1A všed, bral se přes Jericho. 2A aj, muž, jménem Zacheus, a ten byl hejtman nad celnými, a byl bohatý. 3I žádostiv byl viděti Ježíše, kdo by byl; a nemohl pro zástup, nebo postavy malé byl. 4A předběh napřed, vstoupil na strom planého fíku, aby jej viděl; nebo tudy měl jíti. 5A když přišel k tomu místu, pohleděv zhůru Ježíš, uzřel jej, i řekl jemu: Zachee, spěšně sstup dolů, nebo dnes v domu tvém musím zůstati. 6I sstoupil rychle, a přijal jej radostně. 7A viděvše to všickni, reptali, řkouce: K člověku hříšnému se obrátil. 8Stoje pak Zacheus, řekl Pánu: Aj, polovici statku svého, Pane, dávám chudým, a oklamal-li jsem v čem koho, navracuji to čtvernásob. 9I dí jemu Ježíš: Dnes spasení stalo se domu tomuto, proto že i on jest syn Abrahamův. 10Nebo přišel Syn člověka, aby hledal a spasil, což bylo zahynulo. 11Toho když oni poslouchali, promluvil k nim dále podobenství, proto že byl blízko od Jeruzaléma, a že se oni domnívali, že by se hned mělo zjeviti království Boží. 12I řekl: Člověk jeden rodu znamenitého odšel do daleké krajiny, aby přijal království, a zase se navrátil. 13I povolav desíti služebníků svých, dal jim deset hřiven, a řekl jim: Kupčtež, dokudž nepřijdu. 14Měšťané pak jeho nenáviděli ho, a poslali poselství za ním, řkouce: Nechcemeť, aby tento kraloval nad námi. 15I stalo se, když se navrátil, přijav království, že rozkázal zavolati těch svých služebníků, kterýmž byl dal peníze, aby zvěděl, jak kdo mnoho získal. 16I přišel první, řka: Pane, hřivna tvá deset hřiven získala. 17I řekl jemu: To dobře, služebníče dobrý. Že jsi nad málem byl věrný, mějž moc nad desíti městy. 18A druhý přišel, řka: Pane, hřivna tvá získala pět hřiven. 19I tomu řekl: I ty budiž nad pěti městy. 20A jiný přišel, řka: Pane, aj, teď hřivna tvá, kterouž jsem měl složenou v šátku. 21Nebo jsem se bál tebe, ješto jsi člověk přísný; béřeš, čeho jsi nepoložil, a žneš, čeho jsi nerozsíval. 22I řekl jemu: Z úst tvých soudím tebe, služebníče zlý. Věděl jsi, že jsem já člověk přísný, bera, což jsem nepoložil, a žna, čehož jsem nerozsíval. 23I proč jsi tedy nedal peněz mých na stůl, a já přijda, byl bych je vzal i s užitky. 24I řekl těm, kteříž tu stáli: Vezměte od něho tu hřivnu, a dejte tomu, kterýž má deset hřiven. 25I řekli jemu: Pane, máť deset hřiven. 26Jistě pravím vám: Že každému, kdož má, bude dáno, ale od toho, kterýž nemá, i to, což má, bude odjato. 27Ty pak nepřátely mé, kteříž nechtěli, abych nad nimi kraloval, přiveďte sem, a zmordujte přede mnou. 28To pověděv, šel napřed, vstupuje k Jeruzalému. 29I stalo se, když se přiblížil k Betfagi a k Betany, k hoře, kteráž slove Olivetská, poslal dva učedlníky své, 30Řka: Jděte do městečka, kteréž proti vám jest. Do kteréhož vejdouce, naleznete oslátko přivázané, na němž nikdy žádný z lidí neseděl. Odvěžtež je, a přiveďte ke mně. 31A optal-liť by se vás kdo, proč odvazujete, tak díte jemu: Proto že Pán ho potřebuje. 32Tedy odšedše ti, kteříž byli posláni, nalezli, jakž jim byl pověděl. 33A když odvazovali to oslátko, řekli páni jeho k nim: Proč odvazujete oslátko? 34A oni řekli: Pán ho potřebuje. 35I přivedli je k Ježíšovi, a vloživše roucha svá na to oslátko, vsadili na ně Ježíše. 36A když on jel, stlali roucha svá na cestě. 37Když se pak již přibližoval k místu tomu, kudyž scházejí s hory Olivetské, počalo všecko množství učedlníků radostně chváliti Boha hlasem velikým ze všech divů, kteréž byli viděli, 38Řkouce: Požehnaný král, kterýž se béře ve jménu Páně. Pokoj na nebi, a sláva na výsostech. 39Ale někteří z farizeů, kteříž tu byli v zástupu, řekli jemu: Mistře, potresci učedlníků svých. 40I odpověděv, řekl jim: Pravímť vám: Budou-li tito mlčeti, kamení hned bude volati. 41A když se přiblížil, uzřev město, plakal nad ním, 42Řka: Ó kdybys poznalo i ty, a to aspoň v takový tento den tvůj, které by věci ku pokoji tobě byly, ale skrytoť jest to nyní před očima tvýma. 43Nebo přijdou na tě dnové, obklíčí tě nepřátelé tvoji valem, a oblehnou tebe, a ssouží tě se všech stran. 44A s zemí srovnají tě, i syny tvé v tobě, a nenechajíť v tobě kamene na kameni, proto že jsi nepoznalo času navštívení svého. 45A všed do chrámu, počal vymítati prodavače a kupce z něho, 46Řka jim: Psáno jest: Dům můj dům modlitby jest, vy jste jej pak učinili peleší lotrovskou. 47I učil na každý den v chrámě. Přední pak kněží {biskupové} a zákonníci i přední v lidu hledali ho zahladiti. 48Ale nenalezli, co by učinili. Nebo všecken lid jej sobě liboval, poslouchaje ho.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 2 ZACCHEUS THE PUBLICAN. (
Luke 19:1-
Luke 19:10)
chief among the publicans--farming a considerable district, with others under him.
rich--Ill-gotten riches some of it certainly was. (See on
Luke 19:8.)
3 who he was--what sort of person. Curiosity then was his only motive, though his determination not to be baulked was overruled for more than he sought.
4 sycamore--the Egyptian fig, with leaves like the mulberry.
5 looked up,--in the full knowledge of who was in the tree, and preparatory to addressing him.
Zaccheus--whom he had never seen in the flesh, nor probably heard of. "He calleth His own sheep by name and leadeth them out" (
John 10:3).
make haste, and come down--to which he literally responded--"he made haste and came down."
for to-day, &c.--Our Lord invites Himself, and in "royal" style, which waits not for invitations, but as the honor is done to the subject, not the sovereign, announces the purpose of royalty to partake of the subject's hospitalities. Manifestly our Lord speaks as knowing how the privilege would be appreciated.
to-day . . . abide--(Compare
John 1:39), probably over night.
6 joyfully--Whence this so sudden "joy" in the cold bosom of an avaricious publican? The internal revolution was as perfect as instantaneous. "He spake and it was done." "Then shall the lame man leap as an hart, and the tongue of the dumb sing" (
Isa 35:6).
7 to be guest--or lodge: something more than "eating with" such (
Luke 15:2).
a sinner--that was one but a minute ago, but now is not. This mighty change, however, was all unknown to them. But they shall know it presently. "Sinner" would refer both to his office, vile in the eyes of a Jew, and to his character, which it is evident was not good.
8 stood--before all.
said unto the Lord, Behold, Lord--Mark how frequently Luke uses this title, and always where lordly authority, dignity, or power is intended.
if I have--that is, "so far as I have," for evidently the "if" is so used (as in
Phil 4:8).
taken by false accusation--defrauded, overcharged (
Luke 3:12-
Luke 3:13).
fourfold--The Roman law required this; the Jewish law, but the principal and a fifth more (
Num 5:7). There was no demand made for either; but, as if to revenge himself on his hitherto reigning sin (see on
John 20:28), and to testify the change he had experienced, besides surrendering the half of his fair gains to the poor, he voluntarily determines to give up all that was ill-gotten, quadrupled. He gratefully addressed this to the "Lord," to whom he owed the wonderful change.
9 Jesus said unto him--but also before all.
This day, &c.--memorable saying! Salvation already come, but not a day old.
to this house--so expressed probably to meet the taunt, "He is gone to be guest," &c. The house is no longer polluted; it is now fit to receive Me. But salvation to a house is an exceedingly precious idea, expressing the new air that would henceforth breathe in it, and the new impulses from its head which would reach its members (
Ps 118:15;
Acts 16:15-
Acts 16:16,
Acts 16:31).
son of Abraham--He was that by birth, but here it means a partaker of his faith, being mentioned as the sufficient explanation of salvation having come to him.
10 lost--and such "lost" ones as this Zaccheus. (See on
Luke 15:32.) What encouragement is there in this narrative to hope for unexpected conversions?
12 PARABLE OF THE POUNDS. (Luke 19:11-27)
a far country--said to put down the notion that He was just on His way to set up His kingdom, and to inaugurate it by His personal presence.
to receive . . . a kingdom--be invested with royalty; as when Herod went to Rome and was there made king; a striking expression of what our Lord went away for and received, "sitting down at the right hand of the Majesty on high."
to return--at His second coming.
13 Occupy--"negotiate," "do business," with the resources entrusted.
14 his citizens--His proper subjects; meaning the Jews, who expressly repudiating our Lord's claims said, "We have no king but Cćsar" (
John 19:15). In Christendom, these correspond to infidel rejecters of Christianity, as distinguished from professed Christians.
15 (See on
Matt 25:19-
Matt 25:29.)
ten . . . five cities--different degrees of future gracious reward, proportioned to the measure of present fidelity.
27 bring hither, &c.--(Compare
1Sam 15:32-33). Referring to the awful destruction of Jerusalem, but pointing to the final destruction of all that are found in open rebellion against Christ.
29 CHRIST'S TRIUMPHANT ENTRY INTO JERUSALEM AND TEARS OVER IT. (Luke 19:28-44)
Bethphage--"house of figs," a village which with Bethany lay along the further side of Mount Olivet, east of Jerusalem.
30 whereon, &c.--(See on
John 19:41).
31 the Lord hath need, &c.--He both knew all and had the key of the human heart. (See on
Luke 19:5.) Perhaps the owner was a disciple.
35 set Jesus on--He allowing this, as befitting the state He was for the first and only time assuming.
37 whole multitude, &c.--The language here is very grand, intended to express a burst of admiration far wider and deeper than ever had been witnessed before.
38 Blessed be the King, &c.--Mark (
Mark 11:9-
Mark 11:10) more fully, "Hosanna," that is, "Save now," the words of
Ps 118:25, which were understood to refer to Messiah; and so they add, "to the Son of David, blessed is He that cometh in the name of the Lord (
Ps 118:26), Hosanna in the highest." This was the very loftiest style in which He could be saluted as the promised Deliverer.
peace, &c.--(See on
Luke 2:13-
Luke 2:14).
40 the stones, &c.--Hitherto the Lord had discouraged all demonstrations in His favor; latterly He had begun an opposite course; on this one occasion He seems to yield His whole soul to the wide and deep acclaim with a mysterious satisfaction, regarding it as so necessary a part of the regal dignity in which as Messiah He for this last time entered the city, that if not offered by the vast multitude, it would have been wrung out of the stones rather than be withheld (
Hab 2:11).
41 when beheld . . . wept--Compare
Lam 3:51, "Mine eye affecteth mine heart"; the heart again affecting the eye. Under this sympathetic law of the relation of mind and body, Jesus, in His beautiful, tender humanity, was constituted even as we. What a contrast to the immediately preceding profound joy! He yielded Himself alike freely to both. (See on
Matt 23:37.)
42 at least in this, &c.--even at this moving moment. (See on
Luke 13:9.)
thy peace--thinking perhaps of the name of the city. (
Heb 7:2) [WEBSTER and WILKINSON]. How much is included in this word!
now . . . hid--It was His among His last open efforts to "gather them," but their eyes were judicially closed.
43 a trench--a rampart; first of wood, and when this was burnt, a built wall, four miles in circuit, built in three days--so determined were they. This "cut off all hope of escape," and consigned the city to unparalleled horrors. (See JOSEPHUS, Wars of the Jews, 6.2; 12.3,4.) All here predicted was with dreadful literally fulfilled.
45 SECOND CLEANSING OF THE TEMPLE AND SUBSEQUENT TEACHING. (
Luke 19:45-
Luke 19:48)
As the first cleansing was on His first visit to Jerusalem (
John 2:13-
John 2:22), so this second cleansing was on His last.
den of thieves--banded together for plunder, reckless of principle. The mild term "house of merchandise," used on the former occasion, was now unsuitable.
47 sought--continued seeking, that is, daily, as He taught.
48 were very attentive to hear him--hung upon His words.