1Pak přišli k Ježíšovi farizeové a znalci Zákona z Jeruzaléma1 a řekli: (1Mk 7:1) 2Proč tvoji učedníci přestupují ústní podání mužů dřívějších časů? Například si nemyjí ruce, když se chystají jíst nějaké jídlo.1 (1Mk 7:2 L 11:38 J 2:6) 3Odpověděl jim a řekl: Proč také vy přestupujete Boží přikázání kvůli svému ústnímu podání?1 (1Mt 15:9 Mk 7:8 Ko 2:8 Tit 1:14) 4Bůh například řekl: Cti svého otce a svou matku1 a Kdo spílá otci nebo matce, ať skončí smrtí.2 (1Ex 20:12 Dt 5:16 Ef 6:2 2Ex 21:17 Lv 20:9 Dt 27:16 Mk 7:10) 5Ale vy říkáte: Kdokoli říká svému otci nebo matce: Cokoli mám, čím bych ti mohl prospět, je dar zasvěcený Bohu, 6ten vůbec nepotřebuje ctít svého otce.1 A tak jste učinili Boží slovo neplatným kvůli svému ústnímu podání.2 (1Mk 7:12 2Mk 7:13) 7Pokrytci1, vhodně o vás prorokoval Izajáš2, když řekl: (1Mt 23:13 2Mk 7:6) 8Tento lid mě ctí svými rty, ale jejich srdce je ode mne daleko vzdáleno.1 (1Iz 29:13) 9Je marné, že mě stále uctívají, protože vyučují lidské příkazy jako nauky.1 (1Ž 78:37 Ez 33:31 Mk 7:7 Ko 2:22) 10Pak přivolal zástup a řekl jim: Naslouchejte a pochopte smysl:1 (1Mk 7:14) 11Člověka neposkvrňuje to, co vstupuje do jeho úst, ale člověka poskvrňuje to, co z jeho úst vychází.1 (1Mt 12:34 Mk 7:15 Ef 4:29 1Tm 4:4 Jk 3:6) 12Potom přišli učedníci a řekli mu: Víš, že farizeové klopýtli, když slyšeli, co jsi řekl?1 (1Mk 7:17) 13Odpověděl a řekl: Každá rostlina, kterou nezasadil můj nebeský Otec, bude vykořeněna.1 (1J 15:6 Sk 5:38) 14Nechte je být. Jsou to slepí vůdci. Jestliže tedy vede slepý slepého, oba spadnou do jámy.1 (1Iz 9:16 Mal 2:8 Mt 23:16 L 6:39 J 9:40) 15Petr mu odpověděl a řekl: Objasni nám to podobenství.1 (1Mt 13:36 Mk 4:10 L 8:9) 16A tak řekl: I vy jste ještě bez porozumění?1 (1Mk 7:18) 17Neuvědomujete si, že všechno, co vstupuje do úst, prochází do střev a vypouští se do stoky? 18Ale to, co vychází z úst, vychází ze srdce, a to člověka poskvrňuje.1 (1Ž 5:9 Mk 7:20 Ř 3:13) 19Ze srdce například vycházejí ničemná uvažování,1 vraždy, cizoložství, smilstva, krádeže, falešná svědectví, rouhání.2 (1Gn 8:21 Dt 15:9 Př 6:14 Jr 17:9 Ř 1:28 2Mk 7:21 Ga 5:19) 20To jsou věci, které člověka poskvrňují; ale brát jídlo nemytýma rukama člověka neposkvrňuje.1 (1Mk 7:23) 21Nyní odtud Ježíš odešel a odebral se do končin Tyru a Sidonu.1 (1Mk 7:24) 22A pohleďme, Féničanka1 z těch krajů vyšla a nahlas křičela a říkala: Smiluj se nade mnou,2 Pane, Synu Davidův. Má dcera je silně posedlá démony. (11Kr 17:9 Mk 7:26 L 4:26 2Mt 20:30) 23Neodpověděl jí však ani slovo. Proto přišli jeho učedníci a prosili ho: Pošli ji pryč; protože za námi stále křičí. 24Odpověděl a řekl: Nebyl jsem vyslán k nikomu jinému než ke ztraceným ovcím izraelského domu.1 (1Iz 53:6 Mt 10:6 Sk 3:26 Sk 13:46 Ř 15:8) 25Když žena přišla, vzdávala mu poctu a řekla: Pane, pomoz mi!1 (1Mk 7:26) 26Odpověděl a řekl: Není správné brát chléb dětem a házet ho psíkům. 27Řekla: Ano, Pane, ale psíci přece jedí z drobtů, které padají ze stolu jejich pánů.1 (1Mk 7:28) 28Potom jí Ježíš odpověděl a řekl: Ženo, tvá víra je velká; ať se ti stane, jak si přeješ. A od té hodiny byla její dcera uzdravena.1 (1Mk 7:29 J 4:53) 29Ježíš odtamtud přešel krajem, a pak se přiblížil ke Galilejskému moři,1 a když vyšel na horu,2 seděl tam. (1Mk 7:31 2Mt 5:1) 30Tehdy k němu přistoupily velké zástupy a měly s sebou lidi, kteří byli chromí, zmrzačení, slepí, němí a mnozí jinak postižení, a takřka mu je házeli k nohám, a on je léčil;1 (1Iz 35:5 Mt 19:2 Mk 3:10 Mk 7:32) 31zástup byl tudíž ohromen, když viděli, jak němí mluví a chromí chodí a slepí vidí, a oslavovali Boha Izraele.1 (1Mt 9:33 Mk 7:37) 32Ale Ježíš k sobě zavolal své učedníky a řekl:1 Je mi líto2 zástupu, protože zůstávají se mnou už tři dny a nemají nic k jídlu; a nechci je poslat pryč hladové. Mohli by se cestou vyčerpat. (1Mk 8:1 2Mt 14:14 Mk 6:34) 33Ale učedníci mu řekli: Kde na tomto osamělém místě dostaneme dost chlebů, aby se nasytil tak velký zástup?1 (1Nu 11:22 2Kr 4:43 Mk 8:4) 34A tak jim Ježíš řekl: Kolik chlebů máte? Řekli: Sedm a několik rybek. 35Když tedy dal zástupu pokyn, aby spočinuli na zemi, 36vzal sedm chlebů a ryby, a když vzdal díky, lámal je a rozděloval učedníkům a učedníci zase zástupům.1 (1Dt 8:10 1S 9:13 Mt 14:19 Mk 8:6) 37A všichni jedli a nasytili se, a jako přebytek úlomků nasbírali sedm plných košů na potraviny.1 (1Mt 16:10 Mk 8:8) 38A přece těch, kteří jedli, bylo čtyři tisíce mužů kromě žen a malých dětí. 39Nakonec, když poslal zástupy pryč, vstoupil do člunu a dostal se do krajů Magadan.1 (1Mk 8:10)
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 DISCOURSE ON CEREMONIAL POLLUTION. ( =
Mark 7:1,
Mark 7:23). (Mat. 15:1-20)
Then came to Jesus scribes and Pharisees, which were of Jerusalem--or "from Jerusalem." Mark (
Mark 7:1) says they "came from" it: a deputation probably sent from the capital expressly to watch Him. As He had not come to them at the last Passover, which they had reckoned on, they now come to Him. "And," says Mark (
Mark 7:2-
Mark 7:3), "when they saw some of His disciples eat bread with defiled, that is to say, with unwashen hands"--hands not ceremonially cleansed by washing--"they found fault. For the Pharisees, and all the Jews, except they wash their hands oft"--literally, "in" or "with the fist"; that is, probably washing the one hand by the use of the other--though some understand it, with our version, in the sense of "diligently," "sedulously"--"eat not, holding the tradition of the elders"; acting religiously according to the custom handed down to them. "And when they come from the market" (
Mark 7:4) --"And after market": after any common business, or attending a court of justice, where the Jews, as WEBSTER and WILKINSON remark, after their subjection to the Romans, were especially exposed to intercourse and contact with heathens--"except they wash, they eat not. And many other things there be, which they have received to hold, as the washing of cups and pots, brazen vessels and tables"--rather, "couches," such as were used at meals, which probably were merely sprinkled for ceremonial purposes. "Then the Pharisees and scribes asked Him,"
saying--as follows:
2 Why do thy disciples transgress the tradition of the elders? for they wash not their hands when they eat bread.
3 But he answered and said unto them, Why do ye also transgress the commandment of God by your tradition?--The charge is retorted with startling power: "The tradition they transgress is but man's, and is itself the occasion of heavy transgression, undermining the authority of God's law."
4 For God commanded, saying, Honour thy father and mother-- (
Deut 5:16).
and, He that curseth father or mother, let him die the death-- (
Exod 21:17).
5 But ye say, Whosoever shall say to his father or his mother, It is a gift--or simply, "A gift!" In Mark (
Mark 7:11), it is, "Corban!" that is, "An oblation!" meaning, any unbloody offering or gift dedicated to sacred uses.
by whatsoever thou mightest be profited by me;
6 And honour not his father or his mother, he shall be free--that is, It is true, father--mother--that by giving to thee this, which I now present, thou mightest be profited by me; but I have gifted it to pious uses, and therefore, at whatever cost to thee, I am not now at liberty to alienate any portion of it. "And," it is added in Mark (
Mark 7:12), "ye suffer him no more to do aught for his father or his mother." To dedicate property to God is indeed lawful and laudable, but not at the expense of filial duty.
Thus have ye made the commandment of God of none effect--cancelled or nullified it "by your tradition."
7 Ye hypocrites, well did Esaias prophesy of you, saying-- (
Isa 29:13).
8 This people draweth nigh unto me with their mouth, &c.--By putting the commandments of men on a level with the divine requirements, their whole worship was rendered vain--a principle of deep moment in the service of God. "For," it is added in
Mark 7:8, "laying aside the commandment of God, ye hold the tradition of men, as the washing of pots and cups; and many other such like things ye do." The drivelling nature of their multitudinous observances is here pointedly exposed, in contrast with the manly observance of "the commandment of God"; and when our Lord says, "Many other such like things ye do," it is implied that He had but given a specimen of the hideous treatment which the divine law received, and the grasping disposition which, under the mask of piety, was manifested by the ecclesiastics of that day.
10 And he called the multitude, and said unto them--The foregoing dialogue, though in the people's hearing, was between Jesus and the pharisaic cavillers, whose object was to disparage Him with the people. But Jesus, having put them down, turns to the multitude, who at this time were prepared to drink in everything He said, and with admirable plainness, strength, and brevity, lays down the great principle of real pollution, by which a world of bondage and uneasiness of conscience would be dissipated in a moment, and the sense of sin be reserved for deviations from the holy and eternal law of God.
Hear and understand:
11 Not that which goeth into the mouth defileth a man; but that which cometh out of the mouth, this defileth a man--This is expressed even more emphatically in Mark (
Mark 7:15-
Mark 7:16), and it is there added, "If any man have ears to hear, let him hear." As in
Matt 13:9, this so oft-repeated saying seems designed to call attention to the fundamental and universal character of the truth it refers to.
12 Then came his disciples, and said unto him, Knowest thou that the Pharisees were offended, after they heard this saying?--They had given vent to their irritation, and perhaps threats, not to our Lord Himself, from whom they seem to have slunk away, but to some of the disciples, who report it to their Master.
13 But he answered and said, Every plant, which my heavenly Father hath not planted, shall be rooted up--They are offended, are they? Heed it not: their corrupt teaching is already doomed: the garden of the Lord upon earth, too long cumbered with their presence, shall yet be purged of them and their accursed system: yea, and whatsoever is not of the planting of My heavenly Father, the great Husbandman (
John 15:1), shall share the same fate.
14 Let them alone: they be blind leaders of the blind. And if the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch--Striking expression of the ruinous effects of erroneous teaching!
15 Then answered Peter and said unto him, Declare unto us this parable--"when He was entered into the house from the people," says Mark (
Mark 7:17).
16 And Jesus said, Are ye also yet without understanding?--Slowness of spiritual apprehension in His genuine disciples grieves the Saviour: from others He expects no better (
Matt 13:11).
17 Do not ye yet understand that whatsoever entereth in at the mouth, &c.--Familiar though these sayings have now become, what freedom from bondage to outward things do they proclaim, on the one hand; and on the other, how searching is the truth which they express--that nothing which enters from without can really defile us; and that only the evil that is in the heart, that is allowed to stir there, to rise up in thought and affection, and to flow forth in voluntary action, really defiles a man!
19 For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts--"evil reasonings"; referring here more immediately to those corrupt reasonings which had stealthily introduced and gradually reared up that hideous fabric of tradition which at length practically nullified the unchangeable principles of the moral law. But the statement is far broader than this; namely that the first shape which the evil that is in the heart takes, when it begins actively to stir, is that of "considerations" or "reasonings" on certain suggested actions.
murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies--detractions, whether directed against God or man; here the reference seems to be to the latter. Mark (
Mark 7:22) adds, "covetousnesses"--or desires after more; "wickednesses"--here meaning, perhaps, malignities of various forms; "deceit, lasciviousness"--meaning, excess or enormity of any kind, though by later writers restricted to lewdness; "an evil eye"--meaning, all looks or glances of envy, jealousy, or ill will towards a neighbor; "pride, foolishness"--in the Old Testament sense of "folly"; that is, criminal senselessness, the folly of the heart. How appalling is this black catalogue!
20 These are the things which defile a man: but to eat with unwashen hands defileth not a man--Thus does our Lord sum up this whole searching discourse.
23 THE WOMAN OF CANAAN AND HER DAUGHTER. (
Matt 15:21-
Matt 15:28)
But he answered her not a word. And his disciples came and besought him, saying, Send her away; for she crieth after us--(Also see on
Mark 7:26.)
24 But he answered and said, I am not sent but to the lost sheep of the house of Israel--(Also see on
Mark 7:26.)
25 Then came she and worshipped him, saying, Lord, help me--(Also see on
Mark 7:26.)
