1Když vzhlédl, viděl bohaté, jak vhazují své dary do pokladnic.1 (1Mk 12:41) 2Potom viděl nějakou nuznou vdovu, jak tam vhazuje dvě malé mince velmi malé hodnoty,1 (1Mk 12:42) 3a řekl: Pravdivě vám říkám: Tato vdova, ačkoli je chudá, vhodila víc než ti všichni.1 (1Mk 12:43 2K 8:12) 4Ti všichni totiž vhodili dary ze svého přebytku, ale tato žena vhodila ze svého nedostatku všechny prostředky k životu, které měla.1 (1Mt 22:37 Mk 12:44) 5Později, když někteří mluvili o chrámu, jak je ozdoben znamenitými kameny a zasvěcenými věcmi,1 (1Mt 24:1 Mk 13:1) 6řekl: Pokud jde o to, na co se díváte, přijdou dny, kdy zde nezůstane kámen na kameni, aniž by byl svržen.1 (11Kr 9:7 1Kr 9:8 Jr 7:14 Mi 3:12 Mt 24:2 Mk 13:2 L 19:44) 7Potom se ho vyptávali a řekli: Učiteli, kdy to vlastně bude a co bude znamením, kdy je určeno, aby tyto věci nastaly?1 (1Mt 24:3 Mk 13:4) 8Řekl: Dávejte si pozor, abyste nebyli zavedeni na scestí;1 neboť mnozí přijdou na základě mého jména a řeknou: Jsem to já a: Přiblížil se patřičný čas.2 Nechoďte za nimi. (1Ef 5:6 2Te 2:3 2Tm 3:13 1J 4:1 Zj 12:9 2Mt 24:5 Mk 13:6) 9Dále, až uslyšíte o válkách a nepokojích, neděste se.1 To se totiž musí nejprve stát, ale konec nenastane okamžitě. (1Př 3:25 Mt 24:6 Mk 13:7) 10Potom jim řekl: Povstane národ proti národu1 a království proti království;2 (1Zj 6:4 2Mt 24:7 Mk 13:8) 11a budou velká zemětřesení a na jednom místě za druhým mory a nedostatek potravy;1 a budou strašlivé úkazy a veliká znamení z nebe.2 (1Sk 11:28 Zj 6:8 2Zj 6:12) 12Ale před tím vším na vás lidé vloží ruce a budou vás pronásledovat1, vydají vás do synagóg a vězení a budete vláčeni před krále a místodržitele kvůli mému jménu.2 (1Mt 10:17 Mk 13:9 J 16:2 2Mt 24:9 Mk 13:9 Sk 25:23 Zj 2:10) 13Stane se vám to na svědectví.1 (1Fp 1:28) 14Rozhodněte se tedy ve svém srdci, že si nebudete předem zkoušet, jak se hájit,1 (1L 12:11) 15neboť vám chci dát ústa a moudrost, čemuž všichni vaši protivníci dohromady nebudou schopni odporovat ani se o ni přít.1 (1Mk 13:11 Sk 6:10) 16Budete nadto vydáváni dokonce rodiči a bratry a příbuznými a přáteli1 a některé z vás usmrtí;2 (12Tm 3:3 2Mi 7:6 Mt 24:10 Mk 13:12 Sk 7:59) 17a budete předmětem nenávisti všech lidí kvůli mému jménu.1 (1Mt 10:22 Mk 13:13) 18A přesto ani vlas1 z vaší hlavy rozhodně nezanikne. (11S 14:45 Mt 10:30 L 12:7) 19Svou vytrvalostí získáte své duše.1 (12Pa 15:7 Ř 5:3 Žd 10:36 2P 1:6) 20Dále, až uvidíte Jeruzalém obklopený utábořenými vojsky,1 pak vězte, že se přiblížilo jeho zpustošení.2 (1L 19:43 2Da 9:26 Mt 23:38 Mt 24:15) 21Ať potom ti, kteří jsou v Judeji, prchají k horám a ti, kteří jsou v jeho středu, ať se vzdálí, a ti, kteří jsou na venkově, ať do něho nevstupují;1 (1Mt 24:16 Mk 13:14) 22protože to jsou dny pro vykonání práva, aby se splnilo všechno, co bylo napsáno.1 (1Dt 32:35 Dt 32:43 Jr 5:29 Oz 9:7) 23V těch dnech běda těhotným a těm, které kojí!1 Na zemi bude totiž velká nouze a zloba proti tomuto lidu; (1Mt 24:19 Mk 13:17 L 19:44 L 23:28) 24a padnou ostřím meče a budou odvedeni jako zajatci do všech národů;1 a Jeruzalém bude pošlapáván národy, dokud se nenaplní ustanovené časy2 národů. (1Dt 28:64 Ž 79:1 Iz 63:18 Da 9:27 Za 12:3 2Ez 21:26 Ez 21:27 Da 4:25) 25Budou také znamení na slunci1 a měsíci a hvězdách a na zemi mučivá úzkost národů, které nebudou vědět kudy kam, pro řev moře2 a jeho rozbouření,3 (1Zj 6:12 2Iz 57:20 Zj 17:15 3Mt 24:29 Mk 13:24) 26zatímco lidé budou omdlévat strachem1 a očekáváním věcí přicházejících na obydlenou zemi;2 nebeské moci totiž budou otřeseny.3 (1Sf 1:17 2Jl 2:10 Jl 2:30 3Iz 34:4 2P 3:10) 27A tehdy uvidí Syna člověka1, jak přichází v oblaku s mocí a velkou slávou.2 (1Da 7:13 2Mt 24:30 Mk 13:26 Zj 1:7) 28Až se to však začne dít, napřimte se a pozvedněte hlavu, protože se přibližuje vaše osvobození. 29Na to k nim pronesl podobenství: Povšimněte si fíkovníku a všech ostatních stromů:1 (1Mt 24:32 Mk 13:28) 30Když již pučí, jestliže to pozorujete, sami víte, že léto je už blízko.1 (1Mt 24:33) 31Také až uvidíte, že se to děje, vězte, že Boží království je blízko.1 (1Mk 13:29) 32Vpravdě vám říkám: Tato generace rozhodně nepomine, dokud se to všechno nestane.1 (1Mt 24:34 Mk 13:30) 33Nebe a země pominou,1 ale má slova rozhodně nepominou.2 (1Mt 5:18 2Mt 24:35 Mk 13:31 Zj 3:14) 34Dávejte však na sebe pozor, aby vaše srdce nikdy nebylo obtíženo přejídáním a silným1 pitím a úzkostnými životními starostmi2 a aby na vás náhle, v jednom okamžiku, nepřišel ten den3 (1Iz 5:11 2Mt 6:25 1Tm 6:8 3Př 11:4 Iz 5:13 Ř 13:13) 35jako léčka.1 Přijde totiž na všechny, kteří bydlí na tváři celé země.2 (11Te 5:3 21Te 5:2 2P 3:10) 36Zůstaňte tedy bdělí1 a v každé době úpěnlivě proste,2 aby se vám podařilo uniknout všem těmto věcem, jimž je určeno, aby nastaly, a obstát před Synem člověka.3 (1Mt 25:13 Mk 13:33 2Ř 12:12 Ef 6:18 1P 4:7 3Mt 24:42 Mk 13:35 1K 16:13 1P 5:8 Zj 6:17 Zj 16:15) 37Tak ve dne vyučoval v chrámu,1 ale v noci vycházel a nocoval na hoře zvané Olivová hora.2 (1L 19:47 2J 8:1) 38A všechen lid1 k němu časně zrána přicházel do chrámu, aby ho slyšel. (1Mk 12:37 L 19:48)
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 THE WIDOW'S TWO MITES. (
Luke 21:1-
Luke 21:4)
looked up--He had "sat down over against the treasury" (
Mark 12:41), probably to rest, for He had continued long standing as he taught in the temple court (
Mark 11:27), and "looking up He saw"--as in Zaccheus' case, not quite casually.
the rich, &c.--"the people," says
Mark 12:41 "cast money into the treasury, and many rich east in much"; that is, into chests deposited in one of the courts of the temple to receive the offerings of the people towards its maintenance (
2Kgs 12:9;
John 8:20).
2 two mites--"which make a farthing" (
Mark 12:42), the smallest Jewish coin. "She might have kept one" [BENGEL].
3 And he said--"to His disciples," whom He "called to Him" (
Mark 12:43), to teach from it a great future lesson.
more than . . . all--in proportion to her means, which is God's standard (
2Cor 8:12).
4 of their abundance--their superfluity; what they had to spare," or beyond what they needed.
of her penury--or "want" (
Mark 12:44) --her deficiency, of what was less than her own wants required, "all the living she had." Mark (
Mark 12:44) still more emphatically, "all that she had--her whole subsistence." Note: (1) As temple offerings are needed still for the service of Christ at home and abroad, so "looking down" now, as then "up," Me "sees" who "cast in," and how much. (2) Christ's standard of commendable offering is not our superfluity, but our deficiency--not what will never be missed, but what costs us some real sacrifice, and just in proportion to the relative amount of that sacrifice. (See
2Cor 8:1-3.)
5 CHRIST'S PROPHECY OF THE DESTRUCTION OF JERUSALEM AND WARNINGS TO PREPARE FOR HIS SECOND COMING, SUGGESTED BY IT--HIS DAYS AND NIGHTS DURING HIS LAST WEEK. (Luke 21:5-38)
(See on
Matt 24:1-
Matt 24:3.)
8 the time--of the Kingdom, in its full glory.
go . . . not . . . after them--"I come not so very soon" (
2Thess 2:1-2) [STIER].
9 not terrified--(See
Luke 21:19;
Isa 8:11-
Isa 8:14).
end not by and by--or immediately, not yet (
Matt 24:6;
Mark 13:7): that is, "Worse must come before all is over."
10 Nation, &c.--Matthew and Mark (
Matt 24:8;
Mark 13:8) add, "All these are the beginning of sorrows," or travail pangs, to which heavy calamities are compared (
Jer 4:31, &c.).
12 brought before, &c.--The book of Acts verifies all this.
13 for a testimony--an opportunity of bearing testimony.
18 not a hair . . . perish--He had just said (
Luke 21:16) they should be put to death; showing that this precious promise is far above immunity from mere bodily harm, and furnishing a key to the right interpretation of the ninety-first Psalm, and such like. Matthew adds the following (
Matt 24:12): "And because iniquity shall abound, the love of many," the many or, the most--the generality of professed disciples--"shall wax cold." But he that endureth to the end shall be saved. Sad illustrations of the effect of abounding iniquity in cooling the love of faithful disciples we have in the Epistle of James, written about this period referred to, and too frequently ever since (
Heb 10:38-
Heb 10:39;
Rev 2:10). "And this gospel of the kingdom shall be preached in all the world for a witness, and then shall the end come" (
Matt 24:14). God never sends judgment without previous warning; and there can be no doubt that the Jews, already dispersed over most known countries, had nearly all heard the Gospel "as a witness," before the end of the Jewish state. The same principle was repeated and will repeat itself to the end.
20 by armies--encamped armies, that is, besieged: "the abomination of desolation" (meaning the Roman ensigns, as the symbols of an idolatrous, pagan, unclean power) "spoken of by Daniel the prophet" (
Dan 9:27) "standing where it ought not" (
Mark 13:14). "Whoso readeth [that prophecy] let him understand" (
Matt 24:15).
Then . . . flee, &c.--EUSEBIUS says the Christians fled to Pella, at the north extremity of Perea, being "prophetically directed"; perhaps by some prophetic intimation still more explicit than this, which still would be their chart.
23 woe unto--"alas for."
with child, &c.--from the greater suffering it would involve; as also "flight in winter, and on the sabbath," which they were to "pray" against (
Matt 24:20), the one as more trying to the body, the other to the soul. "For then shall be tribulation such as was not since the beginning of the world, nor ever shall be"--language not unusual in the Old Testament for tremendous calamities, though of this it may perhaps be literally said, "And except those days should be shortened, there should no flesh be saved, but for the elect's sake those days shall be shortened" (
Matt 24:21-
Matt 24:22). But for this merciful "shortening," brought about by a remarkable concurrence of causes, the whole nation would have perished, in which there yet remained a remnant to be afterwards gathered out. Here in Matthew and Mark (
Matt 24:24;
Mark 13:22) are some particulars about "false Christs," who should, "if possible"--a precious clause--"deceive the very elect." (Compare
2Thess 2:9-11;
Rev 13:13.)
24 Jerusalem . . . trodden down . . . until, &c.--Implying (1) that one day Jerusalem shall cease to be "trodden down by the Gentiles" (
Rev 11:2), as then by pagan so now by Mohammedan unbelievers; (2) that this shall be at the "completion" of "the times of the Gentiles," which from
Rom 11:25 (taken from this) we conclude to mean till the Gentiles have had their full time of that place in the Church which the Jews in their time had before them--after which, the Jews being again "grafted into their own olive tree," one Church of Jew and Gentile together shall fill the earth (Rom. 11:1-36). What a vista this opens up!
25 signs, &c.--Though the grandeur of this language carries the mind over the head of all periods but that of Christ's second coming, nearly every expression will be found used of the Lord's coming in terrible national judgments, as of Babylon, &c.; and from
Luke 21:28,
Luke 21:32, it seems undeniable that its immediate reference was to the destruction of Jerusalem, though its ultimate reference beyond doubt is to Christ's final coming.
28 redemption--from the oppression of ecclesiastical despotism and legal bondage by the total subversion of the Jewish state and the firm establishment of the evangelical kingdom (
Luke 21:31). But the words are of far wider and more precious import. Matthew (
Matt 24:30) says, "And then shall appear the sign of the Son of man in heaven," evidently something distinct from Himself, mentioned immediately after. What this was intended to mean, interpreters are not agreed. But as before Christ came to destroy Jerusalem, some appalling portents were seen in the air, so before His personal appearing it is likely that something analogous will be witnessed, though of what nature it is vain to conjecture.
32 This generation--not "this nation," as some interpret it, which, though admissible in itself, seems very unnatural here. It is rather as in
Luke 9:27.
34 surfeiting, and drunkenness--All animal excesses, quenching spirituality.
cares of this life--(See on
Mark 4:7;
Mark 4:19).
36 Watch . . . pray, &c.--the two great duties which in prospect of trial are constantly enjoined. These warnings, suggested by the need of preparedness for the tremendous calamities approaching, and the total wreck of the existing state of things, are the general improvement of the whole discourse, carrying the mind forward to Judgment and Vengeance of another kind and on a grander and more awful scale--not ecclesiastical or political but personal, not temporal but eternal--when all safety and blessedness will be found to lie in being able to "STAND BEFORE THE SON OF MAN" in the glory of His personal appearing.
37 in the daytime--of this His last week.
abode in the mount--that is, at Bethany (
Matt 21:17).
