1Ó nemoudří Galatští, kdo vás tak zmámil, abyste nebyli povolni pravdě, kterýmž před očima Ježíš Kristus prvé byl vypsán, a mezi vámi ukřižován? 2Toto bych jen rád chtěl zvěděti od vás, z skutků-li zákona Ducha jste přijali, čili z slyšení víry? 3Tak nemoudří jste? Počavše Duchem, nyní tělem konáte? 4Tak mnoho trpěli jste nadarmo? A ještě nadarmo-li. 5Ten tedy, kterýž vám dává Ducha, a činí divy mezi vámi, z skutků-li zákona, čili z slyšení víry? 6Jako Abraham uvěřil Bohu, a počteno jemu to k spravedlnosti. 7A tak vidíte, že ti, kteříž jsou z víry, ti jsou synové Abrahamovi. 8Předzvěděvši pak písmo, že z víry ospravedlňuje pohany Bůh, předpovědělo Abrahamovi: Že v tobě budou požehnáni všickni národové. 9A tak ti, kteříž jsou z víry, docházejí požehnání s věrným Abrahamem. 10Kteříž pak koli z skutků zákona jsou, pod zlořečenstvím jsou. Nebo psáno jest: Zlořečený každý, kdož nezůstává ve všem, což jest psáno v knize zákona, aby to plnil. 11A že z zákona nebývá žádný ospravedlněn před Bohem, zjevné jest, nebo spravedlivý z víry živ bude. 12Zákon pak není z víry, ale: Ten člověk, kterýž by plnil je, živ bude skrze ně. 13Ale vykoupilť nás Kristus z zlořečenství zákona, učiněn byv pro nás zlořečenstvím, (nebo psáno jest: Zlořečený každý, kdož visí na dřevě), 14Aby na pohany to požehnání Abrahamovo přišlo v Kristu Ježíši, a abychom zaslíbení Ducha přijali skrze víru. 15Bratří, po lidsku pravím: Však utvrzené člověka smlouvy žádný neruší, aniž k ní co přidává. 16Abrahamovi pak učiněna jsou zaslíbení, i semeni jeho. Nedí: A semenům, jako o mnohých, ale jako o jednom: A semenu tvému, jenž jest Kristus. 17Totoť pak pravím: Že smlouvy prvé od Boha stvrzené, vztahující se k Kristu, zákon, kterýž po čtyřech stech a po třidcíti letech začal se, nevyprazdňuje, aby slib Boží v nic obrátil. 18Nebo jestližeť z zákona dědictví, již ne z zaslíbení. Ale Abrahamovi skrze zaslíbení Bůh daroval. 19Což pak zákon? Pro přestupování ustanoven jest, dokudž by nepřišlo to símě, jemuž se stalo zaslíbení, způsobený skrze anděly v ruce prostředníka. 20Ale prostředník není jednoho, Bůh pak jeden jest. 21Tedy zákon jest proti slibům Božím? Odstup to. Nebo kdyby byl zákon dán, kterýž by mohl obživiti, jistě z zákona byla by spravedlnost. 22Ale zavřelo písmo všecky pod hřích, aby zaslíbení z víry Jezukristovy dáno bylo věřícím. 23Prvé pak, než přišla víra, pod zákonem byli jsme ostříháni, zavříni jsouce k té víře, kteráž potom měla zjevena býti. 24A tak zákon pěstounem naším byl k Kristu, abychom z víry ospravedlněni byli. 25Ale když přišla víra, již nejsme pod pěstounem. 26Všickni zajisté synové Boží jste v Kristu Ježíši skrze víru. 27Nebo kteřížkoli v Krista pokřtěni jste, Krista jste oblékli. 28Neníť ani Žid, ani Řek, ani slouha, ani svobodný, ani muž, ani žena. Nebo všickni vy jedno jste v Kristu Ježíši. 29A když Kristovi jste, tedy símě Abrahamovo jste, a podlé zaslíbení dědicové.
Matthew Henry - Concise Commentary 1 Several things made the folly of the Galatian Christians worse. They had the doctrine of the cross preached, and the Lord's supper administered among them, in both which Christ crucified, and the nature of his sufferings, had been fully and clearly set forth. Had they been made partakers of the Holy Spirit, by the ministration of the law, or on account of any works done by them in obedience thereto? Was it not by their hearing and embracing the doctrine of faith in Christ alone for justification? Which of these had God owned with tokens of his favour and acceptance? It was not by the first, but the last. And those must be very unwise, who suffer themselves to be turned away from the ministry and doctrine which have been blessed to their spiritual advantage. Alas, that men should turn from the all-important doctrine of Christ crucified, to listen to useless distinctions, mere moral preaching, or wild fancies! The god of this world, by various men and means, has blinded men's eyes, lest they should learn to trust in a crucified Saviour. We may boldly demand where the fruits of the Holy Spirit are most evidently brought forth? whether among those who preach justification by the works of the law, or those who preach the doctrine of faith? Assuredly among the latter.
6 The apostle proves the doctrine he had blamed the Galatians for rejecting; namely, that of justification by faith without the works of the law. This he does from the example of Abraham, whose faith fastened upon the word and promise of God, and upon his believing he was owned and accepted of God as a righteous man. The Scripture is said to foresee, because the Holy Spirit that indited the Scripture did foresee. Through faith in the promise of God he was blessed; and it is only in the same way that others obtain this privilege. Let us then study the object, nature, and effects of Abraham's faith; for who can in any other way escape the curse of the holy law? The curse is against all sinners, therefore against all men; for all have sinned, and are become guilty before God: and if, as transgressors of the law, we are under its curse, it must be vain to look for justification by it. Those only are just or righteous who are freed from death and wrath, and restored into a state of life in the favour of God; and it is only through faith that persons become righteous. Thus we see that justification by faith is no new doctrine, but was taught in the church of God, long before the times of the gospel. It is, in truth, the only way wherein any sinners ever were, or can be justified. Though deliverance is not to be expected from the law, there is a way open to escape the curse, and regain the favour of God, namely, through faith in Christ. Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law; being made sin, or a sin-offering, for us, he was made a curse for us; not separated from God, but laid for a time under the Divine punishment. The heavy sufferings of the Son of God, more loudly warn sinners to flee from the wrath to come, than all the curses of the law; for how can God spare any man who remains under sin, seeing that he spared not his own Son, when our sins were charged upon him? Yet at the same time, Christ, as from the cross, freely invites sinners to take refuge in him.
15 The covenant God made with Abraham, was not done away by the giving the law to Moses. The covenant was made with Abraham and his Seed. It is still in force; Christ abideth for ever in his person, and his spiritual seed, who are his by faith. By this we learn the difference between the promises of the law and those of the gospel. The promises of the law are made to the person of every man; the promises of the gospel are first made to Christ, then by him to those who are by faith ingrafted into Christ. Rightly to divide the word of truth, a great difference must be put between the promise and the law, as to the inward affections, and the whole practice of life. When the promise is mingled with the law, it is made nothing but the law. Let Christ be always before our eyes, as a sure argument for the defence of faith, against dependence on human righteousness.
19 If that promise was enough for salvation, wherefore then serveth the law? The Israelites, though chosen to be God's peculiar people, were sinners as well as others. The law was not intended to discover a way of justification, different from that made known by the promise, but to lead men to see their need of the promise, by showing the sinfulness of sin, and to point to Christ, through whom alone they could be pardoned and justified. The promise was given by God himself; the law was given by the ministry of angels, and the hand of a mediator, even Moses. Hence the law could not be designed to set aside the promise. A mediator, as the very term signifies, is a friend that comes between two parties, and is not to act merely with and for one of them. The great design of the law was, that the promise by faith of Jesus Christ, might be given to those that believe; that, being convinced of their guilt, and the insufficiency of the law to effect a righteousness for them, they might be persuaded to believe on Christ, and so obtain the benefit of the promise. And it is not possible that the holy, just, and good law of God, the standard of duty to all, should be contrary to the gospel of Christ. It tends every way to promote it.
23 The law did not teach a living, saving knowledge; but, by its rites and ceremonies, especially by its sacrifices, it pointed to Christ, that they might be justified by faith. And thus it was, as the word properly signifies, a servant, to lead to Christ, as children are led to school by servants who have the care of them, that they might be more fully taught by Him the true way of justification and salvation, which is only by faith in Christ. And the vastly greater advantage of the gospel state is shown, under which we enjoy a clearer discovery of Divine grace and mercy than the Jews of old. Most men continue shut up as in a dark dungeon, in love with their sins, being blinded and lulled asleep by Satan, through wordly pleasures, interests, and pursuits. But the awakened sinner discovers his dreadful condition. Then he feels that the mercy and grace of God form his only hope. And the terrors of the law are often used by the convincing Spirit, to show the sinner his need of Christ, to bring him to rely on his sufferings and merits, that he may be justified by faith. Then the law, by the teaching of the Holy Spirit, becomes his loved rule of duty, and his standard for daily self-examination. In this use of it he learns to depend more simply on the Saviour.
26 Real Christians enjoy great privileges under the gospel; and are no longer accounted servants, but sons; not now kept at such a distance, and under such restraints as the Jews were. Having accepted Christ Jesus as their Lord and Saviour, and relying on him alone for justification and salvation, they become the sons of God. But no outward forms or profession can secure these blessings; for if any man have not the Spirit of Christ, he is none of his. In baptism we put on Christ; therein we profess to be his disciples. Being baptized into Christ, we are baptized into his death, that as he died and rose again, so we should die unto sin, and walk in newness and holiness of life. The putting on of Christ according to the gospel, consists not in outward imitation, but in a new birth, an entire change. He who makes believers to be heirs, will provide for them. Therefore our care must be to do the duties that belong to us, and all other cares we must cast upon God. And our special care must be for heaven; the things of this life are but trifles. The city of God in heaven, is the portion or child's part. Seek to be sure of that above all things.