1Slova Chilkijahuova syna Jeremiáše, jednoho z kněží usedlých v Anatotu, na Benjaminově území. 2Jemu se ozývalo Jahvovo slovo za dnů judského krále, Amonova syna Josiáše, v třináctém roce jeho vlády; 3pak za dnů judského krále, Josiášova syna Jojakima; až do konce jedenáctého roku judského krále, Josiášova syna Sedechiáše, až do odvlečení z Jeruzaléma v pátém měsíci. 4Jahvovo slovo se mi ozvalo takto: 5Ještě než jsem tě utvořil v matčině životě, znal jsem tě; ještě než jsi vyšel z lůna, posvětil jsem tě; prorokem národů jsem tě ustanovil. 6Tu jsem řekl: „Ach, Jahve, Pane, opravdu neumím mluvit, vždyť jsem dítě!“ 7Ale Jahve odpověděl. Neříkej: „Jsem dítě!“ Neboť ke všem, ke kterým tě pošlu, půjdeš a vše, co ti nařídím, řekneš. 8Nijak se před nimi nestrachuj, vždyť jsem s tebou a vysvobodím tě, Jahvův výrok. 9Pak Jahve vztáhl ruku a dotkl se mých úst; a Jahve mi řekl: Hle, vložil jsem svá slova do tvých úst. 10Hleď! Ještě dnes tě ustanovuji nad národy a královstvími, abys vytrhával a převracel, abys vyhlazoval a bořil, abys stavěl a sázel. 11Jahvovo slovo se mi ozvalo takto: „Co vidíš, Jeremiáši?“ Odpověděl jsem: „Vidím větev ‘bdícího stromu’.“ 12Tu mi Jahve řekl: „Správně jsi viděl, neboť já bdím nad svým slovem, abych je splnil.“ 13Podruhé se mi Jahvovo slovo ozvalo takto: „Co vidíš?“ Odpověděl jsem: „Vidím hrnec, v němž to vře; rozšklebený od severu.“ 14Tu mi Jahve řekl: Právě od severu se rozleje neštěstí na všechny obyvatele země; 15neboť hle, svolávám všechny rodiny severních království, Jahvův výrok. Přijdou a každý si postaví trůn u vchodu do jeruzalémských bran, proti jeho hradbám, kol dokola, a proti všem judským městům. 16Vynesu své rozsudky proti nim za všechnu jejich zlovolnost, vždyť mě opustili, pálili kadidlo jiným bohům, klaněli se před dílem svých rukou. 17Ty pak si opášeš bedra, povstaneš, řekneš jim vše, co ti nařídím já. Nechvěj se před nimi, jinak způsobím, že se před nimi chvět budeš. 18Hle, já jsem tě už dnes ustanovil opevněným městem, železným sloupem a bronzovou hradbou před celou zemí: před králi Judska, jeho knížaty, jeho kněžími a lidem země. 19Oni proti tobě budou bojovat, ale nic proti tobě nezmohou, vždyť jsem s tebou - Jahvův výrok - a vysvobodím tě.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 (
Jer 1:1-
Jer 1:3, probably prefixed by Jeremiah, when he collected his prophecies and gave them to his countrymen to take with them to Babylon [MICHAELIS])
Anathoth--a town in Benjamin, twenty stadia, that is, two or three miles north of Jerusalem; now Anata (compare
Is 10:30, and the context,
Is 10:28-
Is 10:32). One of the four cities allotted to the Kohathites in Benjamin (
Jos 21:18). Compare
1R 2:26-27; a stigma was cast thenceforth on the whole sacerdotal family resident there; this may be alluded to in the words here, "the priests . . . in Anathoth." God chooses "the weak, base, and despised things . . . to confound the mighty."
2 Jehoiakim . . . Josiah . . . Zedekiah--Jehoahaz and Jehoiachin are omitted for they reigned only three months each. The first and last of the kings under whom each prophet prophesied are often thus specified in the general title. See on these kings, and Jeremiah's life, my Introduction.
thirteenth . . . of his reign-- (
Jer 25:3).
fifth month-- (
2R 25:8).
4 Jeremiah's call to the prophetical office.
unto me--other manuscripts read "to him"; but English Version probably represents the true Hebrew text; this inscription was doubtless made by Jeremiah himself.
5 knew--approved of thee as My chosen instrument (
Ex 33:12,
Ex 33:17; compare
Is 49:1,
Is 49:5;
Rm 8:29).
sanctified--rather, "separated." The primary meaning is, "to set apart" from a common to a special use; hence arose the secondary sense, "to sanctify," ceremonially and morally. It is not here meant that Jehovah cleansed Jeremiah from original sin or regenerated him by His Spirit; but separated him to his peculiar prophetical office, including in its range, not merely the Hebrews, but also the nations hostile to them (Jer. 25:12-38; 27:1-21; 46:1-51:64), [HENDERSON]. Not the effect, but the predestination in Jehovah's secret counsel, is meant by the sanctification here (compare
Lc 1:15,
Lc 1:41;
Hch 15:18;
Gá 1:15;
Ef 1:11).
6 From the long duration of his office (
Jer 1:2-
Jer 1:3;
Jer 40:1, &c.;
Jer 43:8, &c.), it is supposed that he was at the time of his call under twenty-five years of age.
child--the same word is translated, "young man" (
2S 18:5). The reluctance often shown by inspired ministers of God (
Ex 4:10;
Ex 6:12,
Ex 6:30;
Jon 1:3) to accept the call, shows that they did not assume the office under the impulse of self-deceiving fanaticism, as false prophets often did.
7 to all that--to all "to whom" [ROSENMULLER]. Rather, "to all against whom"; in a hostile sense (compare
Jer 1:8,
Jer 1:17-
Jer 1:19) [MAURER]. Such was the perversity of the rulers and people of Judea at that time, that whoever would desire to be a faithful prophet needed to arm himself with an intrepid mind; Jeremiah was naturally timid and sensitive; yet the Spirit moulded him to the necessary degree of courage without taking away his peculiar individuality.
8 (
Ez 2:6;
Ez 3:9).
I am with thee-- (
Ex 3:12;
Jos 1:5).
9 touched my mouth--a symbolical act in supernatural vision, implying that God would give him utterance, notwithstanding his inability to speak (
Jer 1:6). So Isaiah's lips were touched with a living coal (
Is 6:7; compare
Ez 2:8-
Ez 2:10;
Dn 10:16).
10 set thee over--literally, "appointed thee to the oversight." He was to have his eye upon the nations, and to predict their destruction, or restoration, according as their conduct was bad or good. Prophets are said to do that which they foretell shall be done; for their word is God's word; and His word is His instrument whereby He doeth all things (
Gn 1:3;
Sal 33:6,
Sal 33:9). Word and deed are one thing with Him. What His prophet saith is as certain as if it were done. The prophet's own consciousness was absorbed into that of God; so closely united to God did he feel himself, that Jehovah's words and deeds are described as his. In
Jer 31:28, God is said to do what Jeremiah here is represented as doing (compare
Jer 18:7;
1R 19:17;
Ez 43:3).
root out-- (
Mt 15:13).
pull down--change of metaphor to architecture (
2Co 10:4). There is a play on the similar sounds, lintbosh, linthotz, in the Hebrew for "root out . . . pull down."
build . . . plant--restore upon their repenting. His predictions were to be chiefly, and in the first instance, denunciatory; therefore the destruction of the nations is put first, and with a greater variety of terms than their restoration.
11 rod--shoot, or branch.
almond tree--literally, "the wakeful tree," because it awakes from the sleep of winter earlier than the other trees, flowering in January, and bearing fruit in March; symbol of God's early execution of His purpose;
Jer 1:12, "hasten My word" (compare
Am 8:3).
12 hasten--rather, "I will be wakeful as to My word," &c.; alluding to
Jer 1:11, "the wakeful tree" [MAURER].
13 Another vision, signifying what is the "word" about to be "performed," and by what instrumentality.
seething--literally, "blown under"; so boiling by reason of the flame under it kept brisk by blowing. An Oriental symbol of a raging war.
toward--rather, "from the north." Literally, "from the face of the region situated towards the north" (compare
Jer 1:14-
Jer 1:15) [MAURER]. The pot in the north rested on one side, its mouth being about to pour forth its contents southwards, namely, on Judea. Babylon, though east of Judea, was regarded by the Hebrews as north, because they appropriated the term "east" to Arabia-Deserta, stretching from Palestine to the Euphrates; or rather [BOCHART], the reference here is not to the site, but to the route of the Babylonians; not being able to cross the desert, they must enter the Holy Land by the northern frontier, through Riblah in Hamath (
Jer 39:5;
Jer 52:9).
14 break forth--"shall disclose itself."
Out of the north-- (
Jer 4:6;
Jer 6:1,
Jer 6:22;
Jer 10:22;
Jer 25:9;
Ez 26:7). The Chaldeans did not cast off the yoke of Assyria till several years after, under Nabopolassar, 625 B.C.; but long previously they had so increased as to threaten Assyria, which was now grown weak, and other neighboring peoples.
15 families--the tribes or clans composing the various kingdoms of Babylon; the specification of these aggravates the picture of calamity (
Jer 25:9).
throne at . . . gates--the usual place of administering justice. The conquering princes will set up their tribunal there (
Jer 39:3,
Jer 39:5;
Jer 52:9). Or the reference is to the military pavilion (
Jer 43:10) [MAURER].
16 utter--pronounce. The judicial sentences, pronounced against the Jews by the invading princes, would be virtually the "judgments of God" (
Is 10:5).
works--idols.
17 gird . . . loins--resolutely prepare for thy appointed task. Metaphor from the flowing robes worn in the East, which have to be girt up with a girdle, so as not to incommode one, when undertaking any active work (
Job 38:3;
Lc 12:35;
1P 1:13).
dismayed . . . confound--the same Hebrew word; literally, "to break." Be not dismayed at their faces (before them), lest I make thee dismayed before their faces (before them), that is, "lest I should permit thee to be overcome by them" (compare
Jer 49:37).
18 defenced city, &c.--that is, I will give thee strength which no power of thine enemies shall overcome (
Jer 6:27;
Jer 15:20;
Is 50:7;
Is 54:17;
Lc 21:15;
Hch 6:10).
walls--plural, to express the abundant strength to be given him. DE ROSSI'S'S manuscripts read singular, "wall."
people of the land--the general masses, as distinguished from the princes and priests.
Probably in the thirteenth year of the reign of Josiah (
Jer 1:2; compare
Jer 3:6, "also . . . in . . . days of Josiah"). The warning not to rely as they did on Egypt (
Jer 2:18), was in accordance with Josiah's policy, who took part with Assyria and Babylon against Egypt (
2R 23:29). Jeremiah, doubtless, supported the reformation begun by Josiah, in the previous year (the twelfth of his reign), and fully carried out in the eighteenth.