1Slyšte to, Jákobův dome, vy, kteří se nazýváte Izraelovým jménem1 a kteří jste vyšli ze samotných judských2 vod, vy, kteří přísaháte při Jehovově jménu3 a kteří se dokonce zmiňujete o Bohu Izraele,4 ne v pravdě a ne ve spravedlnosti.5 (1Gn 32:28 Gn 35:10 2Kr 17:34 Ř 9:6 2Gn 49:8 1Pa 5:2 1Pa 28:4 3Dt 6:13 Jr 4:2 Sf 1:5 4Ex 23:13 Iz 26:13 5Lv 19:12 Jr 4:2 Mal 3:7) 2Vždyť se nazývali jako ti, kteří jsou ze svatého města1, a opírali se o Boha Izraele,2 Jehova vojsk je jeho jméno.3 (1Neh 11:1 Ž 48:1 Iz 52:1 2Sd 17:13 Jr 21:2 Ř 2:17 3Jr 10:16) 3První věci jsem sděloval dokonce od toho času a vycházely z mých vlastních úst a já je dával slyšet.1 Náhle jsem jednal, a ty věci nastaly.2 (1Dt 28:15 Iz 41:22 Iz 42:9 2Joz 21:45 Joz 23:14 Iz 55:11) 4Jelikož vím, že jsi tvrdý1 a že tvá šíje je železná šlacha2 a tvé čelo je měď,3 (12Pa 36:16 Ž 78:8 Iz 46:12 Za 7:11 2Ex 32:9 Dt 10:16 2Kr 17:14 3Jr 44:16 Ez 3:7) 5také jsem ti to od toho času stále sděloval. Než to mohlo nastat, způsobil jsem, abys to slyšel,1 abys neřekl: Udělala je má vlastní modla a přikázal je můj vlastní vyřezávaný obraz a můj vlastní litý obraz.2 (1L 1:70 Žd 1:1 2Jr 44:17) 6Slyšel jsi.1 Podívej se na to všechno.2 Co vy, nebudete o tom povídat?3 Dal jsem ti slyšet nové věci od nynějška, dokonce věci chované v záloze, které jsi neznal.4 (1Iz 21:10 Iz 43:12 Mi 6:9 2Ž 107:43 Iz 41:20 3Ž 40:9 Iz 43:10 4Iz 42:9 2P 1:21) 7Budou stvořeny v přítomném čase, a ne od onoho času, ano věci, které jsi neslyšel dříve než dnes, abys neřekl: Pohleď, už jsem o nich věděl.1 (1Iz 46:10 Iz 65:17) 8Navíc, neslyšel jsi1 ani jsi nevěděl ani se ti od onoho času neotevřelo ucho. Vždyť dobře vím, že jsi zcela jistě stále jednal zrádně2 a byl jsi nazván přestupníkem od břicha.3 (1Iz 29:10 2Jr 5:11 Jr 9:2 Mal 2:11 3Dt 9:7 Ž 58:3 Ž 95:10) 9Kvůli svému jménu ovládnu svůj hněv1 a pro svou chválu se vůči tobě zdržím, abys nebyl odříznut.2 (11S 12:22 Ž 25:11 Ž 79:9 Jr 14:7 2Neh 9:31 Ž 78:38) 10Pohleď, přečistil jsem tě, ale ne v podobě stříbra.1 Vyvolil jsem tě v tavicí peci trápení.2 (1Jb 23:10 Př 17:3 Mal 3:3 Žd 12:11 2Iz 1:25 Jr 9:7) 11Kvůli sobě, kvůli sobě budu jednat,1 vždyť jak by se mohl někdo nechat znesvětit?2 A nikomu jinému nedám svou vlastní slávu.3 (1Iz 48:9 2Ez 20:9 Ř 2:24 3Iz 42:8) 12Naslouchej mi, Jákobe, a ty, Izraeli, můj povolaný. Já jsem Týž.1 Jsem první.2 Navíc, jsem poslední.3 (1Iz 43:13 Iz 46:4 2Iz 44:6 Zj 1:8 3Zj 22:13) 13Nadto, má vlastní ruka položila základ země1 a má vlastní pravice roztáhla nebesa.2 Volám na ně, aby zůstaly spolu stát.3 (1Jb 38:4 Ž 102:25 Iz 42:5 2Iz 40:22 3Ž 147:4) 14Seberte se, všichni, a slyšte.1 Kdo z nich sdělil tyto věci? Jehova sám si ho zamiloval.2 Učiní s Babylónem podle svého potěšení3 a jeho vlastní paže bude na Kaldejcích.4 (1Iz 48:20 2Iz 45:1 3Iz 44:28 4Iz 13:19 Jr 50:13) 15Já - já jsem promluvil. Navíc jsem ho zavolal.1 Přivedl jsem ho a jeho cesta bude učiněna úspěšnou.2 (1Iz 41:2 Jr 51:20 2Iz 45:5) 16Přibližte se ke mně. Slyšte to. Od začátku jsem vůbec nemluvil v žádné skrýši.1 Jsem tam od času, kdy se to stalo. A nyní mě poslal sám Svrchovaný Pán Jehova, dokonce jeho duch.2 (1Iz 45:19 2Iz 61:1) 17Tak řekl Jehova, tvůj Výplatce1, Svatý Izraele:2 Já, Jehova, jsem tvůj Bůh, Ten, kdo tě vyučuje k tvému prospěchu,3 Ten, kdo působí, že šlapeš cestou, kterou bys měl chodit.4 (1Iz 43:14 Iz 44:6 2Iz 54:5 31Kr 8:36 Ž 25:8 Iz 30:20 Iz 54:13 Mi 4:2 4Ž 32:8 Iz 30:21 Iz 49:10) 18Kdybys jen opravdu věnoval pozornost mým přikázáním!1 Potom by byl tvůj pokoj právě jako řeka2 a tvá spravedlnost jako mořské vlny.3 (1Dt 5:29 Ž 81:13 2Ž 119:165 Iz 32:18 Iz 66:12 3Am 5:24) 19A tvého potomstva by bylo jako písku a potomků z tvého nitra jako jeho zrnek.1 Ničí jméno by nebylo odříznuto ani by přede mnou nebylo vyhlazeno.2 (1Gn 22:17 Jr 33:22 Oz 1:10 2Rt 4:10 Př 10:7) 20Vyjděte z Babylóna!1 Utečte od Kaldejců.2 Povídejte o tom dokonce se zvukem radostného volání, způsobte, aby to bylo slyšet.3 Nechte to dojít na nejzazší konec země.4 Řekněte: Jehova vyplatil svého sluhu Jákoba.5 (1Jr 50:8 Zj 18:4 2Jr 51:54 3Př 10:28 Iz 49:13 Zj 18:20 4Jr 50:2 5Jr 31:10) 21A nedostali žízeň,1 když je nechal kráčet dokonce zpustošenými místy.2 Způsobil, aby jim vyprýštila voda ze skály, a pak rozpoltil skálu, aby mohla voda proudit ven.3 (1Ex 15:25 Ex 17:6 Dt 8:15 2Iz 43:19 3Nu 20:11 Neh 9:15 Ž 78:15) 22Není žádný pokoj, řekl Jehova, pro ničemné.1 (1Iz 57:20 Iz 57:21 Ř 3:17)
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 THE THINGS THAT BEFALL BABYLON JEHOVAH PREDICTED LONG BEFORE, LEST ISRAEL SHOULD ATTRIBUTE THEM, IN ITS "OBSTINATE" PERVERSITY, TO STRANGE GODS (
Isa 48:1-
Isa 48:5). (Isa. 48:1-22)
the waters of Judah--spring from the fountain of Judah (
Num 24:7;
Deut 33:28;
Ps 68:26; Margin). Judah has the "fountain" attributed to it, because it survived the ten tribes, and from it Messiah was to spring.
swear by . . . Lord-- (
Isa 19:18;
Isa 45:23;
Isa 65:16).
mention--in prayers and praises.
not in truth-- (
Jer 5:2;
John 4:24).
2 For--Ye deserve these reproofs; "for" ye call yourselves citizens of "the holy city" (
Isa 52:1), but not in truth (
Isa 48:1;
Neh 11:1;
Dan 9:24); so the inscription on their coins of the time of the Maccabees. "Jerusalem the Holy."
3 former--things which have happened in time past to Israel (
Isa 42:9;
Isa 44:7-
Isa 44:8;
Isa 45:21;
Isa 46:10).
suddenly--They came to pass so unexpectedly that the prophecy could not have resulted from mere human sagacity.
4 obstinate--Hebrew, "hard" (
Deut 9:27;
Ezek 3:7, Margin).
iron sinew--inflexible (
Acts 7:51).
brow brass--shameless as a harlot (see
Jer 6:28;
Jer 3:3;
Ezek 3:7, Margin).
5 (See on
Isa 48:1;
Isa 48:3).
6 Thou, &c.--So "ye are my witnesses" (
Isa 43:10). Thou canst testify the prediction was uttered long before the fulfilment: "see all this," namely, that the event answers to the prophecy.
declare--make the fact known as a proof that Jehovah alone is God (
Isa 44:8).
new things--namely, the deliverance from Babylon by Cyrus, new in contradistinction from former predictions that had been fulfilled (
Isa 42:9;
Isa 43:19). Antitypically, the prophecy has in view the "new things" of the gospel treasury (
Song 7:13;
Matt 13:52;
2Cor 5:17;
Rev 21:5). From this point forward, the prophecies as to Messiah's first and second advents and the restoration of Israel, have a new circumstantial distinctness, such as did not characterize the previous ones, even of Isaiah. Babylon, in this view, answers to the mystical Babylon of Revelation.
hidden--which could not have been guessed by political sagacity (
Dan 2:22,
Dan 2:29;
1Cor 2:9-10).
7 Not like natural results from existing causes, the events when they took place were like acts of creative power, such as had never before been "from the beginning."
even before the day when--rather [MAURER], "And before the day (of their occurrence) thou hast not heard of them"; that is, by any human acuteness; they are only heard of by the present inspired announcement.
8 heardest not--repeated, as also "knewest not," from
Isa 48:7.
from that time--Mine anger towards thee. Omit "that." "Yea, from "the first thine ear did not open itself," namely, to obey them [ROSENMULLER]. "To open the ear" denotes obedient attention (
Isa 50:5); or, "was not opened" to receive them; that is, they were not declared by Me to thee previously, since, if thou hadst been informed of them, such is thy perversity, thou couldst not have been kept in check [MAURER]. In the former view, the sense of the words following is, "For I knew that, if I had not foretold the destruction of Babylon so plainly that there could be no perverting of it, thou wouldst have perversely ascribed it to idols, or something else than to Me" (
Isa 48:5). Thus they would have relapsed into idolatry, to cure them of which the Babylonian captivity was sent: so they had done (
Exod 32:4). After the return, and ever since, they have utterly forsaken idols.
wast called--as thine appropriate appellation (
Isa 9:6).
from the womb--from the beginning of Israel's national existence (
Isa 44:2).
9 refrain--literally, "muzzle"; His wrath, after the return, was to be restrained a while, and then, because of their sins, let loose again (
Ps 78:38).
for thee--that is, that--omit "that": "From thee."
10 (See on
Isa 1:25).
with silver--rather, "for silver." I sought by affliction to purify thee, but thou wast not as silver obtained by melting, but as dross [GESENIUS]. Thy repentance is not complete: thou art not yet as refined silver. ROSENMULLER explains, "not as silver," not with the intense heat needed to melt silver (it being harder to melt than gold), that is, not with the most extreme severity. The former view is better (
Isa 1:25;
Isa 42:25;
Ezek 22:18-
Ezek 22:20,
Ezek 22:22).
chosen--or else [LOWTH], tried . . . proved: according to GESENIUS, literally, "to rub with the touchstone," or to cut in pieces so as to examine (
Zech 13:9;
Mal 3:3;
1Pet 1:7).
11 how should my name--MAURER, instead of "My name" from
Isa 48:9, supplies "My glory" from the next clause; and translates, "How (shamefully) My glory has been profaned!" In English Version the sense is, "I will refrain (
Isa 48:9, that is, not utterly destroy thee), for why should I permit My name to be polluted, which it would be, if the Lord utterly destroyed His elect people" (
Ezek 20:9)?
not give my glory unto another--If God forsook His people for ever, the heathen would attribute their triumph over Israel to their idols; so God's glory would be given to another.
12 The Almighty, who has founded heaven and earth, can, and will, restore His people.
the first . . . last-- (
Isa 41:4;
Isa 44:6).
13 spanned--measured out (
Isa 40:12).
when I call . . . stand up together-- (
Isa 40:26;
Jer 33:25). But it is not their creation so much which is meant, as that, like ministers of God, the heavens and the earth are prepared at His command to execute His decrees (
Ps 119:91) [ROSENMULLER].
14 among them--among the gods and astrologers of the Chaldees (
Isa 41:22;
Isa 43:9;
Isa 44:7).
Lord . . . loved him; he will, &c.--that is, "He whom the Lord hath loved will do," &c. [LOWTH]; namely, Cyrus (
Isa 44:28;
Isa 45:1,
Isa 45:13;
Isa 46:11). However, Jehovah's language of love is too strong to apply to Cyrus, except as type of Messiah, to whom alone it fully applies (
Rev 5:2-
Rev 5:5).
his pleasure--not Cyrus' own, but Jehovah's.
15 brought--led him on his way.
he--change from the first to the third person [BARNES]. Jehovah shall make his (Cyrus') way prosperous.
16 not . . . in secret-- (
Isa 45:19). Jehovah foretold Cyrus' advent, not with the studied ambiguity of heathen oracles, but plainly.
from the time, &c.--From the moment that the purpose began to be accomplished in the raising up of Cyrus I was present.
sent me--The prophet here speaks, claiming attention to his announcement as to Cyrus, on the ground of his mission from God and His Spirit. But he speaks not in his own person so much as in that of Messiah, to whom alone in the fullest sense the words apply (
Isa 61:1;
John 10:36). Plainly,
Isa 49:1, which is the continuation of the forty-eighth chapter, from
Isa 48:16, where the change of speaker from God (
Isa 48:1,
Isa 48:12-
Isa 48:15) begins, is the language of Messiah.
Luke 4:1,
Luke 4:14,
Luke 4:18, shows that the Spirit combined with the Father in sending the Son: therefore "His Spirit" is nominative to "sent," not accusative, following it.
17 teacheth . . . to profit--by affliction, such as the Babylonish captivity, and the present long-continued dispersion of Israel (
Heb 12:10).
18 peace-- (
Ps 119:165). Compare the desire expressed by the same Messiah (
Matt 23:37;
Luke 19:42).
river-- (
Isa 33:21;
Isa 41:18), a river flowing from God's throne is the symbol of free, abundant, and ever flowing blessings from Him (
Ezek 47:1;
Zech 14:8;
Rev 22:1).
righteousness--religious prosperity; the parent of "peace" or national prosperity; therefore "peace" corresponds to "righteousness" in the parallelism (
Isa 32:17).
19 sand--retaining the metaphor of "the sea" (
Isa 48:18).
like the gravel thereof--rather, as the Hebrew, "like that (the offspring) of its (the sea's) bowels"; referring to the countless living creatures, fishes, &c., of the sea, rather than the gravel [MAURER]. JEROME, Chaldee, and Syriac support English Version.
his name . . . cut off--transition from the second person, "thy," to the third "his." Israel's name was cut off "as a nation" during the Babylonish captivity; also it is so now, to which the prophecy especially looks (
Rom 11:20).
20 Go . . . forth . . . end of the earth--Primarily, a prophecy of their joyful deliverance from Babylon, and a direction that they should leave it when God opened the way. But the publication of it "to the ends of the earth" shows it has a more world-wide scope antitypically;
Rev 18:4 shows that the mystical Babylon is ultimately meant.
redeemed . . . Jacob-- (
Isa 43:1;
Isa 44:22-
Isa 44:23).
21 Ezra, in describing the return, makes no mention of God cleaving the rock for them in the desert [KIMCHI]. The circumstances, therefore, of the deliverance from Egypt (
Exod 17:6;
Num 20:11;
Ps 78:15;
Ps 105:41) and of that from Babylon, are blended together; the language, while more immediately referring to the latter deliverance, yet, as being blended with circumstances of the former not strictly applicable to the latter, cannot wholly refer to either, but to the mystic deliverance of man under Messiah, and literally to the final restoration of Israel.
22 Repeated (
Isa 57:21). All the blessings just mentioned (
Isa 48:21) belong only to the godly, not to the wicked. Israel shall first cast away its wicked unbelief before it shall inherit national prosperity (
Zech 12:10-
Zech 12:14;
Zech 13:1,
Zech 13:9;
Zech 14:3,
Zech 14:14,
Zech 14:20-
Zech 14:21). The sentiment holds good also as to all wicked men (
Job 15:20-
Job 15:25,
Job 15:31-
Job 15:34).
Messiah, as the ideal Israel (
Isa 49:3), states the object of His mission, His want of success for a time, yet His certainty of ultimate success.