1Poslije smrti Jošuine upitaše Izraelci Jahvu: "Tko će od nas prvi poći na Kanaance da se protiv njih bori?" 2A Jahve odgovori: "Neka Juda prvi pođe; u njegove ruke stavljam zemlju." 3Tada Juda reče svome bratu Šimunu: "Pođi sa mnom u zemlju koja mi je dosuđena u baštinu; borit ćemo se protiv Kanaanaca, a potom ću se ja uza te boriti na tvojoj zemlji." I Šimun ode s njim. 4Ode Juda i Jahve im predade u ruke Kanaance i Perižane te pobiše u Bezeku deset tisuća ljudi. 5U Bezeku zatekoše Adoni-Sedeka, udariše na nj i poraziše Kanaance i Perižane. 6Kad je Adoni-Sedek nagnuo u bijeg, gonili su ga, uhvatili ga i odsjekli mu palce na rukama i nogama. 7Tada reče Adoni-Sedek: "Sedamdeset kraljeva odsječenih palaca na rukama i na nogama kupilo je mrvice pod mojim stolom. Kako sam činio, tako mi Bog vraća." Odveli su ga u Jeruzalem i ondje je umro. 8Zatim Judini sinovi udariše na Jeruzalem, osvojiše ga, posjekoše mačem žitelje i spališe grad. 9Poslije toga krenuše Judini sinovi da se bore protiv Kanaanaca koji su živjeli u Gorju, Negebu i u Šefeli. 10Onda Juda ode na Kanaance koji su živjeli u Hebronu - Hebronu bijaše nekoć ime Kirjat Arba - i ondje potuče Šešaja, Ahimana i Talmaja. 11Odatle krenu na stanovnike Debira, koji se nekoć zvao Kirjat Sefer. 12Tada reče Kaleb: "Tko pokori i zauzme Kirjat Sefer, dat ću mu svoju kćer Aksu za ženu." 13Zauze ga Otniel, sin Kenaza, mlađeg brata Kalebova, i Kaleb mu dade svoju kćer Aksu za ženu. 14Kad je prišla mužu, on je nagovori da u svoga oca ište polje. Siđe ona s magarca, a Kaleb je upita: "Što hoćeš?" 15Ona mu odgovori: "Daj mi blagoslov! Kad si mi dao kraj u Negebu, daj mi onda i koji izvor vode." I Kaleb joj dade Gornje i Donje izvore. 16Sinovi Hobaba Kenijca, tasta Mojsijeva, odoše iz Palmova grada s Judinim sinovima u Judinu pustinju, koja je u Negebu, na jugu od Arada. Tu se nastaniše među Amalečanima. 17Potom ode Juda s bratom Šimunom i pobiše Kanaance koji su živjeli u Sefatu i grad izručiše "heremu", prokletstvu. Zbog toga se grad prozva Horma. 18Ali Juda nije uspio zauzeti Gaze s njenim područjem, ni Aškelona s njegovim područjem, ni Ekrona s njegovim područjem. 19Jahve bijaše s njim te on osvoji gorje, ali ne mogaše potjerati onih u nizini jer imahu željezna kola. 20Kao što bijaše odredio Mojsije, dadoše Hebron Kalebu, koji iz njega otjera tri sina Anakova. 21A Benjaminovi sinovi ne uspješe otjerati Jebusejaca koji su živjeli u Jeruzalemu i tako Jebusejci ostadoše u Jeruzalemu s Benjaminovim sinovima do dana današnjega. 22Krenu i pleme Josipovo na Betel i Jahve bijaše s njima. 23I pleme Josipovo uze izviđati Betel. Grad se nekoć zvao Luz. 24Uhode opaziše čovjeka gdje izlazi iz grada i rekoše mu: "Pokaži nam kuda se može u grad, pa ćemo ti biti milostivi." 25On im pokaza kuda mogu u grad. I sve u gradu isjekoše mačem, a onoga čovjeka sa svom njegovom obitelji pustiše da ode. 26Čovjek je otišao u zemlju Hetita i ondje sagradio grad i prozvao ga Luz. Tako se zove još i danas. 27Manaše nije osvojio Bet-Šeana i njegovih sela ni Tanaka i njegovih sela. Nije potjerao ni stanovnika iz Dora i njegovih sela, ni stanovnika Jibleama i njegovih sela, ni stanovnika Megida i njegovih sela. Tako su Kanaanci ostali i živjeli u toj zemlji. 28Kad je Izrael ojačao, nametnuo je Kanaancima tlaku, ali ih nije mogao otjerati. 29Ni Efrajim nije otjerao Kanaanaca koji su živjeli u Gezeru, tako te su Kanaanci tu živjeli među njima. 30Zebulun nije otjerao stanovnika Kitrona ni stanovnika Nahalola. Tako su Kanaanci ostali usred Zebulunovih sinova, ali im bijaše nametnuta tlaka. 31Ni Ašer nije otjerao stanovnika Akona, ni stanovnika Sidona, ni onih iz Mahalaba, Akziba, Helbe, Afika i Rehoba. 32Ašerovci su ostali tako među Kanaancima, stanovnicima te zemlje, jer ih nisu otjerali. 33Naftali nije otjerao stanovnika Bet-Šemeša i Bet-Anata, nego je živio među Kanaancima koji su nastavali tu zemlju, ali je stanovnicima Bet-Šemeša i Bet-Anata nametnuta tlaka. 34Amorejci su potisnuli Danove sinove u goru i nisu ih puštali da siđu u ravnicu. 35Amorejci su se zadržali u Har-Heresu, Ajalonu i Šaalbimu, ali kad je ruka Josipova doma ojačala, bila im je nametnuta tlaka. 36Područje Edomaca pruža se od Akrabimskog uspona do Stijene pa naviše.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 THE ACTS OF JUDAH AND SIMEON. (
Judg 1:1-
Judg 1:3)
Now after the death of Joshua--probably not a long period, for the Canaanites seem to have taken advantage of that event to attempt recovering their lost position, and the Israelites were obliged to renew the war.
the children of Israel asked the Lord--The divine counsel on this, as on other occasions, was sought by Urim and Thummim, by applying to the high priest, who, according to JOSEPHUS, was Phinehas.
saying, Who shall go up for us against the Canaanites first--The elders, who exercised the government in their respective tribes, judged rightly, that in entering upon an important expedition, they should have a leader nominated by divine appointment; and in consulting the oracle, they adopted a prudent course, whether the object of their inquiry related to the choice of an individual commander, or to the honor of precedency among the tribes.
2 the Lord said, Judah shall go up--The predicted pre-eminence (
Gen 49:8) was thus conferred upon Judah by divine direction, and its appointment to take the lead in the ensuing hostilities was of great importance, as the measure of success by which its arms were crowned, would animate the other tribes to make similar attempts against the Canaanites within their respective territories.
I have delivered the land into his hand--not the whole country, but the district assigned for his inheritance.
3 Judah said unto Simeon his brother, Come up with me . . ., that we may fight against the Canaanites--Being conterminous tribes (
Josh 19:1-
Josh 19:2), they had a common interest, and were naturally associated in this enterprise.
5 ADONI-BEZEK JUSTLY REQUITED. (Jdg. 1:4-21)
Bezek--This place lay within the domain of Judah, about twelve miles south of Jerusalem.
found Adoni-bezek--that is, "lord of Bezek"--he was "found," that is, surprised and routed in a pitched battle, whence he fled; but being taken prisoner, he was treated with a severity unusual among the Israelites, for they "cut off his thumbs and great toes." Barbarities of various kinds were commonly practised on prisoners of war in ancient times, and the object of this particular mutilation of the hands and feet was to disable them for military service ever after. The infliction of such a horrid cruelty on this Canaanite chief would have been a foul stain on the character of the Israelites if there were not reason for believing it was done by them as an act of retributive justice, and as such it was regarded by Adoni-bezek himself, whose conscience read his atrocious crimes in their punishment.
7 Threescore and ten kings--So great a number will not appear strange, when it is considered that anciently every ruler of a city or large town was called a king. It is not improbable that in that southern region of Canaan, there might, in earlier times, have been even more till a turbulent chief like Adoni-bezek devoured them in his insatiable ambition.
8 Now the children of Judah had fought against Jerusalem, and had taken it--The capture of this important city, which ranks among the early incidents in the war of invasion (
Josh 15:63), is here noticed to account for its being in the possession of the Judahites; and they brought Adoni-bezek thither [
Judg 1:7], in order, probably, that his fate being rendered so public, might inspire terror far and wide. Similar inroads were made into the other unconquered parts of Judah's inheritance [
Judg 1:9-
Judg 1:11]. The story of Caleb's acquisition of Hebron is here repeated (
Josh 15:16-
Josh 15:19). [See on
Josh 15:16.]
16 the children of the Kenite, Moses' father-in-law, went up out of the city of palm trees with the children of Judah--called "the Kenite," as probably descended from the people of that name (
Num 24:21-
Num 24:22). If he might not himself, his posterity did accept the invitation of Moses (
Num 10:32) to accompany the Israelites to Canaan. Their first encampment was in the "city of palm trees"--not Jericho, of course, which was utterly destroyed, but the surrounding district, perhaps En-gedi, in early times called Hazezon-tamar (
Gen 14:7), from the palm-grove which sheltered it. Thence they removed for some unknown cause, and associating themselves with Judah, joined in an expedition against Arad, in the southern part of Canaan (
Num 21:1). On the conquest of that district, some of this pastoral people pitched their tents there, while others migrated to the north (
Judg 4:17).
17 And Judah went with Simeon his brother--The course of the narrative is here resumed from
Judg 1:9, and an account given of Judah returning the services of Simeon (
Judg 1:3), by aiding in the prosecution of the war within the neighboring tribes.
slew the Canaanites that inhabited Zephath--or Zephathah (
2Chr 14:10), a valley lying in the southern portion of Canaan.
Hormah--destroyed in fulfilment of an early vow of the Israelites (see on
Num 21:2). The confederate tribes, pursuing their incursions in that quarter, came successively to Gaza, Askelon, and Ekron, which they took. But the Philistines seem soon to have regained possession of these cities.
19 the Lord was with Judah; . . . but they could not drive out the inhabitants of the valley--The war was of the Lord, whose omnipotent aid would have ensured their success in every encounter, whether on the mountains or the plains, with foot soldiers or cavalry. It was distrust, the want of a simple and firm reliance on the promise of God, that made them afraid of the iron chariots (see on
Josh 11:4-
Josh 11:9).
21 the children of Benjamin did not drive out the Jebusites that inhabited Jerusalem--Judah had expelled the people from their part of Jerusalem (
Judg 1:8). The border of the two tribes ran through the city--Israelites and natives must have been closely intermingled.
22 SOME CANAANITES LEFT. (
Judg 1:22-
Judg 1:26)
the house of Joseph--the tribe of Ephraim, as distinguished from Manasseh (
Judg 1:27).
24 the spies . . . said, . . . Show us, . . . the entrance into the city--that is, the avenues to the city, and the weakest part of the walls.
we will show thee mercy--The Israelites might employ these means of getting possession of a place which was divinely appropriated to them: they might promise life and rewards to this man, though he and all the Canaanites were doomed to destruction (
Josh 2:12-
Josh 2:14); but we may assume the promise was suspended on his embracing the true religion, or quitting the country, as he did. If they had seen him to be firmly opposed to either of these alternatives, they would not have constrained him by promises any more than by threats to betray his countrymen. But if they found him disposed to be serviceable, and to aid the invaders in executing the will of God, they might promise to spare him.
26 Luz--(See on
Gen 12:7;
Gen 28:18).
27 The same course of subjugation was carried on in the other tribes to a partial extent, and with varying success. Many of the natives, no doubt, during the progress of this exterminating war, saved themselves by flight and became, it is thought, the first colonists in Greece, Italy, and other countries. But a large portion made a stout resistance and retained possession of their old abodes in Canaan. In other cases, when the natives were vanquished, avarice led the Israelites to spare the idolaters, contrary to the express command of God; and their disobedience to His orders in this matter involved them in many troubles which this book describes.