1Was als Wort des Ewigen an Jirmejahu, den Gottbegeisteten, erging über die Völker: 2Über Mizraim, über das Heer Par'o Nechos, des Königs von Mizraim, das am Strom Perat in Karkemisch stand, welches Nebuchadrezzar, der König von Babel, schlug im vierten Jahr Jehojakims, des Sohnes Joschijahus, des Königs von Jehuda: 3«Bereitet Schild und Tartsche und tretet an zum Kampf! 4Schirrt an die Rosse sitzt auf, ihr Reiter stellt euch in Helmen macht blank die Lanzen legt an die Panzer! 5Was seh ich sie zagen zurück sie weichen ihre Helden zerschmettert zur Flucht sich stürzen sich nimmer wendend vor Grauen ringsum? Ist des Ewigen Spruch. 6Nicht entkomme der Schnelle nicht entrinne der Starke! Im Norden, am Perat-Strom sie stürzten, fielen. 7Wer ists, der ansteigt wie der Strom des Wasser wie die Flüsse wogen? 8Mizraim, ansteigts wie der Strom und wie die Flüsse drin die Wasser wogen. Es spricht: ,Ansteigen will ich, will das Land bedecken vernichten Stadt und Sassen drin!' 9Heran, ihr Rosse und tummelt euch, Wagen daß ausziehn die Helden Kusch da und Put, die Schilde führend die Ludier, im Griff den Bogen spannend. 10Und jener Tag ist für den Herrn den Gott der Scharen ein Tag der Rache an seinen Feinden sich zu rächen; da frißt das Schwert sich satt und trinkt an ihrem Blut sich voll. Denn eine Schlachtung hält der Herr der Gott der Scharen in Nordens Land am Strom Perat. 11Steig nach Gil'ad, hol Balsam Maid, Tochter Mizraims! Vergeblich häufst du Arzneien dir wird nicht Genesung! 12Es hören Völker deine Schmach und deines Jammers ist die Erde voll denn Krieger über Krieger stürzt zusammen beide fallen.» 13Das Wort, das der Ewige zu Jirmejahu, dem Gottbegeisteten, redete, als Nebuchadrezzar, der König von Babel, kam, das Land Mizraim zu schlagen: 14«Verkündet in Mizraim, ruft in Migdol aus ruft aus in Nof und Tahpanhes! Sprecht: Stell auf dich, sei bereit denn um dich frißt das Schwert. 15Warum sind deine Ritter fortgefegt? Sie hielten nicht, da sie der Ewge fortstieß! 16Viel ließ er straucheln ja, Mann stürzt über Mann sie sprechen: ,Auf! Kehren wir zu unserm Volk zurück in unser Heimatland vor dem würgenden Schwert!' 17Sie nannten dort Par'o, Mizraims König: Ein Brausen, das die Frist versäumte. 18,Ich lebe!' spricht der König der Ewige der Scharen ist sein Name daß wie der Tabor unter Bergen wie Karmel überm Meer es anrückt! 19Gerät zur Wandrung richte dir Maid, Sassin Mizraims denn Nof wird Ödnis werden wüst, ohne Wohner. 20Vielschöne Jungkuh Mizraim der Stecher kommt vom Norden, kommt. 21Auch ihre Söldlinge in ihr wie Kälber, gekoppelt ja, sie auch wenden sich sie fliehn allsamt sie halten nicht stand denn ihres Sturzes Tag kommt über sie die Zeit ihrer Ahndung. 22Horch! Wie wenn die Schlange kommt! Denn sie, mit Kriegsmacht kommen sie mit Äxten gehen sie sie an Holzhauern gleich 23sie hauen ihren Wald ist des Ewigen Spruch. Denn nicht zu messen ist es mehr als der Heuschreck sind sie sind ohne Zahl. 24Zuschanden wird Mizraims Tochter gegeben in des Nordvolks Hand. 25Gesprochen hat der Ewige der Scharen, der Gott Jisraëls: Sieh, ich suche heim den Amon von No, Par'o und Mizraim, seine Götter und seine Könige, Par'o und die auf ihn vertrauen, 26und gebe sie in die Hand derer, die ihnen nach dem Leben trachten, und in die Hand Nebuchadrezzars, des Königs von Babel, und seiner Diener. Doch nachher wird es bestehen wie in den Tagen der Vorzeit, ist des Ewigen Spruch. 27Du aber, fürchte nicht, mein Knecht Jaakob, und bange nicht, Jisraël, denn sieh, ich rette dich aus der Ferne und deinen Samen aus dem Land ihrer Gefangenschaft. Und Jaakob kehrt zurück und bleibt in Ruh und Sicherheit, und keiner schreckt auf. 28Du, fürchte nicht, mein Knecht Jaakob, ist des Ewigen Spruch, denn mit dir bin ich. Denn ich mache garaus allen Völkern, unter die ich dich verstoßen, doch dir mach ich nicht garaus. Aber ich werde dich nach dem Recht züchtigen und dich nicht frei ausgehn lassen.»
Matthew Henry - Complete Commentary 1 The first verse is the title of that part of this book, which relates to the neighbouring nations, and follows here. It is
the word of the Lord which came to Jeremiah against the Gentiles; for God is King and Judge of nations, knows and will call to an account those who know him not nor take any notice of him. Both Isaiah and Ezekiel prophesied against these nations that Jeremiah here has a separate saying to, and with reference to the same events. In the Old Testament we have
the word of the Lord against
the Gentiles; in the New Testament we have
the word of the Lord for
the Gentiles, that those who were
afar off are made nigh. He begins with Egypt, because they were of old Israel's oppressors and of late their deceivers, when they put confidence in them. In these verses he foretells the overthrow of
the army of Pharaoh-necho, by Nebuchadnezzar,
in the fourth year of Jehoiakim, which was so complete a victory to the king of Babylon that thereby he recovered from the river of Egypt to
the river Euphrates, all that pertained to the king of Egypt, and so weakened him that he
came not again any more out of his land (as we find,
2Kgs 24:7), and so made him pay dearly for his expedition against the king of Assyria four years before, in which he slew Josiah,
2Kgs 23:29. This is the event that is here foretold in lofty expressions of triumph over Egypt thus foiled, which Jeremiah would speak of with a particular pleasure, because the death of Josiah, which he had lamented, was now avenged on Pharaoh-necho. Now here,
I. The Egyptians are upbraided with the mighty preparations they made for this expedition, in which the prophet calls to them to do their utmost, for so they would: Come then,
order the buckler, let the weapons of war be got ready,
Jer 46:3. Egypt was famous for
horses - let them be
harnessed and the cavalry well mounted:
Get up, you horsemen, and stand forth, etc.,
Jer 46:4. See what preparations the children of men make, with abundance of care and trouble and at a vast expense, to kill one another, as if they did not die fast enough of themselves. He compares their marching out upon this expedition to the rising of their river Nile (
Jer 46:7,
Jer 46:8):
Egypt now
rises up like a flood, scorning to keep within its own banks and threatening to overflow all the neighbouring lands. It is a very formidable army that the Egyptians bring into the field upon this occasion. The prophet summons them (
Jer 46:9):
Come up, you horses; rage, you chariots. He challenges them to bring all their confederate troops together,
the Ethiopians, that descended from the same stock with the Egyptians (
Gen 10:6), and were their neighbours and allies,
the Libyans and Lydians, both seated in Africa, to the west of Egypt, and from them the Egyptians fetched their auxiliary forces. Let them strengthen themselves with all the art and interest they have, yet it shall be all in vain; they shall be shamefully defeated notwithstanding, for God will fight against them, and against him
there is no wisdom nor counsel, Prov 21:30,
Prov 21:31. It concerns those that go forth to war not only to
order the buckler, and
harness the horses, but to repent of their sins, and pray to God for his presence with them, and that they may have it to keep themselves from every wicked thing.
II. They are upbraided with the great expectations they had from this expedition, which were quite contrary to what God intended in bringing them together. They knew their own thoughts, and God knew them, and sat in heaven and laughed at them,;
but they knew not the thoughts of the Lord, for he gathers them as sheaves into the floor, Mic 4:11,
Mic 4:12. Egypt saith (
Jer 46:8):
I will go up; I will cover the earth, and none shall hinder me;
I will destroy the city, whatever city it is that stands in my way. Like Pharaoh of old,
I will pursue, I will overtake. The Egyptians say that they shall have a day of it, but God saith that it shall be his day:
The is the day of the Lord God of hosts (
Jer 46:10), the day in which he will be exalted in the overthrow of the Egyptians. They meant one thing, but God meant another; they designed it for the advancement of their dignity and the enlargement of their dominion, but God designed it for the great abasement and weakening of their kingdom. It is
a day of vengeance for Josiah's death; it is a day of sacrifice to divine justice, to which multitudes of the sinners of Egypt shall fall as victims. Note, When men think to magnify themselves by pushing on unrighteous enterprises, let them expect that God will glorify himself by blasting them and cutting them off.
III. They are upbraided with their cowardice and inglorious flight when they come to an engagement (
Jer 46:5,
Jer 46:6):
Wherefore have I seen them, notwithstanding all these mighty and vast preparations and all these expressions of bravery and resolution, when the Chaldean army faces them,
dismayed, turned back, quite disheartened, and no spirit left in them. 1. They make a shameful retreat. Even
their mighty ones, who, one would think, should have stood their ground,
flee a flight, flee by consent, make the best of their way, flee in confusion and with the utmost precipitation; they have neither time nor heart to
look back, but
fear is round about them, for they apprehend it so. And yet, 2. They cannot make their escape. They have the shame of flying, and yet not the satisfaction of saving themselves by flight; they might as well have stood their ground and died upon the spot; for even
the swift shall not flee away. The lightness of their heels shall fail them when it comes to the trial, as well as the stoutness of their hearts; the
mighty shall not escape, nay, they
are beaten down and broken to pieces.
They shall stumble in their flight,
and fall towards the north, towards their enemy's country; for such confusion were they in when they took to their feet that instead of making homeward, as men usually do in that case, they made forward. Note,
The race is not to the swift nor the battle to the strong. Valiant men are not always victorious.
IV. They are upbraided with their utter inability ever to recover this blow, which should be fatal to their nation,
Jer 46:11,
Jer 46:12. The damsel,
the daughter of Egypt, that lived in great pomp and state, is sorely wounded by this defeat. Let her now seek for
balm in Gilead and physicians there; let her use all the medicines her wise men can prescribe for the healing of this hurt, and the repairing of the loss sustained by this defeat; but all in vain;
no cure shall be to them; they shall never be able to bring such a powerful army as this into the field again.
The nations that rang of thy glory and strength
have now
heard of thy shame, how shamefully thou wast routed and how thou are weakened by it. It needs not be spread by the triumphs of the conquerors, the shrieks and outcries of the conquered will proclaim it:
Thy cry hath filled the country about. For, when they fled several ways, one
mighty man stumbled upon another and dashed against another, such confusion were they in, so that
both together became a pray to the pursuers, an easy prey. A thousand such dreadful accidents there should be, which should fill the country with the cry of those that were overcome.
Let not the mighty man therefore
glory in his might, for the time may come when it will stand him in no stead.
13 In these verses we have,
I. Confusion and terror spoken to Egypt. The accomplishment of the prediction in the former part of the chapter disabled the Egyptians from making any attempts upon other nations; for what could they do when their army was routed? But still they remained strong at home, and none of their neighbours durst make any attempts upon them. Though the kings of Egypt came no more
out of their land (
2Kgs 24:7), yet they kept safe and easy in their land; and what would they desire more than peaceably to enjoy their own? One would think all men should be content to do this, and not covet to invade their neighbours. But the measure of Egypt's iniquity is full, and now they shall not long enjoy their own; those that encroached on others shall not be themselves encroached on. The scope of the prophecy here is to show
how the king of Babylon should shortly
come and smite the land of Egypt, and bring the war into their own bosoms which they had formerly carried into his borders,
Jer 46:13. This was fulfilled by the same hand with the former, even Nebuchadnezzar's, but many years after, twenty at least, and probably the prediction of it was long after the former prediction, and perhaps much about the same time with that other prediction of the same event which we had
Jer 43:10.
1. Here is the alarm of war sounded in Egypt, to their great amazement (
Jer 46:14), notice given to the country that the enemy is approaching,
the sword is devouring round about in the neighbouring countries, and therefore it is time for the Egyptians to put themselves in a posture of defence, to prepare for war, that they may give the enemy a warm reception. This must be proclaimed in all parts of Egypt, particularly in Migdol, Noph, and Tahpanhes, because in these places especially the Jewish refugees, or fugitives rather, had planted themselves, in contempt of God's command (
Jer 44:1), and let them hear what a sorry shelter Egypt is likely to be to them.
2. The retreat hereupon of the forces of other nations which the Egyptians had in their pay is here foretold. Some considerable number of those troops, it is probable, were posted upon the frontiers to guard them, where they were beaten off by the invaders and put to flights. Then were the
valiant men swept away (
Jer 46:15) as with
a sweeping rain (it is the word that is used
Prov 28:3); they can none of them stand their ground,
because the Lord drives them from their respective posts; he drives them by his terrors; he drives them by enabling the Chaldeans to drive them. It is not possible that those should fix whom the wrath of God chases. He it was (
Jer 46:16) that
made many to fall, yea, when their day shall come to fall, the enemy needs not throw them down, they shall
fall one upon another, every man shall be a stumbling-block to his fellow, to his follower; nay, if God please, they shall be made to
fall upon one another, they shall be made to
fall upon one another, every man's sword shall be
against his fellow. Her hired men, the troops Egypt has in he service, are indeed
in the midst of her like fatted bullocks, lusty men, able bodied and high spirited, who were likely for action and promised to make their part good against the enemy; but
they are turned back; their hearts failed them, and, instead of fighting, they have
fled away together. How could they withstand their fate when
the day of their calamity had come, the day in which God will visit them in wrath? Some think they are compared to fatted bullocks for their luxury; they had wantoned in pleasures, so that they were very unfit for hardships, and therefore turned back and could not stand. In this consternation, (1.) They all made homeward towards their own country (
Jer 46:16):
They said, Arise, and let us go again to our own people, where we may be safe
from the oppressing sword of the Chaldeans, that bears down all before it. In times of exigence little confidence is to be put in mercenary troops, that fight purely for pay, and have no interest in theirs whom they fight for. (2.) They exclaimed vehemently against Pharaoh, to whose cowardice or bad management, it is probably, their defeat was owing. When he posted them there upon the borders of his country it is probably that he told them he would within such a time come himself with a gallant army of his own subjects to support them; but he failed them, and, when the enemy advanced, they found they had none to back them, so that they were perfectly abandoned to the fury of the invaders. No marvel then that they quitted their post and deserted the service, crying out,
Pharaoh king of Egypt is but a noise (
Jer 46:17); he can hector, and talk big of the mighty things he would do, but that is all; he brings nothing to pass. All his promises to those in alliance with him, or that are employed for him, vanish into smoke. He brings not the succours he engaged to bring, or not till it is too late:
He has passed the time appointed; he did not keep his word, nor keep his day, and therefore they bid him farewell, they will never serve under him any more. Note, Those that make most noise in any business are frequently but a noise. Great talkers are little doers.
3. The formidable power of the Chaldean army is here described as bearing down all before it.
The King of kings,
whose name is the Lord of hosts, and before whom the mightiest kings on earth, though gods to us, are but as grasshoppers, he hath said it, he hath sworn it,
As I live, saith this
king, as Tabor overtops
the mountains and Carmel overlooks
the sea, so shall the king of Babylon overpower all the force of Egypt, such a command shall he have, such a sway shall he bear,
Jer 46:18. He and his
army shall come against Egypt
with axes, as hewers of wood (
Jer 46:22), and the Egyptians shall be no more able to resist them than the tree is to resist the man that comes with an axe to
cut it down; so that Egypt shall be felled as a
forest is
by the hewers of wood, which (if there by many of them, and those well provided with instruments for the purpose) will be done in a little time. Egypt is very populous, full of towns and cities, like a forest, the trees of which
cannot be searched or numbered, and very rich, full of hidden treasures, many of which will escape the searching eye of the Chaldean soldiers; but they shall make a great spoil in the country, for
they are more than the locusts, that come in vast swarms and overrun a country, devouring every green thing (
Joel 1:6,
Joel 1:7), so shall the Chaldeans do, for
they are innumerable. Note, The Lord of hosts hath numberless hosts at his command.
4. The desolation of Egypt hereby is foretold, and the waste that should be made of that rich country.
Egypt is now
like a very fair heifer, or calf (
Jer 46:20), fat and shining, and not
accustomed to the yoke of subjection, wanton as a heifer that is well fed, and very sportful. Some think here is an allusion to Apis, the bull or calf which the Egyptians worshipped, from whom the children of Israel learned to worship the golden calf. Egypt is as fair as a goddess, and adores herself,
but destruction comes; cutting up comes (so some read it);
it comes out of the north; thence the Chaldean soldiers shall come, as so many butchers or sacrificers, to kill and cut up this
fair heifer. (1.) The Egyptians shall be brought down, shall be tamed, and their tune changed:
The daughters of Egypt shall be confounded (
Jer 46:24), shall be filled with astonishment.
Their voice shall go like a serpent, that is, it shall be very low and submissive; they shall not low like a fair heifer, that makes a great noise, but hiss out of their holes like serpents. They shall not dare to make loud complaints of the cruelty of the conquerors, but vent their griefs in silent murmurs. They shall not now, as they used to do, answer roughly, but, with
the poor, use entreaties and beg for their lives. (2.) They shall be carried away prisoners into their enemy's land (
Jer 46:19):
O thou daughter! dwelling securely and delicately
in Egypt, that fruitful pleasant country, do not think this will last always, but
furnish thyself to go into captivity; instead of rich clothes, which will but tempt the enemy to strip thee, get plain and warm clothes; instead of fine shoes, provide strong ones; and inure thyself to hardship, that thou mayest bear it the better. Note, It concerns us, among all our preparations, to prepare for trouble. We provide for the entertainment of our friends, let us not neglect to provide for the entertainment of our enemies, nor among all our furniture omit furniture for captivity. The Egyptians must prepare to flee; for their cities shall be evacuated. Noph particularly
shall be desolate, without an inhabitant, so general shall the slaughter and the captivity be. There are some penalties which, we say, the king and the multitude are exempted from, but here even these are obnoxious:
The multitude of No shall be punished: it is called
populous No, Nahum 3:8.
Though hand join in hand, yet they shall not escape; nor can any think to go off in the crowd. Be they ever so many, they shall find God will be too many for them. Their kings and all their petty princes shall fall; and their gods too (
Jer 43:12,
Jer 43:13), their idols and their great men. Those which they call their tutelar deities shall be no protection to them. Pharaoh shall be brought down, and
all those that trust in him (
Jer 46:25), particularly the Jews that came to sojourn in his country, trusting in him rather than in God. All these shall be
delivered into the hands of the northern nations (
Jer 46:24), into the hand not only of Nebuchadnezzar that mighty potentate, but
into the hands of his servants, according to the curse on Ham's posterity, of which the Egyptians were, that they should be the
servants of servants. These seek their lives, and into their hands they shall be delivered.
5. An intimation is given that in process of time Egypt shall recover itself again (
Jer 46:26):
Afterwards it shall be inhabited, shall be peopled again, whereas by this destruction it was almost dispeopled. Ezekiel foretels that this should be at the end of forty years,
Ezek 29:13. See what changes the nations of the earth are subject to, how they are emptied and increased again; and let not nations that prosper be secure, nor those that for the present are in thraldom despair.
II. Comfort and peace are here spoken to the Israel of God,
Jer 46:27,
Jer 46:28. Some understand it of those whom the king of Egypt had carried into captivity with Jehoahaz, but we read not of any that were carried away captives with him; it may therefore rather refer to the captives in Babylon, whom God had mercy in store for, or, more generally, to all the people of God, designed for their encouragement in the most difficult times, when the judgments of God are abroad among the nations. We had these words of comfort before,
Jer 30:10,
Jer 30:11. 1. Let the wicked of the earth tremble, they have cause for it;
but fear not thou, O my servant Jacob! and be not dismayed, O Israel! and again,
Fear thou not, O Jacob! God would not have his people to be a timorous people. 2. The wicked of the earth
shall be put away like dross, not be looked after any more; but God's people, in order to their being saved, shall be found out and gathered though they be far off, shall be redeemed though they be held fast in captivity, and shall return. 3. The wicked
is like the troubled sea when it cannot rest; they
flee when none pursues. But Jacob, being at home in God,
shall be at rest and at ease, and none shall make him afraid; for
what time he is afraid he has a
God to trust to. 4. The wicked God
beholds afar off; but, wherever thou art,
O Jacob! I am with thee, a very present help. 5. A
full end shall be made of the nations that oppressed God's Israel, as Egypt and Babylon; but mercy shall be kept in store for the Israel of God: they shall be corrected, but not cast off; the correction shall be in measure, in respect of degree and continuance. Nations have their periods; the Jewish nation itself has come to an end as a nation; but the gospel church, God's spiritual Israel, still continues, and will to the end of time; in that this promise is to have its full accomplishment, that, though God correct it, he will never
make a full end of it.
