1Mezitím se kolem něho shromáždilo tak obrovské množství lidí, že se div neušlapali. Začal mluvit nejprve ke svým učedníkům: » Varujte se farizejského kvasu, to znamená pokrytectví! 2Nic není zahaleného, že by to nebylo odhaleno, a nic skrytého, že by to nebylo poznáno. 3Proto všechno, co jste řekli ve tmě, bude slyšet na světle, a co jste pošeptali do ucha za zavřenými dveřmi, bude rozhlášeno ze střech. 4Říkám vám, moji přátelé: Nebojte se těch, kdo zabíjejí tělo, ale potom už nemají, co by ještě udělali. 5Ukážu vám, koho se máte bát: Bojte se toho, který když usmrtí, má moc uvrhnout do pekla. Ano, říkám vám: toho se bojte! 6Copak se neprodává pět vrabců za dva halíře? A ani jediný z nich není u Boha zapomenut. 7U vás však jsou spočítány i všechny vlasy na hlavě. Nebojte se! Máte větší cenu než všichni vrabci! 8Říkám vám: Ke každému, kdo se ke mně přizná před lidmi, i Syn člověka se přizná před Božími anděly. 9Kdo však mě před lidmi zapře, bude zapřen před Božími anděly. 10Každému, kdo řekne slovo proti Synu člověka, bude odpuštěno; kdo by se však rouhal Duchu svatému, tomu odpuštěno nebude. 11Až vás budou předvádět do synagóg na soud, před úřady a vrchnosti, nedělejte si starosti, jak a čím byste se hájili nebo co byste měli říci. 12V tu chvíli vás totiž Duch svatý poučí, co je třeba říci.« 13Někdo ze zástupu ho požádal: »Mistře, řekni mému bratrovi, aby se rozdělil se mnou o dědictví!« 14Odpověděl mu: »Člověče, kdo mě ustanovil nad vámi soudcem nebo rozhodčím?« 15Potom jim řekl: »Dejte si pozor a chraňte se před každou chamtivostí. Neboť i když má někdo nadbytek, jeho život není zajištěn tím, co má.« 16Pověděl jim toto podobenství: »Jednomu bohatému člověku se na poli hojně urodilo. 17Uvažoval tedy sám pro sebe: 'Co mám udělat? Vždyť už nemám, kam svou úrodu uložit! 18Tohle udělám,' řekl si, 'strhnu své stodoly, vystavím větší a tam složím všechno své obilí i své zásoby. 19Pak si mohu říci: Máš velké zásoby na mnoho let. Klidně si žij, jez, pij, vesele hoduj!' 20Bůh však mu řekl: 'Blázne, ještě této noci budeš muset odevzdat svou duši a čí bude to, co jsi nashromáždil?' 21Tak to dopadá s tím, kdo si hromadí poklady, ale není bohatý před Bohem.« 22Dále řekl svým učedníkům: »Proto vám říkám: Nedělejte si starosti o svůj život, co budete jíst, ani o své tělo, do čeho se budete oblékat. 23Vždyť život je víc než jídlo a tělo víc než šaty. 24Podívejte se na havrany! Nesejí, nežnou, nemají zásobárnu ani stodolu; živí je Bůh. Oč větší cenu máte vy než ptáci! 25Kdo z vás si může svou starostlivostí prodloužit život i jen o chvilku? 26Jestliže tedy nedokážete ani to nejmenší, co si děláte starosti o to ostatní? 27Podívejte se na lilie, jak rostou, nepředou ani netkají - a říkám vám: ani Šalomoun v celé své nádheře nebyl tak oblečen jako jedna z nich! 28Jestliže tedy Bůh tak obléká trávu, která dnes je na poli, a zítra se hodí do pece, čím spíše vás, malověrní? 29Neshánějte se po tom, co budete jíst a pít, a neznepokojujte se tím! 30Po tom všem se shánějí ve světě pohané; váš Otec přece ví, že to potřebujete. 31Hledejte spíš jeho království, a to ostatní vám bude přidáno. 32Neboj se, malé stádce! Váš Otec rozhodl, že vám dá království. 33Prodejte svůj majetek a rozdejte na almužnu. Opatřte si měšce, které nezpuchřejí, poklad v nebi, kterého neubývá, kam se k němu zloděj nedostane a kde ho mol nerozežere. 34Vždyť kde je váš poklad, tam bude i vaše srdce! 35Mějte bedra přepásaná a vaše lampy ať hoří, 36abyste se podobali lidem, kteří čekají na svého pána, až se vrátí ze svatby, aby mu hned otevřeli, když přijde a zatluče. 37Blahoslavení služebníci, které pán při svém příchodu najde, jak bdí. Amen, pravím vám: Přepáše se, pozve je ke stolu, bude chodit od jednoho k druhému a obsluhovat je. 38A když přijde po půlnoci nebo při rozednění a na-lezne je tak, jsou blahoslavení. 39Uvažte tohle: Kdyby hospodář věděl, v kterou hodinu přijde zloděj, nenechal by ho prokopat se do domu. 40I vy buďte připraveni, neboť Syn člověka přijde v hodinu, kdy se nenadějete.« 41Petr se ho zeptal: »Pane, říkáš toto podobenství jenom nám, nebo všem?« 42Pán řekl: »Kdo je tedy ten věrný a rozvážný správce, kterého pán ustanoví nad svým služebnictvem, aby jim dával včas příděl jídla? 43Blaze tomu služebníku, kterého pán při svém příchodu najde, že to dělá! 44Opravdu, říkám vám: Ustanoví ho nad celým svým majetkem. 45Kdyby si však onen služebník pomyslil: 'Můj pán hned tak nepřijde', a začal tlouci čeledíny a děvečky, jíst, pít a opíjet se, 46přijde pán toho služebníka v den, kdy to nečeká, a v hodinu, kterou netuší, ztrestá ho a odsoudí ho ke stejnému údělu s nevěřícími. 47Služebník, který zná vůli svého pána, a přece nic podle jeho vůle nepřipraví a nezařídí, dostane mnoho ran. 48Ten však, kdo ji nezná, a udělá to, co zasluhuje bití, dostane jich méně. Kdo mnoho dostal, od toho se mnoho očekává, a komu se mnoho svěřilo, od toho se bude víc žádat. 49Oheň jsem přišel vrhnout na zem, a jak si přeji, aby už vzplanul! 50V křest mám být ponořen, a jak je mi úzko, než bude vykonán! 51Myslíte, že jsem přišel dát mír na zemi? Ne, říkám vám, ale rozdělení. 52Od nynějška totiž bude rozděleno pět lidí v jednom domě: tři proti dvěma a dva proti třem. 53Budou rozděleni otec proti synovi a syn proti otci, matka proti dceři a dcera proti matce, tchyně proti snaše a snacha proti tchyni.« 54Řekl pak také zástupům: »Když vidíte, že na západě vystupuje mrak, hned říkáte: 'Přijde déšť' a bývá tomu tak. 55Když však vane vítr z jihu, říkáte: 'Bude horko' a bývá. 56Pokrytci! Úkazy na zemi i na obloze umíte posoudit; jak to, že nedovedete posoudit tuto dobu? 57Proč sami od sebe nerozeznáte, co je správné? 58Když jdeš se svým protivníkem na úřad, udělej všechno, aby ses ještě cestou s ním vyrovnal. Jinak tě povleče k soudci, soudce tě odevzdá biřici a biřic tě uvrhne do vězení. 59Říkám ti: Nevyjdeš odtamtud, dokud nezaplatíš do posledního halíře!«
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 WARNING AGAINST HYPOCRISY. (
Łk 12:1-
Łk 12:12)
meantime--in close connection, probably, with the foregoing scene. Our Lord had been speaking out more plainly than ever before, as matters were coming to a head between Him and His enemies, and this seems to have suggested to His own mind the warning here. He had just Himself illustriously exemplified His own precepts.
his disciples first of all--afterwards to "the multitudes" (
Łk 12:54).
covered--from the view.
2 hid--from knowledge. "Tis no use concealing anything, for all will one day come out. Give free and fearless utterance then to all the truth." (Compare
1Ko 4:3,
1Ko 4:5).
4 I say, &c.--You will say, That may cost us our life. Be it so; but, "My friends, there their power ends." He calls them "my friends" here, not in any loose sense, but, as we think, from the feeling He then had that in this "killing of the body" He and they were going to be affectingly one with each other.
5 Fear Him . . . Fear Him--how striking the repetition here! Only the one fear would effectually expel the other.
after he hath killed, &c.--Learn here--(1) To play false with one's convictions to save one's life, may fail of its end after all, for God can inflict a violent death in some other and equally formidable way. (2) There is a hell, it seems, for the body as well as the soul; consequently, sufferings adapted to the one as well as the other. (3) Fear of hell is a divinely authorized and needed motive of action even to Christ's "friends." (4) As Christ's meekness and gentleness were not compromised by such harsh notes as these, so those servants of Christ lack their Master's spirit who soften down all such language to please ears "polite." (See on
Mk 9:43-
Mk 9:48).
6 five . . . for two farthings--In
Mt 10:29 it is "two for one farthing"; so if one took two farthings' worth, he got one in addition--of such small value were they.
than many sparrows--not "than millions of sparrows"; the charm and power of our Lord's teaching is very much in this simplicity.
8 confess . . . deny--The point lies in doing it "before men," because one has to do it "despising the shame." But when done, the Lord holds Himself bound to repay it in kind by confessing such "before the angels of God." For the rest, see on
Łk 9:26.
10 Son of man . . . Holy Ghost--(See on
Mt 12:31-
Mt 12:32).
13 COVETOUSNESS--WATCHFULNESS--SUPERIORITY TO EARTHLY TIES. (Luke 12:13-53)
Master, &c.--that is, "Great Preacher of righteousness, help; there is need of Thee in this rapacious world; here am I the victim of injustice, and that from my own brother, who withholds from me my rightful share of the inheritance that has fallen to us." In this most inopportune intrusion upon the solemnities of our Lord's teaching, there is a mixture of the absurd and the irreverent, the one, however, occasioning the other. The man had not the least idea that his case was not of as urgent a nature, and as worthy the attention of our Lord, as anything else He could deal with.
14 Man, &c.--Contrast this style of address with "my friends," (
Łk 12:4).
who, &c.--a question literally repudiating the office which Moses assumed (
Wj 2:14). The influence of religious teachers in the external relations of life has ever been immense, when only the INDIRECT effect of their teaching; but whenever they intermeddle DIRECTLY with secular and political matters, the spell of that influence is broken.
15 unto them--the multitude around Him (
Łk 12:1).
of covetousness--The best copies have "all," that is, "every kind of covetousness"; because as this was one of the more plausible forms of it, so He would strike at once at the root of the evil.
a man's life, &c.--a singularly weighty maxim, and not less so because its meaning and its truth are equally evident.
16 a certain rich man, &c.--Why is this man called a "fool?" (
Łk 12:20) (1) Because he deemed a life of secure and abundant earthly enjoyment the summit of human felicity. (2) Because, possessing the means of this, through prosperity in his calling, he flattered himself that he had a long lease of such enjoyment, and nothing to do but give himself up to it. Nothing else is laid to his charge.
20 this night, &c.--This sudden cutting short of his career is designed to express not only the folly of building securely upon the future, but of throwing one's whole soul into what may at any moment be gone. "Thy soul shall be required of thee" is put in opposition to his own treatment of it, "I will say to my soul, Soul," &c.
whose shall those things be, &c.--Compare
Ps 39:6, "He heapeth up riches and knoweth not who shall gather them."
21 So is he, &c.--Such is a picture of his folly here, and of its awful issue.
and is not rich toward God--lives to amass and enjoy riches which terminate on self, but as to the riches of God's favor, which is life (
Ps 30:5), of "precious" faith (
2Pt 1:1;
Jak 2:5), of good works (
1Tm 6:18), of wisdom which is better than rubies (
Prz 8:11) --lives and dies a beggar!
22 (See on
Mt 6:25-
Mt 6:33).
25 which of you, &c.--Corroding solicitude will not bring you the least of the things ye fret about, though it may double the evil of wanting them. And if not the least, why vex yourselves about things of more consequence?
29 of doubtful, &c.--unsettled mind; put off your balance.
32 little flock, &c.--How sublime and touching a contrast between this tender and pitying appellation, "Little flock" (in the original a double diminutive, which in German can be expressed, but not in English)--and the "good pleasure" of the Father to give them the Kingdom; the one recalling the insignificance and helplessness of that then literal handful of disciples, the other holding up to their view the eternal love that encircled them, the everlasting arms that were underneath them, and the high inheritance awaiting them!--"the kingdom"; grand word; then why not "bread" (
Łk 12:31 [BENGEL]). Well might He say, "Fear not!"
33 Sell, &c.--This is but a more vivid expression of
Mt 6:19-
Mt 6:21 (see on
Mt 6:19-
Mt 6:21).
35 loins . . . girded--to fasten up the long outer garment, always done before travel and work (
2Kl 4:29;
Dz 12:8). The meaning is, Be in readiness.
lights, &c.--(See on
Mt 25:1).
36 return from the wedding--not come to it, as in the parable of the virgins. Both have their spiritual significance; but preparedness for Christ's coming is the prominent idea.
37 gird himself, &c.--"a promise the most august of all: Thus will the Bridegroom entertain his friends (nay, servants) on the solemn Nuptial Day" [BENGEL].
38 second . . . third watch--To find them ready to receive Him at any hour of day or night, when one might least of all expect Him, is peculiarly blessed. A servant may be truly faithful, even though taken so far unawares that he has not everything in such order and readiness for his master's return as he thinks is due to him, and both could and would have had if he had had notice of the time of his coming, and so may not be willing to open to him "immediately," but fly to preparation, and let his master knock again ere he admit him, and even then not with full joy. A too common case this with Christians. But if the servant have himself and all under his charge in such a state that at any hour when his master knocks, he can open to him "immediately," and hail his "return"--that is the most enviable, "blessed" servant of all.
41 unto us or even to all?--us the Twelve, or all this vast audience?
42 Who then, &c.--answering the question indirectly by another question, from which they were left to gather what it would be:--To you certainly in the first instance, representing the "stewards" of the "household" I am about to collect, but generally to all "servants" in My house.
faithful and wise--Fidelity is the first requisite in a servant, wisdom (discretion and judgment in the exercise of his functions), the next.
steward--house steward, whose it was to distribute to the servants their allotted portion of food.
shall make--will deem fit to be made.
44 make him ruler over all he hath--will advance him to the highest post, referring to the world to come. (See
Mt 25:21,
Mt 25:23).
45 begin to beat, &c.--In the confidence that his Lord's return will not be speedy, he throws off the role of servant and plays the master, maltreating those faithful servants who refuse to join him, seizing on and revelling in the fulness of his master's board; intending, when he has got his fill, to resume the mask of fidelity ere his master appear.
46 cut him in sunder--a punishment not unknown in the East; compare
Heb 11:37, "sawn asunder" (
1Sm 15:33;
Dn 2:5).
the unbelievers--the unfaithful, those unworthy of trust (
Mt 24:51), "the hypocrites," falsely calling themselves "servants."
48 knew not--that is knew but partially; for some knowledge is presupposed both in the name "servant" of Christ, and his being liable to punishment at all.
many . . . few stripes--degrees of future punishment proportioned to the knowledge sinned against. Even heathens are not without knowledge enough for future judgment; but the reference here is not to such. It is a solemn truth, and though general, like all other revelations of the future world, discloses a tangible and momentous principle in its awards.
49 to send--cast.
fire--"the higher spiritual element of life which Jesus came to introduce into this earth (compare
Mt 3:11), with reference to its mighty effects in quickening all that is akin to it and destroying all that is opposed. To cause this element of life to take up its abode on earth, and wholly to pervade human hearts with its warmth, was the lofty destiny of the Redeemer" [OLSHAUSEN: so CALVIN, STIER, ALFORD, &c.].
what will I, &c.--an obscure expression, uttered under deep and half-smothered emotion. In its general import all are agreed; but the nearest to the precise meaning seems to be, "And what should I have to desire if it were once already kindled?" [BENGEL and BLOOMFIELD].
50 But . . . a baptism, &c.--clearly, His own bloody baptism, first to take place.
how . . . straitened--not, "how do I long for its accomplishment," as many understand it, thus making it but a repetition of
Łk 12:49; but "what a pressure of spirit is upon Me."
till it be accomplished--till it be over. Before a promiscuous audience, such obscure language was fit on a theme like this; but oh, what surges of mysterious emotion in the view of what was now so near at hand does it reveal!
51 peace . . . ? Nay, &c.--the reverse of peace, in the first instance. (See on
Mt 10:34-
Mt 10:36.) The connection of all this with the foregoing warnings about hypocrisy, covetousness, and watchfulness, is deeply solemn: "My conflict hasten apace; Mine over, yours begins; and then, let the servants tread in their Master's steps, uttering their testimony entire and fearless, neither loving nor dreading the world, anticipating awful wrenches of the dearest ties in life, but looking forward, as I do, to the completion of their testimony, when, reaching the haven after the tempest, they shall enter into the joy of their Lord."
54 NOT DISCERNING THE SIGNS OF THE TIME. (
Łk 12:54-
Łk 12:59)
to the people--"the multitude," a word of special warning to the thoughtless crowd, before dismissing them. (See on
Mt 16:2-
Mt 16:3).
56 how . . . not discern, &c.--unable to perceive what a critical period that was for the Jewish Church.
57 why even of yourselves, &c.--They might say, To do this requires more knowledge of Scripture and providence than we possess; but He sends them to their own conscience, as enough to show them who He was, and win them to immediate discipleship.
58 When thou goest, &c.--(See on
Mt 5:25-
Mt 5:26). The urgency of the case with them, and the necessity, for their own safety, of immediate decision, was the object of these striking words.