1Mezitím se shromáždil mnohatisícový dav, takže lidé po sobě šlapali. Ježíš promluvil především ke svým učedníkům: „Dávejte si pozor na farizejský kvas, jímž je pokrytectví. 2Není totiž nic skrytého, co nebude zjeveno, ani nic tajného, co nebude poznáno. 3Co jste říkali ve tmě, bude slyšet na světle, a co jste ve svých pokojích šeptali do ucha, se bude hlásat ze střech. 4Vám, svým přátelům, říkám: Nebojte se těch, kdo zabíjejí tělo a potom nemají, co by udělali víc. 5Ukážu vám, koho se máte bát: Bojte se Toho, který když zabije, má moc uvrhnout do pekla. Ano, říkám vám, Toho se bojte. 6Neprodává se snad pět vrabců za dva haléře? Přitom ani jeden z nich není před Bohem zapomenut. 7Vám jsou ale spočítány i všechny vlasy na hlavě! Proto se nebojte. Jste dražší než mnoho vrabců. 8Říkám vám: Kdokoli mě vyzná před lidmi, toho i Syn člověka vyzná před Božími anděly. 9Kdo mě ale před lidmi zapře, ten bude zapřen před Božími anděly. 10Každému, kdo řekne slovo proti Synu člověka, bude odpuštěno, ale tomu, kdo by se rouhal Duchu svatému, odpuštěno nebude. 11Když vás povedou do shromáždění a před vrchnosti a vlády, nestarejte se, čím a jak se máte hájit a co říkat. 12Duch svatý vás v tu chvíli naučí, co máte říci.“ 13Někdo z davu ho požádal: „Mistře, řekni mému bratrovi, ať se se mnou rozdělí o dědictví!“ 14„Člověče,“ odpověděl mu Ježíš, „kdo mě ustanovil vaším soudcem nebo rozhodčím?“ 15Tehdy všem řekl: „Dejte si pozor, varujte se veškeré chamtivosti! Život přece nespočívá v hromadění majetku.“ 16Potom jim vyprávěl podobenství: „Pole jednoho bohatého člověka přineslo hojnou úrodu. 17Přemýšlel: ‚Co si počnu? Vždyť nemám kam shromáždit úrodu!‘ 18Pak si řekl: ‚Udělám tohle – zbořím své stodoly, postavím větší a do nich shromáždím všechno své obilí a zásoby. 19Pak si budu moci říci: Podívej, máš spoustu zásob na spoustu let. Oddechni si, jez, pij, užívej!‘ 20Bůh mu ale řekl: ‚Ty blázne! Dnes v noci umřeš. Čí bude, co sis nachystal?‘ 21Tak je to, když někdo hromadí pro sebe, ale nebohatne v Bohu.“ 22Potom se obrátil ke svým učedníkům: „Říkám vám, nemějte starost o svůj život ani o své tělo – co budete jíst a co si oblečete. 23Život je přece víc než jídlo a tělo víc než oblečení. 24Podívejte se na havrany. Nesejí ani nežnou, nemají spíže ani stodoly, ale Bůh je živí. Čím větší cenu máte vy než ptáci! 25Copak si někdo z vás samými starostmi prodlouží život o jediný den? 26Když nezmůžete ani to nejmenší, proč se staráte o to ostatní? 27Podívejte se na lilie, jak rostou. Nepracují ani nepředou, ale říkám vám, že ani Šalomoun ve vší své slávě nebyl oblečen jako jedna z nich. 28Když Bůh takto obléká trávu, která je dnes na louce a zítra bude hozena do pece, čím spíše vás, vy malověrní?! 29Nezabývejte se tím, co budete jíst a co pít, ani se tím nezneklidňujte. 30Všechny ty věci vyhledávají pohané tohoto světa, ale váš Otec ví, že je potřebujete. 31Hledejte raději jeho království a toto vše vám bude přidáno. 32Neboj se, malé stádečko. Vašemu Otci se zalíbilo dát vám království. 33Prodávejte svůj majetek a dávejte chudým. Pořiďte si měšce, které nezchátrají, nehynoucí poklad v nebi, kam zloděj nepřijde a kde mol neničí. 34Vždyť kde je váš poklad, tam bude i vaše srdce.“ 35„Mějte přepásaná bedra a rozsvícené lampy. 36Buďte jako lidé očekávající, kdy se jejich pán vrátí ze svatby, aby mu otevřeli, hned jak přijde a zatluče. 37Blaze služebníkům, které pán při svém příchodu zastihne bdící. Amen, říkám vám, že se opáše zástěrou, posadí je za stůl, přistoupí a bude jim sloužit. 38Přijde-li uprostřed noci nebo před svítáním a zastihne je připravené, blaze jim. 39Pochopte, že kdyby hospodář věděl, v jakou hodinu má přijít zloděj, nedovolil by mu vloupat se do domu. 40Proto i vy buďte připraveni, neboť Syn člověka přijde v hodinu, o které netušíte.“ 41„Pane,“ zeptal se ho Petr, „říkáš to podobenství jen nám, nebo i všem ostatním?“ 42Pán odpověděl: „Kdo je ten věrný a moudrý správce, kterého pán ustanoví nad svým služebnictvem, aby jim v patřičný čas dával vyměřený pokrm? 43Blaze služebníku, kterého jeho pán při příchodu zastihne, že tak jedná. 44Vpravdě vám říkám, že ho ustanoví nad vším svým majetkem. 45Kdyby si ale ten služebník v srdci řekl: ‚Můj pán dlouho nejde‘ a začal by bít sluhy a služky a jíst, pít a opíjet se, 46pak jeho pán přijde v den, kdy to nečeká, a v hodinu, kterou nezná, odhalí ho a vykáže ven mezi nevěrné. 47Služebník, který znal vůli svého pána, ale nepřipravil se a nejednal podle jeho vůle, bude hodně bit. 48Ten, který ji neznal, bude bit méně, i když dělal trestuhodné věci. Komukoli je hodně dáno, od toho bude hodně vyžádáno. Komu svěřili hodně, od toho vyžádají víc. 49Přišel jsem na zem založit oheň a jak toužím, aby už hořel! 50Mám ale podstoupit křest a jak je mi úzko, dokud se nevykoná! 51Myslíte si, že jsem přišel, abych na zem přinesl pokoj? Říkám vám, ne pokoj, ale rozdělení! 52Od nynějška jich bude pět rozděleno v jednom domě: tři proti dvěma a dva proti třem. 53Otec bude proti synu a syn proti otci, matka proti dceři a dcera proti matce, tchyně proti snaše a snacha proti tchyni.“ 54Potom se obrátil k zástupům: „Když vidíte od západu přicházet oblak, hned říkáte: ‚Blíží se liják,‘ a je to tak. 55Když fouká jižní vítr, říkáte: ‚Bude horko,‘ a bývá. 56Pokrytci! Umíte rozeznat úkazy na zemi i na nebi; jak to, že nerozeznáte, jaký je teď čas? 57A proč ani sami nepoznáte, co je správné? 58Když jdeš se svým odpůrcem k vrchnosti, snaž se s ním cestou vypořádat. Jinak tě potáhne k soudci, soudce tě vydá biřici a biřic tě vsadí do vězení. 59Říkám ti: Nikdy odtud nevyjdeš, dokud nevrátíš poslední haléř.“
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 WARNING AGAINST HYPOCRISY. (
Лк 12:1-
Лк 12:12)
meantime--in close connection, probably, with the foregoing scene. Our Lord had been speaking out more plainly than ever before, as matters were coming to a head between Him and His enemies, and this seems to have suggested to His own mind the warning here. He had just Himself illustriously exemplified His own precepts.
his disciples first of all--afterwards to "the multitudes" (
Лк 12:54).
covered--from the view.
2 hid--from knowledge. "Tis no use concealing anything, for all will one day come out. Give free and fearless utterance then to all the truth." (Compare
1Кор 4:3,
1Кор 4:5).
4 I say, &c.--You will say, That may cost us our life. Be it so; but, "My friends, there their power ends." He calls them "my friends" here, not in any loose sense, but, as we think, from the feeling He then had that in this "killing of the body" He and they were going to be affectingly one with each other.
5 Fear Him . . . Fear Him--how striking the repetition here! Only the one fear would effectually expel the other.
after he hath killed, &c.--Learn here--(1) To play false with one's convictions to save one's life, may fail of its end after all, for God can inflict a violent death in some other and equally formidable way. (2) There is a hell, it seems, for the body as well as the soul; consequently, sufferings adapted to the one as well as the other. (3) Fear of hell is a divinely authorized and needed motive of action even to Christ's "friends." (4) As Christ's meekness and gentleness were not compromised by such harsh notes as these, so those servants of Christ lack their Master's spirit who soften down all such language to please ears "polite." (See on
Мр 9:43-
Мр 9:48).
6 five . . . for two farthings--In
Мф 10:29 it is "two for one farthing"; so if one took two farthings' worth, he got one in addition--of such small value were they.
than many sparrows--not "than millions of sparrows"; the charm and power of our Lord's teaching is very much in this simplicity.
8 confess . . . deny--The point lies in doing it "before men," because one has to do it "despising the shame." But when done, the Lord holds Himself bound to repay it in kind by confessing such "before the angels of God." For the rest, see on
Лк 9:26.
10 Son of man . . . Holy Ghost--(See on
Мф 12:31-
Мф 12:32).
13 COVETOUSNESS--WATCHFULNESS--SUPERIORITY TO EARTHLY TIES. (Luke 12:13-53)
Master, &c.--that is, "Great Preacher of righteousness, help; there is need of Thee in this rapacious world; here am I the victim of injustice, and that from my own brother, who withholds from me my rightful share of the inheritance that has fallen to us." In this most inopportune intrusion upon the solemnities of our Lord's teaching, there is a mixture of the absurd and the irreverent, the one, however, occasioning the other. The man had not the least idea that his case was not of as urgent a nature, and as worthy the attention of our Lord, as anything else He could deal with.
14 Man, &c.--Contrast this style of address with "my friends," (
Лк 12:4).
who, &c.--a question literally repudiating the office which Moses assumed (
Исх 2:14). The influence of religious teachers in the external relations of life has ever been immense, when only the INDIRECT effect of their teaching; but whenever they intermeddle DIRECTLY with secular and political matters, the spell of that influence is broken.
15 unto them--the multitude around Him (
Лк 12:1).
of covetousness--The best copies have "all," that is, "every kind of covetousness"; because as this was one of the more plausible forms of it, so He would strike at once at the root of the evil.
a man's life, &c.--a singularly weighty maxim, and not less so because its meaning and its truth are equally evident.
16 a certain rich man, &c.--Why is this man called a "fool?" (
Лк 12:20) (1) Because he deemed a life of secure and abundant earthly enjoyment the summit of human felicity. (2) Because, possessing the means of this, through prosperity in his calling, he flattered himself that he had a long lease of such enjoyment, and nothing to do but give himself up to it. Nothing else is laid to his charge.
20 this night, &c.--This sudden cutting short of his career is designed to express not only the folly of building securely upon the future, but of throwing one's whole soul into what may at any moment be gone. "Thy soul shall be required of thee" is put in opposition to his own treatment of it, "I will say to my soul, Soul," &c.
whose shall those things be, &c.--Compare
Псал 39:6, "He heapeth up riches and knoweth not who shall gather them."
21 So is he, &c.--Such is a picture of his folly here, and of its awful issue.
and is not rich toward God--lives to amass and enjoy riches which terminate on self, but as to the riches of God's favor, which is life (
Псал 30:5), of "precious" faith (
2Пет 1:1;
Иак 2:5), of good works (
1Тим 6:18), of wisdom which is better than rubies (
Прит 8:11) --lives and dies a beggar!
22 (See on
Мф 6:25-
Мф 6:33).
25 which of you, &c.--Corroding solicitude will not bring you the least of the things ye fret about, though it may double the evil of wanting them. And if not the least, why vex yourselves about things of more consequence?
29 of doubtful, &c.--unsettled mind; put off your balance.
32 little flock, &c.--How sublime and touching a contrast between this tender and pitying appellation, "Little flock" (in the original a double diminutive, which in German can be expressed, but not in English)--and the "good pleasure" of the Father to give them the Kingdom; the one recalling the insignificance and helplessness of that then literal handful of disciples, the other holding up to their view the eternal love that encircled them, the everlasting arms that were underneath them, and the high inheritance awaiting them!--"the kingdom"; grand word; then why not "bread" (
Лк 12:31 [BENGEL]). Well might He say, "Fear not!"
33 Sell, &c.--This is but a more vivid expression of
Мф 6:19-
Мф 6:21 (see on
Мф 6:19-
Мф 6:21).
35 loins . . . girded--to fasten up the long outer garment, always done before travel and work (
4Цар 4:29;
Деян 12:8). The meaning is, Be in readiness.
lights, &c.--(See on
Мф 25:1).
36 return from the wedding--not come to it, as in the parable of the virgins. Both have their spiritual significance; but preparedness for Christ's coming is the prominent idea.
37 gird himself, &c.--"a promise the most august of all: Thus will the Bridegroom entertain his friends (nay, servants) on the solemn Nuptial Day" [BENGEL].
38 second . . . third watch--To find them ready to receive Him at any hour of day or night, when one might least of all expect Him, is peculiarly blessed. A servant may be truly faithful, even though taken so far unawares that he has not everything in such order and readiness for his master's return as he thinks is due to him, and both could and would have had if he had had notice of the time of his coming, and so may not be willing to open to him "immediately," but fly to preparation, and let his master knock again ere he admit him, and even then not with full joy. A too common case this with Christians. But if the servant have himself and all under his charge in such a state that at any hour when his master knocks, he can open to him "immediately," and hail his "return"--that is the most enviable, "blessed" servant of all.
41 unto us or even to all?--us the Twelve, or all this vast audience?
42 Who then, &c.--answering the question indirectly by another question, from which they were left to gather what it would be:--To you certainly in the first instance, representing the "stewards" of the "household" I am about to collect, but generally to all "servants" in My house.
faithful and wise--Fidelity is the first requisite in a servant, wisdom (discretion and judgment in the exercise of his functions), the next.
steward--house steward, whose it was to distribute to the servants their allotted portion of food.
shall make--will deem fit to be made.
44 make him ruler over all he hath--will advance him to the highest post, referring to the world to come. (See
Мф 25:21,
Мф 25:23).
45 begin to beat, &c.--In the confidence that his Lord's return will not be speedy, he throws off the role of servant and plays the master, maltreating those faithful servants who refuse to join him, seizing on and revelling in the fulness of his master's board; intending, when he has got his fill, to resume the mask of fidelity ere his master appear.
46 cut him in sunder--a punishment not unknown in the East; compare
Евр 11:37, "sawn asunder" (
1Цар 15:33;
Дан 2:5).
the unbelievers--the unfaithful, those unworthy of trust (
Мф 24:51), "the hypocrites," falsely calling themselves "servants."
48 knew not--that is knew but partially; for some knowledge is presupposed both in the name "servant" of Christ, and his being liable to punishment at all.
many . . . few stripes--degrees of future punishment proportioned to the knowledge sinned against. Even heathens are not without knowledge enough for future judgment; but the reference here is not to such. It is a solemn truth, and though general, like all other revelations of the future world, discloses a tangible and momentous principle in its awards.
49 to send--cast.
fire--"the higher spiritual element of life which Jesus came to introduce into this earth (compare
Мф 3:11), with reference to its mighty effects in quickening all that is akin to it and destroying all that is opposed. To cause this element of life to take up its abode on earth, and wholly to pervade human hearts with its warmth, was the lofty destiny of the Redeemer" [OLSHAUSEN: so CALVIN, STIER, ALFORD, &c.].
what will I, &c.--an obscure expression, uttered under deep and half-smothered emotion. In its general import all are agreed; but the nearest to the precise meaning seems to be, "And what should I have to desire if it were once already kindled?" [BENGEL and BLOOMFIELD].
50 But . . . a baptism, &c.--clearly, His own bloody baptism, first to take place.
how . . . straitened--not, "how do I long for its accomplishment," as many understand it, thus making it but a repetition of
Лк 12:49; but "what a pressure of spirit is upon Me."
till it be accomplished--till it be over. Before a promiscuous audience, such obscure language was fit on a theme like this; but oh, what surges of mysterious emotion in the view of what was now so near at hand does it reveal!
51 peace . . . ? Nay, &c.--the reverse of peace, in the first instance. (See on
Мф 10:34-
Мф 10:36.) The connection of all this with the foregoing warnings about hypocrisy, covetousness, and watchfulness, is deeply solemn: "My conflict hasten apace; Mine over, yours begins; and then, let the servants tread in their Master's steps, uttering their testimony entire and fearless, neither loving nor dreading the world, anticipating awful wrenches of the dearest ties in life, but looking forward, as I do, to the completion of their testimony, when, reaching the haven after the tempest, they shall enter into the joy of their Lord."
54 NOT DISCERNING THE SIGNS OF THE TIME. (
Лк 12:54-
Лк 12:59)
to the people--"the multitude," a word of special warning to the thoughtless crowd, before dismissing them. (See on
Мф 16:2-
Мф 16:3).
56 how . . . not discern, &c.--unable to perceive what a critical period that was for the Jewish Church.
57 why even of yourselves, &c.--They might say, To do this requires more knowledge of Scripture and providence than we possess; but He sends them to their own conscience, as enough to show them who He was, and win them to immediate discipleship.
58 When thou goest, &c.--(See on
Мф 5:25-
Мф 5:26). The urgency of the case with them, and the necessity, for their own safety, of immediate decision, was the object of these striking words.