1Toto je Ezauovo, totiž Edomovo potomstvo. 2Ezau si vzal ženy z kanaánských dcer: Adu, dceru Chetity Elona; Oholibamu, dceru Any, syna Chority Sibeona; 3Izmaelovu dceru Basmat, sestru Nebajotovu. 4Ada Ezauovi porodila Elifaze, Basmat porodila Reuela, 5Oholibama porodila Jeuše, Jalama a Koracha. To jsou Ezauovi synové, kteří se mu narodili v kanaánské zemi. 6Ezau vzal své ženy, syny a dcery, všechny lidi ze svého domu, dobytek a všechny soumary, zkrátka veškerý majetek, jejž získal v kanaánské zemi, a odešel do země Seir, daleko od svého bratra Jakuba. 7Měli totiž oba příliš rozsáhlé majetky, než aby mohli bydlet pospolu, a země, kde pobývali, jim nemohla vzhledem k jejich jmění stačit. 8A tak se Ezau usadil v pohoří Seir. Ezau je Edom. 9Toto je potomstvo praotce Edomu Ezaua v pohoří Seir. 10Toto jsou jména Ezauových synů: Elifaz, syn Ezauovy ženy Ady, a Reuel, syn Ezauovy ženy Basmat. 11Elifazovi synové byli: Teman, Omar, Sefo, Gatam, Kenaz. 12Ezauův syn Elifaz měl vedlejší ženu Timnu a ta mu porodila Amaleka. To jsou synové Ezauovy ženy Ady. 13Toto jsou Reuelovi synové: Nachat, Zerach, Šama, Miza. To byli synové Ezauovy ženy Basmat. 14Toto jsou synové Ezauovy ženy Oholibamy, dcery Sibeonova syna Any: porodila Ezauovi Jeuše, Jalama a Koracha. 15Toto jsou náčelníci Ezauových synů: Synové Ezauova prvorozence Elifaza: náčelník Teman, náčelník Omar, náčelník Sefo, náčelník Kenaz, 16náčelník Gatam, náčelník Amalek. To jsou náčelníci v edomské zemi pocházející od Elifaza, to jsou Adini synové. 17A toto jsou synové Ezauova syna Reuela: náčelník Nachat, náčelník Zerach, náčelník Šama, náčelník Miza. To jsou náčelníci v edomské zemi pocházející od Reuela, to jsou synové Ezauovy ženy Basmat. 18A toto jsou synové Ezauovy ženy Oholibamy: náčelník Jeuš, náčelník Jalam, náčelník Korach. To jsou náčelníci pocházející od Ezauovy ženy a Anovy dcery Oholibamy. 19To jsou Ezauovi synové a to jsou jejich náčelníci. To je Edom. 20Toto jsou domorodci oné země, synové Chority Seira: Lotan, Šobal, Sibeon, Ana, 21Dišon, Eser, Dišan, to jsou náčelníci Choritů v edomské zemi, Seirovi synové. 22Lotanovi synové byli: Chori a Hemam a Lotanova sestra byla Timna. 23Toto jsou Šobalovi synové: Alvan, Manachat, Ebal, Šefo, Onam. 24Toto jsou Sibeonovi synové: Aja a Ana - to je onen Ana, který na poušti nalezl, když pásl osly svého otce Sibeona, prameny horké vody. 25Toto jsou Anovy děti: Dišon, Oholibama, Anova dcera. 26Toto jsou Dišonovi synové: Chemdan, Ešban, Jitran, Keran. 27Toto jsou Eserovi synové: Bilhan, Zaavan, Akan. 28Toto jsou Dišanovi synové: Us a Aran. 29Toto jsou náčelníci Choritů: náčelník Lotan, náčelník Šobal, náčelník Sibeon, náčelník Ana, 30náčelník Dišon, náčelník Eser, náčelník Dišan. To jsou podle svých rodů náčelníci Choritů v zemi Seir. 31Toto jsou králové, kteří panovali v edomské zemi, dříve než panoval kterýkoli král Izraelitů. 32V Edomu panoval Beorův syn Bela a jeho město se jmenovalo Dinhaba. 33Bela zemřel a na jeho místě panoval Zerachův syn Jobab z Bosry. 34Jobab zemřel a na jeho místě panoval Chušam z temanské země. 35Chušam zemřel a na jeho místě panoval Bedadův syn Hadad, který porazil v moabském tažení Madianity a jehož město se jmenovalo Avit. 36Hadad zemřel a na jeho místě panoval Samla z Masreky. 37Samla zemřel a na jeho místě panoval Šaul z Rechobot-Naharu. 38Šaul zemřel a na jeho místě panoval Akborův syn Baal-Chanan. 39Akborův syn Baal-Chanan zemřel a na jeho místě panoval Hadad; jeho město se jmenovalo Pau; jeho žena se jmenovala Mehetabeel, dcera Matreda z Me-Zahabu. 40Toto jsou jména Ezauových náčelníků podle jejich rodů, jejich míst, jejich jmen: náčelník Timna, náčelník Alva, náčelník Jetet, 41náčelník Oholibama, náčelník Ela, náčelník Pinon, 42náčelník Kenaz, náčelník Teman, náčelník Mibsar, 43náčelník Magdiel, náčelník Iram. To jsou edomští náčelníci podle svých sídel v zemi, jež je jejich vlastnictvím. To je otec Edomu Ezau.
Matthew Henry - Complete Commentary 1 Observe here, 1. Concerning Esau himself,
Gen 36:1. He is called
Edom (and again,
Gen 36:8), that name by which was perpetuated the remembrance of the foolish bargain he made, when he sold his birthright for
that red, that red pottage. The very mention of that name is enough to intimate the reason why his family is turned off with such a short account. Note, If men do a wrong thing they must thank themselves, when it is, long afterwards, remembered against them to their reproach. 2. Concerning his wives, and the children they bore him in the land of Canaan. He had three wives, and, by them all, but five sons: many a one has more by one wife. God in his providence often disappoints those who take indirect courses to build up a family; yet here the promise prevailed, and Esau's family was built up. 3. Concerning his removal to mount Seir, which was the country God had given him for a possession, when he reserved Canaan for the seed of Jacob. God owns it, long afterwards:
I gave to Esau mount Seir (
Deut 2:5;
Josh 24:4), which was the reason why the Edomites must not be disturbed in their possession. Those that have not a right by promise, such as Jacob had, to Canaan, may have a very good title by providence to their estates, such as Esau had to mount Seir. Esau had begun to settle among his wives' relations, in Seir, before Jacob came from Padan-aram,
Gen 32:3. Isaac, it is likely, had sent him thither (as Abraham in his life-time had sent the sons of the concubines from Isaac his son into the east country,
Gen 25:6), that Jacob might have the clearer way made for him to the possession of the promised land. During the life of Isaac, however, Esau had probably still some effects remaining in Canaan; but, after his death, he wholly withdrew to mount Seir, took with him what came to his share of his father's personal estate, and left Canaan to Jacob, not only because he had the promise of it, but because Esau perceived that if they should continue to thrive as they had begun there would not be room for both.
Thus dwelt Esau in Mount Seir, Gen 36:8. Note, Whatever opposition may be made, God's word will be accomplished, and even those that have opposed it will see themselves, some time or other, under a necessity of yielding to it, and acquiescing in it. Esau had struggled for Canaan, but now he tamely retires to mount Seir; for God's counsels shall certainly stand, concerning the times before appointed, and the bounds of our habitation.
9 Observe here, 1. That only the names of Esau's sons and grandsons are recorded, only their names, not their history; for it is the church that Moses preserves the records of, not the record of those that are without. Those elders that lived by faith alone obtained a good report. It is Sion that produces men of renown, not Seir,
Pss 87:5. Nor does the genealogy go any further than the third and fourth generation; the very names of all after are buried in oblivion. It is only the pedigree of the Israelites, who were to be the heirs of Canaan, and of whom were to come the promised seed, and the holy seed, that is drawn out to any length, as far as there was occasion for it, even of all the tribes till Canaan was divided among them, and of the royal line till Christ came. 2. That these sons and grandsons of Esau are called
dukes, Gen 36:15-
Gen 36:19. Probably they were military commanders, dukes, or captains, that had soldiers under them; for Esau and his family lived
by the sword, Gen 27:40. Note, Titles of honour have been more ancient out of the church than in it. Esau's sons were dukes when Jacob's sons were but plain shepherds,
Gen 47:3. This is not a reason why such titles should not be used among Christians; but it is a reason why men should not overvalue themselves, or others, for the sake of them. There is an honour that comes from God, and a name in his house that is infinitely more valuable. Edomites may be dukes with men, but Israelites indeed are made to our God kings and priests. 3. We may suppose those dukes had numerous families of children and servants that were their dukedoms. God promised to multiply Jacob, and to enrich him; yet Esau increases, and is enriched first. Note, It is no new thing for the men of this world to be full of children, and to have their bellies too
filled with hidden treasures, Pss 17:14. God's promise to Jacob began to work late, but the effect of it remained longer, and it had its complete accomplishment in the spiritual Israel.
20 In the midst of this genealogy of the Edomites here is inserted the genealogy of the Horites, those Canaanites, or Hittites (compare
Gen 26:34), that were the natives of Mount Seir. Mention is made of them,
Gen 14:6, and of their interest in Mount Seir, before the Edomites took possession of it,
Deut 2:12,
Deut 2:22. This comes in here, not only to give light to the story, but to be a standing reflection upon the Edomites for intermarrying with them, by which, it is probable, they learned their way, and corrupted themselves. Esau having sold his birthright, and lost his blessing, and entered into alliance with the Hittites, his posterity and the sons of Seir are here reckoned together. Note, Those that treacherously desert God's church are justly numbered with those that were never in it; apostate Edomites stand on the same ground with accursed Horites. Particular notice is taken of one Anah who fed the asses of Zibeon his father (
Gen 36:24), and yet is called
duke Anah, Gen 36:29. Note, Those that expect to rise high should begin low. An honourable descent should not keep men from an honest employment, nor a mean employment hinder any man's preferment. This Anah was not only industrious in his business, but ingenious too, and successful; for he found
mules, or (as some read it)
waters, hot-baths, in the wilderness. Those that are diligent in their business sometimes find more advantages than they expected.
31 By degrees, it seems, the Edomites wormed out the Horites, obtained full possession of the country, and had a government of their own. 1. They were ruled by kings, who governed the whole country, and seem to have come to the throne by election, and not by lineal descent; so bishop Patrick observes. These kings reigned in
Edom before there reigned any king over the children of Israel, that is, before Moses's time, for
he was king in Jeshurun, Gen 36:3. God had lately promised
Jacob that kings should come out of his loins (
Gen 35:11), yet Esau's blood becomes royal long before any of Jacob's did. Note, In external prosperity and honour, the children of the covenant are often cast behind, and those that are out of covenant get the start. The triumphing of the wicked may be quick, but it is short; soon ripe, and as soon rotten: but the products of the promise, though they are slow, are sure and lasting;
at the end it shall speak, and not lie. We may suppose it was a great trial to the faith of God's Israel to hear of the pomp and power of the kings of Edom, while they were bond-slaves in Egypt; but those that look for great things from God must be content to wait for them; God's time is the best time. 2. They were afterwards governed by dukes, again here named, who, I suppose, ruled all at the same time in several places in the country. Either they set up this form of government in conformity to the Horites, who had used it (
Gen 36:29), or God's providence reduced them to it, as some conjecture, to correct them for their unkindness to Israel, in refusing them a passage though their country,
Num 20:18. Note, When power is abused, it is just with God to weaken it, by turning it into divers channels.
For the transgression of a land, many are the princes thereof. Sin brought Edom from kings to dukes, from crowns to coronets. We read of the dukes of Edom (
Exod 15:15), yet, long afterwards, of their kings again. 3. Mount Seir is called
the land of their possession, Gen 36:43. While the Israelites dwelt in the house of bondage, and their Canaan was only the land of promise, the Edomites dwelt in their own habitations, and Seir was in their possession. Note, The children of this world have their all in hand, and nothing in hope (
Luke 16:25); while the children of God have their all in hope, and next to nothing in hand. But, all things considered, it is better to have Canaan in promise than mount Seir in possession.