1Und nun, so spricht Jehova, der dich geschaffen, Jakob, und der dich gebildet hat, Israel: Fürchte dich nicht, denn ich habe dich erlöst; ich habe dich bei deinem Namen gerufen, du bist mein. 2Wenn du durchs Wasser gehst, ich bin bei dir, und durch Ströme, sie werden dich nicht überfluten; wenn du durchs Feuer gehst, wirst du nicht versengt werden, und die Flamme wird dich nicht verbrennen. 3Denn ich bin Jehova, dein Gott, ich, der Heilige Israels, dein Heiland; ich gebe als dein Lösegeld Ägypten hin, Äthiopien und Seba an deiner Statt. 4Weil du teuer, wertvoll bist in meinen Augen, und ich dich lieb habe, so werde ich Menschen hingeben an deiner Statt und Völkerschaften anstatt deines Lebens. 5Fürchte dich nicht, denn ich bin mit dir; vom Aufgang her werde ich deinen Samen bringen, und vom Niedergang her werde ich dich sammeln. 6Ich werde zum Norden sagen: Gib heraus! und zum Süden: Halte nicht zurück, bringe meine Söhne von fernher und meine Töchter vom Ende der Erde, 7einen jeden, der mit meinem Namen genannt ist, und den ich zu meiner Ehre geschaffen, den ich gebildet, ja, gemacht habe! 8Führe heraus das blinde Volk, das doch Augen hat, und die Tauben, die doch Ohren haben! 9Alle Nationen mögen sich miteinander versammeln, und die Völkerschaften zusammenkommen! Wer unter ihnen kann solches verkünden? so mögen sie uns Früheres hören lassen! mögen sie ihre Zeugen stellen und gerechtfertigt werden, daß man es höre und sage: Es ist wahr! 10Ihr seid meine Zeugen, spricht Jehova, und mein Knecht, den ich erwählt habe: damit ihr erkennet und mir glaubet und einsehet, daß ich derselbe bin. Vor mir ward kein Gott gebildet, und nach mir wird keiner sein. 11Ich, ich bin Jehova, und außer mir ist kein Heiland. 12Ich habe verkündigt und gerettet und vernehmen lassen, und kein fremder Gott war unter euch; und ihr seid meine Zeugen, spricht Jehova, und ich bin Gott. 13Ja, von jeher bin ich derselbe; und da ist niemand, der aus meiner Hand errette. Ich wirke, und wer kann es abwenden? 14So spricht Jehova, euer Erlöser, der Heilige Israels: Um euretwillen habe ich nach Babel gesandt; und ich werde sie alle als Flüchtlinge hinabtreiben, und auch die Chaldäer, auf den Schiffen ihres Jubels. 15Ich, Jehova, bin euer Heiliger, ich, der Schöpfer Israels, euer König. - 16So spricht Jehova, der einen Weg gibt im Meere, und einen Pfad in mächtigen Wassern; 17der ausziehen läßt Wagen und Roß, Heer und Held - zusammen liegen sie da, stehen nicht wieder auf; sie sind erloschen, verglommen wie ein Docht: - 18Gedenket nicht des Früheren, und über die Dinge der Vorzeit sinnet nicht nach! 19Siehe, ich wirke Neues; jetzt sproßt es auf; werdet ihr es nicht erfahren? Ja, ich mache durch die Wüste einen Weg, Ströme durch die Einöde. 20Das Getier des Feldes wird mich preisen, Schakale und Strauße; denn ich werde Wasser geben in der Wüste, Ströme in der Einöde, um mein Volk zu tränken, mein auserwähltes. 21Dieses Volk, das ich mir gebildet habe, sie sollen meinen Ruhm erzählen. - 22Doch nicht mich hast du angerufen, Jakob, daß du dich um mich gemüht hättest, Israel! 23Du hast mir die Schafe deiner Brandopfer nicht gebracht, und mit deinen Schlachtopfern hast du mich nicht geehrt; ich habe dir nicht mit Speisopfern zu schaffen gemacht, noch mit Weihrauch dich ermüdet; 24du hast mir nicht um Geld Würzrohr gekauft, noch mit dem Fette deiner Schlachtopfer mich gelabt. Aber du hast mir zu schaffen gemacht mit deinen Sünden, du hast mich ermüdet mit deinen Missetaten. 25Ich, ich bin es, der deine Übertretungen tilgt um meinetwillen; und deiner Sünden will ich nicht mehr gedenken. - 26Rufe mir ins Gedächtnis, wir wollen rechten miteinander; erzähle doch, damit du gerechtfertigt werdest! 27Dein erster Vater hat gesündigt, und deine Mittler sind von mir abgefallen. 28Und ich habe die Fürsten des Heiligtums entweiht, und Jakob dem Banne und Israel den Schmähungen hingegeben.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 A SUCCESSION OF ARGUMENTS WHEREIN ISRAEL MAY BE ASSURED THAT, NOTWITHSTANDING THEIR PERVERSITY TOWARDS GOD (
Isa 42:25), HE WILL DELIVER AND RESTORE THEM. (Isa. 43:1-28)
But now--notwithstanding God's past just judgments for Israel's sins.
created--not only in the general sense, but specially created as a peculiar people unto Himself (
Isa 43:7,
Isa 43:15,
Isa 43:21;
Isa 44:2,
Isa 44:21,
Isa 44:24). So believers, "created in Christ Jesus" (
Eph 2:10), "a peculiar people" (
1Pet 2:9).
redeemed--a second argument why they should trust Him besides creation. The Hebrew means to ransom by a price paid in lieu of the captives (compare
Isa 43:3). Babylon was to be the ransom in this case, that is, was to be destroyed, in order that they might be delivered; so Christ became a curse, doomed to death, that we might be redeemed.
called . . . by . . . name--not merely "called" in general, as in
Isa 42:6;
Isa 48:12;
Isa 51:2, but designated as His own peculiar people (compare
Isa 45:3-
Isa 45:4;
Exod 32:1;
Exod 33:12;
John 10:3).
2 rivers . . . not overflow thee--so in passing Jordan, though at its "overflow," when its "swellings" were especially dangerous (
Josh 3:15;
Jer 12:5).
waters . . . fire--a proverbial phrase for the extremest perils (
Ps 66:12; also
Ps 138:7). Literally fulfilled at the Red Sea (
Exod 14:21-
Exod 14:22), and in the case of the three youths cast into the fiery furnace for conscience' sake (
Dan 3:25,
Dan 3:27).
3 Egypt for thy ransom--Either Egypt or Israel must perish; God chose that Egypt, though so much more mighty, should be destroyed, in order that His people might be delivered; thus Egypt stood, instead of Israel, as a kind of "ransom." The Hebrew, kopher, means properly "that with which anything is overlaid," as the pitch with which the ark was overlaid; hence that which covers over sins, an atonement. Nebuchadnezzar had subdued Egypt, Ethiopia (Hebrew, Cush), and Saba (descended from Cush,
Gen 10:7, probably Meroe of Ethiopia, a great island formed by the Astaboras and the Nile, conquered by Cambyses, successor of Cyrus). Cyrus received these from God with the rest of the Babylonian dominions, in consideration of his being about to deliver Israel. However, the reference may be to the three years' war in which Sargon overcame these countries, and so had his attention diverted from Israel (see on
Isa 20:1) [VITRINGA]. But the reference is probably more general, namely, to all the instances in which Jehovah sacrificed mighty heathen nations, when the safety of Israel required it.
4 Since--All along from the beginning; for there was never a time when Israel was not Jehovah's people. The apodosis should be at, "I will give." "Since ever thou wast precious in My sight, honorable, and that I loved thee, I will give," &c. [MAURER]. GESENIUS, as English Version, takes "Since" to mean, "Inasmuch as." If the apodosis be as in English Version, "Since thou wast precious" will refer to the time when God called His people out of Egypt, manifesting then first the love which He had from everlasting towards them (
Jer 31:3;
Hos 11:1); "honorable" and "loved," refer to outward marks of honor and love from God.
men . . . people--other nations for thee (so
Isa 43:3).
thy life--thy person.
5 (
Deut 30:3).
seed--descendants scattered in all lands. VITRINGA understands it of the spiritual "seed" of the Church produced by mystical regeneration: for the expression is, "bring," not "bring back." This sense is perhaps included, but not to the exclusion of the literal Israel's restoration (
Jer 30:10-
Jer 30:11;
Amos 9:9;
Zech 2:6-
Zech 2:13).
6 Give up--namely, My people.
sons . . . daughters--The feminine joined to the masculine expresses the complete totality of anything (
Zech 9:17).
7 called by my name--belong to Israel, whose people, as sons of God, bear the name of their Father (
Isa 44:5;
Isa 48:1).
for my glory-- (
Isa 43:21;
Isa 29:23).
8 Solemn challenge given by God to the nations to argue with Him the question of His superiority to their idols, and His power to deliver Israel (
Isa 41:1).
blind people--the Gentiles, who also, like Israel (
Isa 42:19), are blind (spiritually), though having eyes; that is, natural faculties, whereby they might know God (
Rom 1:20-
Rom 1:21) [LOWTH]. Or else, the Jews [VITRINGA].
9 who . . . can declare this--who among the idolatrous soothsayers hath predicted this; that is, as to Cyrus being the deliverer of Israel?
former--predictions, as in
Isa 42:9 [MAURER]. Or, things that shall first come to pass (see on
Isa 41:21-
Isa 41:22) [BARNES].
let them bring forth their witnesses--as I do mine (
Isa 43:10).
justified--declared veracious in their pretended prophecies.
or--rather, "and"; let men hear their prediction and say, from the event, It is verified (see on
Isa 41:26).
10 Ye--the Jews, to whom I have given predictions, verified by the event; and in delivering whom I have so often manifested MY power (see
Isa 43:3-
Isa 43:4;
Isa 44:8).
and my servant--that is, the whole Jewish people (
Isa 41:8).
believe--trust in.
formed--before I existed none of the false gods were formed. "Formed" applies to the idols, not to God.
Rev 1:11 uses the same language to prove the Godhead of Jesus, as Isaiah here to prove the Godhead of Jehovah.
11 Lord--Jehovah.
saviour--temporally, from Babylon: eternally, from sin and hell (
Hos 13:4;
Acts 4:12). The same titles as are applied to God are applied to Jesus.
12 declared--predicted the future (
Isa 41:22-
Isa 41:23).
saved--the nation, in past times of danger.
showed--namely, that I was God.
when . . . no strange god, &c.--to whom the predictions uttered by Me could be assigned. "Strange" means foreign, introduced from abroad.
13 before--literally, from the time of the first existence of day.
let--Old English for "hinder" (
Isa 14:27). Rather, translate, "undo it" [HORSLEY].
14 sent--namely, the Medes and Persians (
Isa 10:5-
Isa 10:6;
Isa 13:3).
brought down--"made to go down" to the sea (
Isa 42:10), in order to escape the impending destruction of Babylon.
nobles--rather, "fugitives," namely, the foreigners who sojourned in populous Babylon (
Isa 13:14), distinct from the Chaldeans [MAURER].
whose cry is in the ships--exulting in their ships with the joyous sailors--cry, boastingly; their joy heretofore in their ships contrasts sadly with their present panic in fleeing to them (
Isa 22:2;
Zeph 2:15). Babylon was on the Euphrates, which was joined to the Tigris by a canal, and flowed into the Persian Gulf. Thus it was famed for ships and commerce until the Persian monarchs, to prevent revolt or invasion, obstructed navigation by dams across the Tigris and Euphrates.
15 creator of Israel-- (
Isa 43:1).
your--proved to be specially yours by delivering you.
16 Allusion to the deliverance of Israel and overthrow of Pharaoh in the Red Sea, the standing illustration of God's unchanging character towards His people (
Exod 14:21-
Exod 14:22,
Exod 14:27-
Exod 14:28).
17 the power--the might of the enemies host, every mighty warrior.
they shall lie down together--as Pharaoh's army sank "together" in a watery grave.
18 So wonderful shall be God's future interpositions in your behalf, that all past ones shall be forgotten in comparison. Plainly the future restoration of Israel is the event ultimately meant. Thus the "former things" are such events as the destruction of Sennacherib and the return from Babylon. "Things of old" are events still more ancient, the deliverance from Egypt and at the Red Sea, and entry into Canaan [VITRINGA].
19 new--unprecedented in its wonderful character (
Isa 42:9).
spring forth--as a germinating herb: a beautiful image of the silent but certain gradual growth of events in God's providence (
Mark 4:26-
Mark 4:28).
way in . . . wilderness--just as Israel in the wilderness, between the Red Sea and Canaan, was guided, and supplied with water by Jehovah; but the "new" deliverance shall be attended with manifestations of God's power and love, eclipsing the old (compare
Isa 41:17-
Isa 41:19). "I will open a way, not merely in the Red Sea, but in the wilderness of the whole world; and not merely one river shall gush out of the rock, but many, which shall refresh, not the bodies as formerly, but the souls of the thirsty, so that the prophecy shall be fulfilled: 'With joy shall ye draw water out of the wells of salvation'" [JEROME]. "A way" often stands for the true religion (
Acts 9:2;
Acts 18:26). "Rivers" express the influences of the Holy Spirit (
John 7:37-
John 7:39). Israel's literal restoration hereafter is included, as appears by comparing
Isa 11:15-
Isa 11:16.
20 beast--image of idolaters, defiled with blood and pollutions, dwelling like dragons, &c., in the wastes of Gentile ignorance: even they shall be converted. Or else, literally, such copious floods of water shall be given by God in the desert, that the very beasts shall (in poetic language) praise the Lord (
Ps 148:10) [JEROME].
dragons--"serpents," or else jackals (see on
Isa 13:22).
owls--rather, "ostriches."
21 This people--namely, The same as "My people, My chosen" (see
Isa 43:1,
Isa 43:7;
Ps 102:18).
my praise--on account of the many and great benefits conferred on them, especially their restoration.
22 But--Israel, however, is not to think that these divine favors are due to their own piety towards God. So the believer (
Titus 3:5).
but--rather, "for."
weary of me-- (
Amos 8:5-
Amos 8:6;
Mal 1:13), though "I have not wearied thee" (
Isa 43:23), yet "thou hast been weary of Me."
23 small cattle--rather, the "lamb" or "kid," required by the law to be daily offered to God (
Exod 29:38;
Num 28:3).
sacrifices--offered any way; whereas the Hebrew for "holocaust," or "burnt offering," denotes that which ascends as an offering consumed by fire.
I have not caused thee to serve--that is, to render the the service of a slave (
Matt 11:30;
Rom 8:15;
1John 4:18;
1John 5:3).
offering--bloodless (
Lev 2:1-
Lev 2:2).
wearied--antithetical to
Isa 43:22, "Thou hast been weary of Me." Though God in the law required such offerings, yet not so as to "weary" the worshipper, or to exact them in cases where, as in the Babylonish captivity, they were physically unable to render them; God did not require them, save in subordination to the higher moral duties (
Ps 50:8-
Ps 50:14;
Ps 51:16-
Ps 51:17;
Mic 6:3,
Mic 6:6-
Mic 6:8).
24 bought--for "sweet cane" (aromatic calamus) was not indigenous to Palestine, but had to be bought from foreign countries (
Jer 6:20). It was used among the Hebrews to make the sacred ointment (
Exod 30:23). It is often offered as a mark of hospitality.
filled--satiated (
Jer 31:14). God deigns to use human language to adapt Himself to human modes of thought.
made me to serve--though "I have not caused thee to serve" (
Isa 43:23). Our sin made the Son of God to become "a servant." He served to save us from servile bondage (
Phil 2:7;
Heb 2:14-
Heb 2:15).
wearied me--Though I have "not wearied thee" (
Isa 43:23; see
Isa 1:14).
25 I, even I--the God against whom your sin is committed, and who alone can and will pardon. (
Isa 44:22).
for mine own sake-- (
Isa 48:9,
Isa 48:11). How abominable a thing sin is, since it is against such a God of grace! "Blotted out" is an image from an account-book, in which, when a debt is paid, the charge is cancelled or blotted out.
not remember . . . sins-- (
Jer 31:34). When God forgives, He forgets; that is, treats the sinner as if He had forgotten his sins.
26 Put me in remembrance--Remind Me of every plea which thou hast to urge before Me in thy defense. Image from a trial (
Isa 1:18;
Isa 41:1). Our strongest plea is to remind God of His own promises. So Jacob did at Mahanaim and Peniel (
Gen 32:9,
Gen 32:12). God, then, instead of "pleading against us with His great power," "will put His strength" in us (
Job 23:6); we thus become "the Lord's remembrancers" (
Isa 62:6, Margin). "Declare God's righteousness" vindicated in Jesus Christ "that thou mayest be justified" (
Rom 3:26; compare
Isa 20:1-
Isa 20:6, and
Ps 143:2).
27 first father--collectively for "most ancient ancestors," as the parallelism ("teachers") proves [MAURER]. Or, thy chief religious ministers or priests [GESENIUS]. Adam, the common father of all nations, can hardly be meant here, as it would have been irrelevant to mention his sin in an address to the Jews specially. Abraham is equally out of place here, as he is everywhere cited as an example of faithfulness, not of "sin." However, taking the passage in its ultimate application to the Church at large, Adam may be meant.
teachers--literally, "interpreters" between God and man, the priests (
Job 33:23;
Mal 2:7).
28 profaned the princes-- (
Ps 89:39;
Lam 2:2,
Lam 2:6-
Lam 2:7). I have esteemed, or treated, them as persons not sacred. I have left them to suffer the same treatment as the common people, stripped of their holy office and in captivity.
princes of the sanctuary--"governors of" it (
1Chr 24:5); directing its holy services; priests.
curse--Hebrew, cherim, a "solemn anathema," or "excommunication."
reproaches-- (
Ps 123:3-
Ps 123:4).