1„Neboť království Nebes je podobné hospodáři, který časně zrána vyšel najmout dělníky na svou vinici. 2Smluvil s dělníky denár na den a poslal je na vinici. 3A když vyšel kolem deváté hodiny, spatřil jiné, jak stojí nečinně na tržišti, 4a řekl jim: ‚Jděte i vy na vinici a dám vám, co bude spravedlivé.‘ 5Oni šli. Opět vyšel kolem dvanácté a třetí hodiny odpoledne a učinil stejně. 6Vyšel kolem páté hodiny a našel jiné, jak tam stojí, a řekl jim: ‚Proč tu stojíte celý den nečinně?‘ 7Řekli mu: ‚Protože nás nikdo nenajal.‘ Řekl jim: ‚Jděte i vy na mou vinici a dostanete, co bude spravedlivé.‘ 8Když nastal večer, řekl pán vinice svému správci: ‚Zavolej dělníky a vyplať jim mzdu, počna od posledních až k prvním.‘ 9Přišli ti, kteří byli najati okolo páté hodiny, a každý dostal denár. 10Když přišli ti první, myslili, že dostanou víc; ale i oni dostali po denáru. 11Vzali si jej, ale reptali proti hospodáři: 12‚Tito poslední dělali jedinou hodinu a postavil jsi je na roveň nám, kteří jsme nesli tíhu dne a vedro!‘ 13On však jednomu z nich odpověděl: ‚Příteli, nekřivdím ti! Nesmluvil jsi se mnou denár za den? 14Vezmi, co ti patří, a odejdi! Chci i tomu poslednímu dát jako tobě. 15Nemám snad právo udělat si ve svých záležitostech, co chci? Anebo závidíš, že já jsem dobrý?‘ 16Tak budou poslední první a první poslední. Neboť je mnoho pozvaných, ale málo vybraných. “ 17Když Ježíš vystupoval do Jeruzaléma, vzal si stranou dvanáct učedníků a cestou jim řekl: 18„Hle, vystupujeme do Jeruzaléma a Syn člověka bude vydán velekněžím a učitelům Zákona. Odsoudí ho k smrti 19a vydají pohanům, aby se mu vysmáli, zbičovali ho a ukřižovali; a třetího dne bude vzkříšen. “ 20Tehdy k němu přistoupila matka synů Zebedeových se svými syny, klaněla se mu a o něco ho žádala. 21On jí řekl: „Co chceš?“ Řekla mu: „Ustanov, aby ve tvém království tito dva moji synové usedli jeden po tvé pravici a druhý po tvé levici.“ 22Ježíš odpověděl: „Nevíte, co žádáte. Můžete pít kalich, který mám pít já? “ Řekli mu: „Můžeme.“ 23Řekl jim: „Můj kalich sice pít budete, ale není mou věcí, abych dal někomu usednout po mé pravici a po mé levici, neboť tam usednou ti, pro které je to připraveno od mého Otce.“ 24Když to uslyšelo těch deset, rozhořčili se na ty dva bratry. 25Ježíš si je zavolal a řekl: „Víte, že vládci národů panují nad nimi a velcí nad nimi vykonávají svou svrchovanou moc. 26Mezi vámi tomu tak nebude; ale kdo by se chtěl mezi vámi stát velkým, bude vaším služebníkem; 27a kdo by chtěl být mezi vámi první, bude vaším otrokem. 28Stejně jako Syn člověka nepřišel, aby si nechal posloužit, ale aby posloužil a dal svůj život jako výkupné za mnohé. “ 29Když vycházeli z Jericha, vydal se za ním velký zástup. 30A hle, dva slepí seděli u cesty; jakmile uslyšeli, že jde kolem Ježíš, vykřikli: „Smiluj se nad námi, Pane, synu Davidův!“ 31Zástup jim přísně domluvil, aby utichli. Oni však vykřikli ještě silněji: „Smiluj se nad námi, Pane, synu Davidův!“ 32Ježíš se zastavil, zavolal je a řekl: „Co chcete, abych vám učinil?“ 33Řekli mu: „Pane, ať se nám otevřou oči!“ 34Ježíš byl hluboce pohnut, dotkl se jejich očí, a hned prohlédli a šli za ním.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 PARABLE OF THE LABORERS IN THE VINEYARD. (Mat. 20:1-16)
For the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, &c.--The figure of a vineyard, to represent the rearing of souls for heaven, the culture required and provided for that purpose, and the care and pains which God takes in that whole matter, is familiar to every reader of the Bible. (
Ps 80:8-
Ps 80:16;
Es 5:1-
Es 5:7;
Jr 2:21;
Lc 20:9-
Lc 20:16;
Jn 15:1-
Jn 15:8). At vintage time, as WEBSTER and WILKINSON remark, labor was scarce, and masters were obliged to be early in the market to secure it. Perhaps the pressing nature of the work of the Gospel, and the comparative paucity of laborers, may be incidentally suggested,
Mt 9:37-
Mt 9:38. The "laborers," as in
Mt 9:38, are first, the official servants of the Church, but after them and along with them all the servants of Christ, whom He has laid under the weightiest obligation to work in His service.
2 And when he had agreed with the labourers for a penny--a usual day's hire.
he sent them into his vineyard.
3 And he went out about the third hour--about nine o'clock, or after a fourth of the working day had expired: the day of twelve hours was reckoned from six to six.
and saw others standing idle in the market place--unemployed.
4 And said unto them, Go ye also into the vineyard; and whatsoever is right--just, equitable, in proportion to their time.
I will give you. And they went their way.
5 Again he went out about the sixth and ninth hour--about noon, and about three o'clock in the afternoon.
and did likewise--hiring and sending into his vineyard fresh laborers each time.
6 And about the eleventh hour--but one hour before the close of the working day; a most unusual hour both for offering and engaging
and found others standing idle, and saith, Why stand ye here all the day idle?--Of course they had not been there, or not been disposed to offer themselves at the proper time; but as they were now willing, and the day was not over, and "yet there was room," they also are engaged, and on similar terms with all the rest.
8 So when even was come--that is, the reckoning time between masters and laborers (see
Dt 24:15); pointing to the day of final account.
the lord of the vineyard saith unto his steward--answering to Christ Himself, represented "as a Son over His own house" (
Heb 3:6; see
Mt 11:27;
Jn 3:35;
Jn 5:27).
Call the labourers and give them their hire, beginning from the last unto the first--Remarkable direction this--last hired, first paid.
9 And when they came that were hired about the eleventh hour, they received every man a penny--a full day's wages.
10 But when the first came, they supposed that they should have received more--This is that calculating, mercenary spirit which had peeped out--though perhaps very slightly--in Peter's question (
Mt 19:27), and which this parable was designed once for all to put down among the servants of Christ.
11 And when they had received it, they murmured against the goodman of the house--rather, "the householder," the word being the same as in
Mt 20:1.
12 Saying, These last have wrought but one hour, and thou hast made them equal unto us, which have borne the burden and heat--the burning heat.
of the day--who have wrought not only longer but during a more trying period of the day.
13 But he answered one of them--doubtless the spokesman of the complaining party.
and said, Friend, I do thee no wrong: didst not thou agree with me for a penny? &c.
15 Is it not lawful for me to do what I will with mine own? Is thine eye evil, because I am good?--that is, "You appeal to justice, and by that your mouth is shut; for the sum you agreed for is paid you. Your case being disposed of, with the terms I make with other laborers you have nothing to do; and to grudge the benevolence shown to others, when by your own admission you have been honorably dealt with, is both unworthy envy of your neighbor, and discontent with the goodness that engaged and rewarded you in his service at all."
16 So the last shall be first, and the first last--that is, "Take heed lest by indulging the spirit of these murmurers at the penny given to the last hired, ye miss your own penny, though first in the vineyard; while the consciousness of having come in so late may inspire these last with such a humble frame, and such admiration of the grace that has hired and rewarded them at all, as will put them into the foremost place in the end."
for many be called, but few chosen--This is another of our Lord's terse and pregnant sayings, more than once uttered in different connections. (See
Mt 19:30;
Mt 22:14). The "calling" of which the New Testament almost invariably speaks is what divines call effectual calling, carrying with it a supernatural operation on the will to secure its consent. But that cannot be the meaning of it here; the "called" being emphatically distinguished from the "chosen." It can only mean here the "invited." And so the sense is, Many receive the invitations of the Gospel whom God has never "chosen to salvation through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth" (
2Ts 2:13). But what, it may be asked, has this to do with the subject of our parable? Probably this--to teach us that men who have wrought in Christ's service all their days may, by the spirit which they manifest at the last, make it too evident that, as between God and their own souls, they never were chosen workmen at all.