded us all these statutes for our good. Note, God commands us nothing but what is really for our good. It is our interest as well as our duty to be religious. [1.] It will be our life:
That he might preserve us alive, which is a great favour, and more than we could expect, considering how often we have forfeited life itself. Godliness has the promise of the continuance and comfort of the life that now is as far as it is for God's glory. [2.] It will be our righteousness. Could we perfectly fulfil but that one command of loving God with all our heart, soul, and might, and could we say, We have never done otherwise, this would be so our righteousness as to entitle us to the benefits of the covenant of innocency; had we continued in every thing that is written in the book of the law to do it, the law would have justified us. But this we cannot pretend to, therefore our sincere obedience shall be accepted through a Mediator to denominate us, as Noah was,
righteous before God, Gen 7:1;
Luke 1:6; and
1John 3:7. The Chaldee reads it,
There shall be a reward to us if we observe to do these commandments; for, without doubt, in keeping God's commandments there is great reward.