1Since times are not hidden from the Almighty, why do those who know Him not see His days? 2Some remove landmarks; they seize flocks and feed on them; 3they drive away the donkey of the fatherless; they take the widow's ox as a pledge. 4They thrust away the needy out of the road; the poor of the land have been forced into hiding together. 5Indeed, like wild donkeys in the desert, they go out to their work, searching for food. The wilderness yields food for them and for their young. 6They gather their fodder in the field and glean in the vineyard of the wicked. 7They lodge the naked without clothing, with no covering against the cold. 8They are wet with the showers of the mountains, and hug the rock for want of shelter. 9They seize the fatherless from the breast, and take a pledge from the poor. 10They cause them to go naked, without clothing; and they take away the sheaves from the hungry. 11They press out oil within their walls, and tread winepresses, but are thirsty. 12Men groan from the city, and the souls of the wounded cry out; yet God does not charge them with folly. 13They rebel against the Light; they have not recognized its ways nor stayed in its paths. 14The murderer rises at daylight; he kills the poor and needy; and in the night he is like a thief. 15The eye of the adulterer waits for the twilight, saying, No eye shall see me; and puts a covering over his face. 16In the dark they dig through into houses which they have marked for themselves by day; they do not know the light. 17For the morning is the same to them as deep darkness; they know the terrors of deep darkness. 18They are swift on the face of the waters; their portion is cursed in the earth; they do not turn into the way of the vineyards. 19As drought and heat consume the snow waters, so Sheol consumes those who have sinned. 20The womb shall forget him, the worm shall feed sweetly on him; he shall be remembered no more, and injustice shall be broken like a tree. 21He mistreats the barren who do not bear, and does no good to the widow. 22He also draws the mighty away with his strength; he rises up, but no one is sure of life. 23He gives them security, and they trust in it; yet His eyes are on their ways. 24They are exalted for a little while, then they are gone. They are brought low; they are all drawn together out of the way, and cut off like heads of grain. 25And if it is not so, who will prove me a liar, and make my speech worth nothing?
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 (Job 24:1-25)
Why is it that, seeing that the times of punishment (
Ezek 30:3; "time" in the same sense) are not hidden from the Almighty, they who know Him (His true worshippers,
Job 18:21) do not see His days (of vengeance;
Joel 1:15;
2Pet 3:10)? Or, with UMBREIT less simply, making the parallel clauses more nicely balanced, Why are not times of punishment hoarded up ("laid up";
Job 21:19; appointed) by the Almighty? that is, Why are they not so appointed as that man may now see them? as the second clause shows. Job does not doubt that they are appointed: nay, he asserts it (
Job 21:30); what he wishes is that God would let all now see that it is so.
2 Instances of the wicked doing the worst deeds with seeming impunity (Job 24:2-24).
Some--the wicked.
landmarks--boundaries between different pastures (
Deut 19:14;
Pro 22:28).
3 pledge--alluding to
Job 22:6. Others really do, and with impunity, that which Eliphaz falsely charges the afflicted Job with.
4 Literally, they push the poor out of their road in meeting them. Figuratively, they take advantage of them by force and injustice (alluding to the charge of Eliphaz,
Job 22:8;
1Sam 8:3).
poor--in spirit and in circumstances (
Matt 5:3).
hide--from the injustice of their oppressors, who have robbed them of their all and driven them into unfrequented places (
Job 20:19;
Job 30:3-
Job 30:6;
Pro 28:28).
5 wild asses-- (
Job 11:12). So Ishmael is called a "wild ass-man"; Hebrew (
Gen 16:12). These Bedouin robbers, with the unbridled wildness of the ass of the desert, go forth thither. Robbery is their lawless "work." The desert, which yields no food to other men, yields food for the robber and his children by the plunder of caravans.
rising betimes--In the East travelling is begun very early, before the heat comes on.
6 Like the wild asses (
Job 24:5) they (these Bedouin robbers) reap (metaphorically) their various grain (so the Hebrew for "corn" means). The wild ass does not let man pile his mixed provender up in a stable (
Isa 30:24); so these robbers find their food in the open air, at one time in the desert (
Job 24:5), at another in the fields.
the vintage of the wicked--Hebrew, "the wicked gather the vintage"; the vintage of robbery, not of honest industry. If we translate "belonging to the wicked," then it will imply that the wicked alone have vineyards, the "pious poor" (
Job 24:4) have none. "Gather" in Hebrew, is "gather late." As the first clause refers to the early harvest of corn, so the second to the vintage late in autumn.
7 UMBREIT understands it of the Bedouin robbers, who are quite regardless of the comforts of life, "They pass the night naked, and uncovered," &c. But the allusion to
Job 22:6, makes the English Version preferable (see on
Job 24:10). Frost is not uncommon at night in those regions (
Gen 31:40).
8 They--the plundered travellers.
embrace the rock--take refuge under it (
Lam 4:5).
9 from the breast--of the widowed mother. Kidnapping children for slaves. Here Job passes from wrongs in the desert to those done among the habitations of men.
pledge--namely, the garment of the poor debtor, as
Job 24:10 shows.
10 (See on
Job 22:6). In
Job 24:7 a like sin is alluded to: but there he implies open robbery of garments in the desert; here, the more refined robbery in civilized life, under the name of a "pledge." Having stripped the poor, they make them besides labor in their harvest-fields and do not allow them to satisfy their hunger with any of the very corn which they carry to the heap. Worse treatment than that of the ox, according to
Deut 25:4. Translate: "they (the poor laborers) hungering carry the sheaves" [UMBREIT].
11 Which--"They," the poor, "press the oil within their wall"; namely, not only in the open fields (
Job 24:10), but also in the wall-enclosed vineyards and olive gardens of the oppressor (
Isa 5:5). Yet they are not allowed to quench their "thirst" with the grapes and olives. Here, thirsty;
Job 24:10, hungry.
12 Men--rather, "mortals" (not the common Hebrew for "men"); so the Masoretic vowel points read as English Version. But the vowel points are modern. The true reading is, "The dying," answering to "the wounded" in the next clause, so Syriac. Not merely in the country (
Job 24:11), but also in the city there are oppressed sufferers, who cry for help in vain. "From out of the city"; that is, they long to get forth and be free outside of it (
Exod 1:11;
Job 2:23).
wounded--by the oppressor (
Ezek 30:24).
layeth not folly--takes no account of (by punishing) their sin ("folly" in Scripture;
Job 1:22). This is the gist of the whole previous list of sins (
Acts 17:30). UMBREIT with Syriac reads by changing a vowel point, "Regards not their supplication."
13 So far as to openly committed sins; now, those done in the dark. Translate: "There are those among them (the wicked) who rebel," &c.
light--both literal and figurative (
John 3:19-
John 3:20;
Pro 2:13).
paths thereof--places where the light shines.
14 with the light--at early dawn, while still dark, when the traveller in the East usually sets out, and the poor laborer to his work; the murderous robber lies in wait then (
Ps 10:8).
is as a thief--Thieves in the East steal while men sleep at night; robbers murder at early dawn. The same man who steals at night, when light dawns not only robs, but murders to escape detection.
15 (
Pro 7:9;
Ps 10:11).
disguiseth--puts a veil on.
16 dig through--Houses in the East are generally built of sun-dried mud bricks (so
Matt 6:19). "Thieves break through," literally, "dig through" (
Ezek 12:7).
had marked--Rather, as in
Job 9:7, "They shut themselves up" (in their houses); literally, "they seal up."
for themselves--for their own ends, namely, to escape detection.
know not--shun.
17 They shrink from the "morning" light, as much as other men do from the blackest darkness ("the shadow of death").
if one know--that is, recognize them. Rather, "They know well (are familiar with) the terrors of," &c. [UMBREIT]. Or, as MAURER, "They know the terrors of (this) darkness," namely, of morning, the light, which is as terrible to them as darkness ("the shadow of death") is to other men.
18 In these verses Job quotes the opinions of his adversaries ironically; he quoted them so before (
Job 21:7-
Job 21:21). In
Job 24:22-
Job 24:24, he states his own observation as the opposite. You say, "The sinner is swift, that is, swiftly passes away (as a thing floating) on the surface of the waters" (
Eccl 11:1;
Hos 10:7).
is cursed--by those who witness their "swift" destruction.
beholdeth not--"turneth not to"; figuratively, for He cannot enjoy his pleasant possessions (
Job 20:17;
Job 15:33).
the way of the vineyards--including his fields, fertile as vineyards; opposite to "the way of the desert."
19 Arabian image; melted snow, as contrasted with the living fountain, quickly dries up in the sunburnt sand, not leaving a trace behind (
Job 6:16-
Job 6:18). The Hebrew is terse and elliptical to express the swift and utter destruction of the godless; (so) "the grave--they have sinned!"
20 The womb--The very mother that bare him, and who is the last to "forget" the child that sucked her (
Isa 49:15), shall dismiss him from her memory (
Job 18:17;
Pro 10:7). The worm shall suck, that is, "feed sweetly" on him as a delicate morsel (
Job 21:33).
wickedness--that is, the wicked; abstract for concrete (as
Job 5:16).
as a tree--utterly (
Job 19:10); UMBREIT better, "as a staff." A broken staff is the emblem of irreparable ruin (
Isa 14:5;
Hos 4:12).
21 The reason given by the friends why the sinner deserves such a fate.
barren--without sons, who might have protected her.
widow--without a husband to support her.
22 Reply of Job to the opinion of the friends. Experience proves the contrary. Translate: "But He (God) prolongeth the life of (literally, draweth out at length;
Ps 36:10, Margin) the mighty with His (God's) power. He (the wicked) riseth up (from his sick bed) although he had given up hope of (literally, when he no longer believed in) life" (
Deut 28:66).
23 Literally, "He (God omitted, as often;
Job 3:20;
Eccl 9:9; reverentially) giveth to him (the wicked, to be) in safety, or security."
yet--Job means, How strange that God should so favor them, and yet have His eyes all the time open to their wicked ways (
Pro 15:3;
Ps 73:4)!
24 Job repeats what he said (
Job 21:13), that sinners die in exalted positions, not the painful and lingering death we might expect, but a quick and easy death. Join "for a while" with "are gone," not as English Version. Translate: "A moment--and they are no more! They are brought low, as all (others) gather up their feet to die" (so the Hebrew of "are taken out of the way"). A natural death (
Gen 49:33).
ears of corn--in a ripe and full age, not prematurely (
Job 5:26).
25 (So
Job 9:24).
He tries to show Job's rashness (
Job 23:3), by arguments borrowed from Eliphaz (
Job 15:15, with which compare
Job 11:17.
