1Blížil se Svátek nekvašených chlebů zvaný Velikonoce. 2A velekněží a zákoníci uvažovali, jak by ho zabili, neboť se báli lidu. 3A satan vstoupil do Jidáše, zvaného Iškariotský, který patřil ke Dvanácti. 4Ten odešel a domlouval se s velekněžími a veliteli stráží, jak by jim ho vydal. 5Oni se zaradovali a dohodli se, že mu dají peníze. 6Souhlasil a hledal vhodnou příležitost, aby jim ho vydal bez vědomí zástupu. 7Nastal den nekvašených chlebů, kdy se měl zabíjet velikonoční beránek, 8a on vyslal Petra a Jana se slovy: "Jděte a připravte nám velikonočního beránka, abychom ho pojedli." 9Řekli mu: "Kde chceš, abychom to připravili?" 10Řekl jim: "Hle, když vejdete do města, potká vás člověk, který ponese džbán vody. Jděte za ním do domu, kam vejde, 11a hospodáři domu řeknete: ‘Mistr ti vzkazuje: kde je místnost, v níž budu moci pojíst se svými učedníky velikonočního beránka?’ 12A on vám ukáže velkou světnici v poschodí opatřenou poduškami; tam to připravte." 13Odešli tedy a shledali vše, jak jim řekl, a připravili velikonočního beránka. 14Když nadešla ta hodina, zaujal místo u stolu a apoštolové s ním. 15A řekl jim: "Vroucně jsem si přál pojíst s vámi tohoto velikonočního beránka, ještě než budu trpět; 16neboť vám říkám, už ho nikdy nebudu jíst, dokud nedojde naplnění v Božím království." 17Potom převzal kalich, vzdal díky a řekl: "Vezměte to a rozdělte mezi sebou; 18neboť vám říkám, od nynějška už nebudu pít z plodu vinné révy, dokud nepřijde Boží království." 19Potom vzal chléb, vzdal díky, rozlámal ho a dával jim se slovy: "Toto je mé tělo, které se za vás vydává; to čiňte na mou památku." 20Po večeři udělal totéž s kalichem a řekl:,,Tento kalich je nová smlouva v mé krvi za vás prolévané. 21Avšak hle, je se mnou na stole ruka toho, jenž mě vydává. 22Syn člověka jde zajisté svou cestou tak, jak bylo určeno, ale běda tomu člověku, jehož prostřednictvím je vydáván.`` 23A oni se jeden druhého začali vyptávat, který z nich tedy je ten, kdo to udělá. 24Také mezi nimi povstal spor: kterého z nich lze asi pokládat za největšího? 25Řekl jim:,,Králové národů nad nimi panují a ti, kteří nad nimi uplatňují moc, si dávají říkat dobrodinci. 26Ale ne tak vy. Naopak, ať se ten největší mezi vámi chová jako nejmladší a ten, kdo vládne, jako ten, kdo slouží. 27Kdo je totiž větší, ten, který je u stolu, anebo ten, který obsluhuje? Ten, který je u stolu, viďte? A já jsem uprostřed vás jako ten, který slouží. 28Vy jste se mnou neochvějně vytrvali v mých zkouškách; 29a já vám uděluji království, jako je můj Otec udělil mně: 30budete jíst a pít u mého stolu v mém království a zasednete na trůny a budete soudit dvanáct Izraelových kmenů. 31Šimone, Šimone, hle satan si vás vyžádal, aby vás protříbil jako pšenici; 32ale já jsem se za tebe modlil, aby tvá víra neselhala. Ty tedy, až se obrátíš, posiluj své bratry.`` 33Ten mu řekl: "Pane, jsem hotov s tebou jít i do vězení, i na smrt." 34Ale on řekl: "Petře, říkám ti, než kohout dnes zakokrhá, třikrát zapřeš, že mě znáš." 35Potom jim řekl: "Když jsem vás poslal bez měšce, bez mošny, bez opánků, scházelo vám něco?" - "Nic," řekli. 36A on jim řekl: "Ale teď ten, kdo má měšec, ať si ho vezme, stejně tak ten, kdo má mošnu, a ten, kdo nemá, ať prodá svůj plášť a koupí si meč. 37Říkám vám totiž, musí se na mně naplnit, co je psáno: Byl započítán mezi zločince. Beztak to, co se mě týká, se chýlí ke konci." - 38"Pane," řekli, "jsou tady právě dva meče." Odpověděl jim: "To stačí!" 39Vyšel ven a jako obvykle se odebral na Olivovou horu a také učedníci šli za ním. 40Když na to místo došel, řekl jim: "Modlete se, abyste nepřišli do pokušení." 41Potom od nich poodešel, co by kamenem dohodil, poklekl a modlil se takto: 42"Otče, chceš-li, odejmi ode mne tento kalich! Ale ne má, nýbrž tvá vůle se staň!" 43Tu se mu zjevil anděl z nebe a posiloval ho. 44Upadl do smrtelné úzkosti, modlil se naléhavěji a jeho pot byl jako veliké kapky krve kanoucí na zem. 45Vstal od své modlitby, přišel k učedníkům, shledal, že zármutkem usnuli, 46a řekl jim: "Proč spíte? Vstaňte a modlete se, abyste nepřišli do pokušení." 47Zatímco ještě mluvil, hle zástup a v čele mu kráčel ten, jenž se jmenoval Jidáš, jeden ze Dvanácti; a ten přistoupil k Ježíšovi a políbil ho. 48Ale Ježíš mu řekl: "Jidáši, to polibkem vydáváš Syna člověka!" 49Když jeho druhové viděli, k čemu se schyluje, řekli mu: "Pane, máme udeřit mečem?" 50A jeden z nich udeřil veleknězova služebníka a usekl mu pravé ucho. 51Ale Ježíš se ujal slova a řekl: "Přestaňte s tím." Dotkl se jeho ucha a uzdravil je. 52Pak Ježíš řekl těm, kdo se na něho hrnuli, velekněžím, velitelům chrámových stráží a starším: "Jsem snad lupič, že jste vytáhli s meči a holemi? 53Zatímco když jsem s vámi byl každý den v Chrámě, ruce jste na mne nevztáhli. Ale je to vaše hodina a moc temnoty." 54Chopili se ho tedy, odvedli a zavedli do veleknězova domu. A Petr šel zpovzdálí za nimi. 55A protože zapálili uprostřed dvora oheň a sesedli se kolem, posadil se Petr mezi ně. 56Jakási služka ho uviděla, jak sedí u plápolajícího ohně, upřela na něho oči a řekla:,,Tenhle s ním také byl!`` 57Ale on zapřel a řekl: "Ženo, neznám ho." 58Zakrátko nato ho uviděl někdo jiný a prohlásil: "I ty k nim patříš!" Ale Petr prohlásil: "Člověče, nepatřím." 59Asi o hodinu později někdo jiný důrazně tvrdil: "Tenhleten s ním určitě byl a ostatně je to Galilejec!" Ale Petr řekl: 60"Člověče, nevím, co to říkáš." A právě v té chvíli, když ještě mluvil, zakokrhal kohout 61a Pán se obrátil a zadíval se na Petra. A Petr se rozpomenul na slovo, které mu Pán řekl: "Než kohout dnes zakokrhá, třikrát mě zapřeš!" 62Vyšel ven a hořce plakal. 63Muži, kteří ho střežili, se mu posmívali a bili ho; 64zahalili mu tvář a takto se ho vyptávali: "Prorokuj! Kdopak tě to uhodil?" 65A ještě mnoha jinými slovy ho uráželi. 66A když se rozednilo, shromáždila se rada starších lidu, velekněží a zákoníci. Přivedli ho do své velerady 67a řekli: "Jsi-li Kristus, řekni nám to." On jim řekl:,,Jestliže vám to řeknu, neuvěříte, 68a budu-li vám klást otázky, neodpovíte. 69Ale od nynějška bude Syn člověka sedět po pravici moci Boží!`` 70Tu všichni řekli:,,Ty jsi tedy Syn Boží!`` On jim prohlásil: "Vy to říkáte: já jsem." 71A oni řekli: "Na co ještě potřebujeme svědectví? Vždyť jsme to sami slyšeli z jeho úst!"
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 CONSPIRACY OF THE JEWISH AUTHORITIES TO PUT JESUS TO DEATH--COMPACT WITH JUDAS. (
Luke 22:1-
Luke 22:6)
(See on
Matt 26:1-
Matt 26:5.)
3 Then entered Satan, &c.--but not yet in the full sense. The awful stages of it were these: (1) Covetousness being his master--passion, the Lord let it reveal itself and gather strength by entrusting him with "the bag" (
John 12:6), as treasurer to Himself and the Twelve. (2) In the discharge of that most sacred trust he became "a thief," appropriating its contents from time to time to his own use. Satan, seeing this door into his heart standing wide open, determines to enter by it, but cautiously (
2Cor 2:11); first merely "putting it into his heart to betray Him" (
John 13:2), suggesting the thought to him that by this means he might enrich himself. (3) This thought was probably converted into a settled purpose by what took place in Simon's house at Bethany. (See
Matt 26:6, and see on
John 12:4-
John 12:8.) (4) Starting back, perhaps, or mercifully held back, for some time, the determination to carry it into immediate effect was not consummated till, sitting at the paschal supper, "Satan entered into him" (see on
John 13:27), and conscience, effectually stifled, only rose again to be his tormentor. What lessons in all this for every one (
Eph 4:27;
Jas 4:7;
1Pet 5:8-9)!
5 money--"thirty pieces of silver" (
Matt 26:15); thirty shekels, the fine payable for man- or maid-servant accidentally killed (
Exod 21:32), and equal to between four and five pounds of our money--"a goodly price that I was priced at of them" (
Zech 11:13). (See on
John 19:16.)
6 in the absence, &c.--(See
Matt 26:5).
7 LAST PASSOVER--INSTITUTION OF THE SUPPER--DISCOURSE AT THE TABLE. (Luke 22:7-38)
the day of unleavened bread--strictly the fifteenth Nisan (part of our March and April) after the paschal lamb was killed; but here, the fourteenth (Thursday). Into the difficult questions raised on this we cannot here enter.
10 when ye are entered the city--He Himself probably stayed at Bethany during the day.
there shall a man, &c.--(See on
Luke 19:29-
Luke 19:32).
14 the hour--about six P.M. Between three and this hour the lamb was killed (
Exod 12:6, Margin)
15 With desire . . . desired--"earnestly have I longed" (as
Gen 31:30, "sore longedst"). Why? It was to be His last "before He suffered"--and so became "Christ our Passover sacrificed for us" (
1Cor 5:7), when it was "fulfilled in the Kingdom of God," the typical ordinance thenceforth disappearing.
17 took the cup--the first of several partaken of in this service.
divide it among, &c.--that is, It is to be your last as well as Mine, "until the Kingdom of God come," or as it is beautifully given in
Matt 26:29, "until that day when I shall drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom." It was the point of transition between two economies and their two great festivals, the one about to close for ever, the other immediately to open and run its majestic career until from earth it be transferred to heaven.
21 (See on
John 13:21, &c.).
24 there was--or "had been," referring probably to some symptoms of the former strife which had reappeared, perhaps on seeing the whole paschal arrangements committed to two of the Twelve. (See on
Mark 10:42-
Mark 10:45.)
25 benefactors--a title which the vanity of princes eagerly coveted.
26 But ye . . . not--Of how little avail has this condemnation of "lordship" and vain titles been against the vanity of Christian ecclesiastics?
28 continued, &c.--affecting evidence of Christ's tender susceptibility to human sympathy and support! (See on
John 6:66-
John 6:67; see
John 16:32.)
29 I appoint, &c.--Who is this that dispenses kingdoms, nay, the Kingdom of kingdoms, within an hour or two of His apprehension, and less than a day of His shameful death? These sublime contrasts, however, perpetually meet and entrance us in this matchless history.
30 eat and drink, &c.--(See
Luke 22:16 and see on
Luke 18:28, &c.).
31 Simon, Simon--(See on
Luke 10:41).
desired to have--rather, "hath obtained you," properly "asked and obtained"; alluding to Job (
Job 1:6-
Job 1:12;
Job 2:1-
Job 2:6), whom he solicited and obtained that he might sift him as wheat, insinuating as "the accuser of the brethren" (
Rev 12:10), that he would find chaff enough in his religion, if indeed there was any wheat at all.
you--not Peter only, but them all.
32 But I have prayed--have been doing it already.
for thee--as most in danger. (See on
Luke 22:61-
Luke 22:62.)
fail not--that is, entirely; for partially it did fail.
converted--brought back afresh as a penitent disciple.
strengthen, &c.--that is, make use of thy bitter experience for the fortifying of thy tempted brethren.
33 I am ready, &c.--honest-hearted, warmly-attached disciple, thinking thy present feelings immovable as a rock, thou shalt find them in the hour of temptation unstable as water: "I have been praying for thee," therefore thy faith shall not perish; but thinking this superfluous, thou shalt find that "he that trusteth in his own heart is a fool" (
Pro 28:26).
34 cock . . . crow--"twice" (
Mark 14:30).
35 But now--that you are going forth not as before on a temporary mission, provided for without purse or scrip, but into scenes of continued and severe trial, your methods must be different; for purse and scrip will now be needed for support, and the usual means of defense.
37 the things concerning me--decreed and written.
have an end--are rapidly drawing to a close.
38 two swords . . . enough--they thinking He referred to present defense, while His answer showed He meant something else.
39 AGONY IN THE GARDEN. (
Luke 22:39-
Luke 22:46)
as . . . wont--(See
John 18:2).
40 the place--the Garden of Gethsemane, on the west or city side of the mount. Comparing all the accounts of this mysterious scene, the facts appear to be these: (1) He bade nine of the Twelve remain "here" while He went and prayed "yonder." (2) He "took the other three, Peter, James, and John, and began to be sore amazed [appalled], sorrowful, and very heavy [oppressed], and said, My soul is exceeding sorrowful even unto death"--"I feel as if nature would sink under this load, as if life were ebbing out, and death coming before its time"--"tarry ye here, and watch with Me"; not, "Witness for Me," but, "Bear Me company." It did Him good, it seems, to have them beside Him. (3) But soon even they were too much for Him: He must be alone. "He was withdrawn from them about a stone's-cast"--though near enough for them to be competent witnesses and kneeled down, uttering that most affecting prayer (
Mark 14:36), that if possible "the cup," of His approaching death, "might pass from Him, but if not, His Father's will be done": implying that in itself it was so purely revolting that only its being the Father's will would induce Him to taste it, but that in that view of it He was perfectly prepared to drink it. It is no struggle between a reluctant and a compliant will, but between two views of one event--an abstract and a relative view of it, in the one of which it was revolting, in the other welcome. By signifying how it felt in the one view, He shows His beautiful oneness with ourselves in nature and feeling; by expressing how He regarded it in the other light, He reveals His absolute obediential subjection to His Father. (4) On this, having a momentary relief, for it came upon Him, we imagine, by surges, He returns to the three, and finding them sleeping, He addresses them affectingly, particularly Peter, as in
Mark 14:37-
Mark 14:38. He then (5) goes back, not now to kneel, but fell on His face on the ground, saying the same words, but with this turn, "If this cup may not pass," &c. (
Matt 26:42) --that is, 'Yes, I understand this mysterious silence (
Ps 22:1-
Ps 22:6); it may not pass; I am to drink it, and I will'--"Thy will be done!" (6) Again, for a moment relieved, He returns and finds them "sleeping for sorrow," warns them as before, but puts a loving construction upon it, separating between the "willing spirit" and the "weak flesh." (7) Once more, returning to His solitary spot, the surges rise higher, beat more tempestuously, and seem ready to overwhelm Him. To fortify Him for this, "there appeared an angel unto Him from heaven strengthening Him"--not to minister light or comfort (He was to have none of that, and they were not needed nor fitted to convey it), but purely to sustain and brace up sinking nature for a yet hotter and fiercer struggle. And now, He is "in an agony, and prays more earnestly"--even Christ's prayer, it seems, admitted of and now demanded such increase--"and His sweat was as it were great drops [literally, 'clots'] of blood falling down to the ground." What was this? Not His proper sacrificial offering, though essential to it. It was just the internal struggle, apparently hushing itself before, but now swelling up again, convulsing His whole inner man, and this so affecting His animal nature that the sweat oozed out from every pore in thick drops of blood, falling to the ground. It was just shuddering nature and indomitable will struggling together. But again the cry, If it must be, Thy will be done, issues from His lips, and all is over. "The bitterness of death is past." He has anticipated and rehearsed His final conflict, and won the victory--now on the theater of an invincible will, as then on the arena of the Cross. "I will suffer," is the grand result of Gethsemane: "It is finished" is the shout that bursts from the Cross. The Will without the Deed had been all in vain; but His work was consummated when He carried the now manifested Will into the palpable Deed, "by the which WILL we are sanctified THROUGH THE OFFERING OF THE BODY OF JESUS CHRIST ONCE FOR ALL" (
Heb 10:10). (8) At the close of the whole scene, finding them still sleeping (worn out with continued sorrow and racking anxiety), He bids them, with an irony of deep emotion, "sleep on now and take their rest, the hour is come, the Son of man is betrayed into the hands of sinners, rise, let us be going, the traitor is at hand." And while He spoke, Judas approached with his armed band. Thus they proved "miserable comforters," broken reeds; and thus in His whole work He was alone, and "of the people there was none with Him."
61 JESUS BEFORE CAIAPHAS--FALL OF PETER. (
Luke 22:55-
Luke 22:62)
And the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter--(Also see on
Mark 14:72.)
62 And Peter went out, and wept bitterly--(Also see on
Mark 14:72.)