1Potom po mnohých dnech, po třetím tom létě, stalo se slovo Hospodinovo k Eliášovi, řkoucí: Jdi, ukaž se Achabovi, neboť dám déšť na zemi. 2Odšel tedy Eliáš, aby se ukázal Achabovi. Byl pak hlad veliký v Samaří. 3I povolal Achab Abdiáše, kterýž byl představen domu jeho. (Abdiáš pak bál se Hospodina velmi. 4Nebo když Jezábel mordovala proroky Hospodinovy, vzal Abdiáš sto proroků a skryl je po padesáti v jeskyni, a krmil je chlebem a vodou.) 5A řekl Achab Abdiášovi: Jdi skrze tu zemi ke všechněm studnicím vod, a ke všechněm potokům, zdali bychom kde nalezli trávu, abychom živé zachovali koně a mezky, a nezmořili dobytka. 6I rozdělili sobě zemi, kterouž by prošli. Achab šel jednou cestou sám, Abdiáš také šel cestou druhou sám. 7A když Abdiáš byl na cestě, aj, Eliáš potkal se s ním. Kterýž když ho poznal, padl na tvář svou a řekl: Nejsi-liž ty, pane můj, Eliáš? 8Odpověděl jemu: Jsem. Jdi, pověz pánu svému: Aj, Eliáš přišel. 9Jemuž řekl: Což jsem zhřešil, že služebníka svého vydati chceš v ruku Achabovu, aby mne zamordoval? 10Živť jest Hospodin Bůh tvůj, žeť není národu ani království, kamž by neposlal pán můj hledati tě, a když řekli, že tebe není, přísahy požádal od království a národu, že tě nemohou nalezti. 11A ty nyní pravíš: Jdi, pověz pánu svému: Aj, Eliáš přišel. 12I stalo by se, že jakž bych odšel od tebe, tedy duch Hospodinův zanesl by tě nevím kam, já pak jda, oznámil bych Achabovi, a když by tě nenalezl, zabil by mne. Služebník zajisté tvůj bojí se Hospodina od mladosti své. 13Zdaliž není oznámeno pánu mému, co jsem učinil, když Jezábel mordovala proroky Hospodinovy, že jsem skryl z proroků Hospodinových sto mužů, po padesáti mužích v jeskyni, a krmil jsem je chlebem a vodou? 14Ty pak nyní pravíš: Jdi, pověz pánu svému: Aj, Eliáš přišel. A zamordujeť mne. 15Odpověděl Eliáš: Živť jest Hospodin zástupů, před jehož oblíčejem stojím, žeť se jemu dnes ukáži. 16A tak šel Abdiáš vstříc Achabovi, a oznámil jemu. Pročež šel i Achab v cestu Eliášovi. 17A když uzřel Achab Eliáše, řekl Achab k němu: Zdaliž ty nejsi ten, kterýž kormoutíš lid Izraelský? 18Kterýž odpověděl: Jáť nekormoutím lidu Izraelského, ale ty a dům otce tvého, když opouštíte přikázaní Hospodinova a následujete Bálů. 19Protož nyní pošli a shromažď ke mně všecken lid Izraelský na horu Karmel, a proroků Bálových čtyři sta a padesáte, i proroků toho háje čtyři sta, kteříž jedí z stolu Jezábel. 20Obeslal tedy Achab všecky syny Izraelské, a shromáždil ty proroky na horu Karmel. 21A přistoupiv Eliáš ke všemu lidu, řekl: I dokudž kulhati budete na obě straně? Jestližeť jest Hospodin Bohem, následujtež ho; pakli jest Bál, jdětež za ním. A neodpověděl jemu lid žádného slova. 22Opět řekl Eliáš lidu: Já sám toliko pozůstal jsem prorok Hospodinův, proroků pak Bálových jest čtyři sta a padesáte mužů. 23Nechť jsou nám dáni dva volkové, a ať vyberou sobě volka jednoho, kteréhož nechť rozsekají na kusy a vkladou na dříví, ale ohně ať nepodkládají. Jáť také připravím volka druhého, kteréhož vložím na dříví, a ohně nepodložím. 24Tedy vzývejte jméno bohů vašich, já pak vzývati budu jméno Hospodinovo, a budeť to, že Bůh, kterýž se ohlásí skrze oheň, ten jest Bůh. A odpověděl všecken lid, řka: Dobráť jest řeč tato. 25I řekl Eliáš prorokům Bálovým: Vybeřte sobě volka jednoho a připravte ho nejprvé, poněvadž jest vás více, a vzývejte jméno bohů vašich, ale ohně nepodkládejte. 26A tak vzali volka, kteréhož jim dal, a připravili a vzývali jméno Bálovo od jitra až do poledne, říkajíce: Ó Báli, uslyš nás. Ale nebylo hlasu, ani kdo by odpověděl. I skákali u oltáře, kterýž byli udělali. 27Když pak bylo poledne, posmíval se jim Eliáš a řekl: Křičte vysokým hlasem, poněvadž bůh jest. Neb snad rozmlouvání má, neb jinou práci, neb jest na cestě, anebť spí, ať procítí. 28Takž křičeli hlasem velikým, a bodli se vedlé obyčeje svého nožíky a špicemi, tak až se krví polívali. 29I stalo se, když již bylo s poledne, že prorokovali až dotud, když se obětuje obět suchá, ale nebylo žádného se ohlášení, ani kdo by odpověděl, ani kdo by vyslyšel. 30Zatím řekl Eliáš všemu lidu: Přistuptež ke mně. I přistoupil všecken lid k němu. Tedy opravil oltář Hospodinův, kterýž byl zbořený. 31Nebo vzal Eliáš dvanácte kamenů, (vedlé počtu pokolení synů Jákobových, k němuž se byla stala řeč Hospodinova, že Izrael bude jméno jeho), 32A vzdělal z těch kamenů oltář ve jménu Hospodinovu; udělal také struhu vůkol oltáře zšíří, co by mohl dvě míry obilé vsíti. 33Narovnal i dříví, a rozsekav volka na kusy, vkladl na dříví. 34A řekl: Naplňte čtyři stoudve vodou, a vylíte na obět zápalnou i na dříví. Řekl opět: Učiňtež to po druhé. I učinili po druhé. Řekl ještě: Po třetí učiňte. I učinili po třetí, 35Tak že tekly vody okolo oltáře; také i struhu naplnila voda. 36Stalo se pak, když se obětuje obět suchá, přistoupil Eliáš prorok a řekl: Hospodine Bože Abrahamův, Izákův a Izraelův, nechť dnes poznají, že jsi ty Bůh v Izraeli, a já služebník tvůj, a že jsem vedlé slova tvého činil všecky věci tyto. 37Vyslyš mne, Hospodine, vyslyš mne, aťby poznal lid tento, že jsi ty, Hospodine, Bohem, když bys obrátil srdce jejich zase. 38V tom spadl oheň Hospodinův, a spálil obět zápalnou, dříví i kamení i prsť; též vodu, kteráž byla v struze, vypil. 39Což když uzřel všecken ten lid, padli na tváři své a řekli: Hospodinť jest Bohem, Hospodin jest Bohem. 40I řekl jim Eliáš: Zjímejte ty proroky Bálovy, žádný ať z nich neujde. I zjímali je. Kteréž svedl Eliáš ku potoku Císon, a tam je zmordoval. 41Tedy řekl Eliáš Achabovi: Jdi, pojez a napí se, nebo aj, zvuk velikého deště. 42I jel Achab, aby pojedl a napil se. Eliáš pak vstoupil na vrch Karmele, a rozprostřel se na zemi a sklonil tvář svou k kolenům svým. 43Potom řekl mládenci svému: Vystup nyní, a pohleď tam k moři. Kterýž vystoupiv, pohleděl a řekl: Nic není. Řekl opět: Vrať se po sedmkrát. 44I stalo se po sedmé, řekl: Aj, oblak maličký jako dlaň člověčí vystupuje z moře. Ještě řekl: Jdi, rci Achabovi: Zapřáhej a jeď, aby tě nezastihl déšť. 45Stalo se mezi tím, když se nebesa zamračila oblakem a větrem, odkudž byl déšť veliký, že jel Achab a přišel do Jezreel. 46Ruka pak Hospodinova byla s Eliášem, tak že přepásav bedra svá, běžel před Achabem, až přišel do Jezreel.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 ELIJAH MEETS OBADIAH. (1Ki. 18:1-16)
the third year--In the New Testament, it is said there was no rain "for the space of three years and six months" [
Jas 5:17]. The early rain fell in our March, the latter rain in our October. Though Ahab might have at first ridiculed Elijah's announcement, yet when neither of these rains fell in their season, he was incensed against the prophet as the cause of the national judgment, and compelled him, with God's direction, to consult his safety in flight. This was six months after the king was told there would be neither dew nor rain, and from this period the three years in this passage are computed.
Go, show thyself unto Ahab--The king had remained obdurate and impenitent. Another opportunity was to be given him of repentance, and Elijah was sent in order to declare to him the cause of the national judgment, and to promise him, on condition of his removing it, the immediate blessing of rain.
2 Elijah went--a marvellous proof of the natural intrepidity of this prophet, of his moral courage, and his unfaltering confidence in the protecting care of God, that he ventured to approach the presence of the raging lion.
there was a sore famine in Samaria--Elijah found that the famine was pressing with intense severity in the capital. Corn must have been obtained for the people from Egypt or the adjoining countries, else life could not have been sustained for three years; but Ahab, with the chamberlain of his royal household, is represented as giving a personal search for pasture to his cattle. On the banks of the rivulets, grass, tender shoots of grass, might naturally be expected; but the water being dried up, the verdure would disappear. In the pastoral districts of the East it would be reckoned a most suitable occupation still for a king or chief to go at the head of such an expedition. Ranging over a large tract of country, Ahab had gone through one district, Obadiah through another.
3 Obadiah feared the Lord greatly--Although he did not follow the course taken by the Levites and the majority of pious Israelites at that time of emigration into Judah (
2Chr 11:13-16), he was a secret and sincere worshipper. He probably considered the violent character of the government, and his power of doing some good to the persecuted people of God as a sufficient excuse for his not going to worship in Jerusalem.
4 an hundred prophets--not men endowed with the extraordinary gifts of the prophetic office, but who were devoted to the service of God, preaching, praying, praising, &c. (
1Sam 10:10-12).
fed them with bread and water--These articles are often used to include sustenance of any kind. As this succor must have been given them at the hazard, not only of his place, but his life, it was a strong proof of his attachment to the true religion.
7 Obadiah was in the way . . . Elijah met him--Deeming it imprudent to rush without previous intimation into Ahab's presence, the prophet solicited Obadiah to announce his return to Ahab. The commission, with a delicate allusion to the perils he had already encountered in securing others of God's servants, was, in very touching terms, declined, as unkind and peculiarly hazardous. But Elijah having dispelled all the apprehensions entertained about the Spirit's carrying him away, Obadiah undertook to convey the prophet's message to Ahab and solicit an interview. But Ahab, bent on revenge, or impatient for the appearance of rain, went himself to meet Elijah.
17 Art thou he that troubleth Israel--A violent altercation took place. Ahab thought to awe him into submission, but the prophet boldly and undisguisedly told the king that the national calamity was traceable chiefly to his own and his family's patronage and practice of idolatry. But, while rebuking the sins, Elijah paid all due respect to the high rank of the offender. He urged the king to convene, by virtue of his royal mandate, a public assembly, in whose presence it might be solemnly decided which was the troubler of Israel. The appeal could not well be resisted, and Ahab, from whatever motives, consented to the proposal. God directed and overruled the issue.
19 gather . . . the prophets of Baal . . . the prophets of the groves--From the sequel it appears that the former only came. The latter, anticipating some evil, evaded the king's command.
which eat at Jezebel's table--that is, not at the royal table where she herself dined, but they were maintained from her kitchen establishment (see on
1Sam 20:25 and
1Kgs 4:22). They were the priests of Astarte, the Zidonian goddess.
20 mount Carmel--is a bold, bluff promontory, which extends from the western coast of Palestine, at the bay of Acre, for many miles eastward, to the central hills of Samaria. It is a long range, presenting many summits, and intersected by a number of small ravines. The spot where the contest took place is situated at the eastern extremity, which is also the highest point of the whole ridge. It is called El-Mohhraka, "the Burning," or "the Burnt Place." No spot could have been better adapted for the thousands of Israel to have stood drawn up on those gentle slopes. The rock shoots up in an almost perpendicular wall of more than two hundred feet in height, on the side of the vale of Esdraelon. This wall made it visible over the whole plain, and from all the surrounding heights, where gazing multitudes would be stationed.
21 Elijah said unto all the people, How long halt ye?--They had long been attempting to conjoin the service of God with that of Baal. It was an impracticable union and the people were so struck with a sense of their own folly, or dread of the king's displeasure, that they "answered not a word." Elijah proposed to decide for them the controversy between God and Baal by an appeal, not to the authority of the law, for that would have no weight, but by a visible token from Heaven. As fire was the element over which Baal was supposed to preside, Elijah proposed that two bullocks should be slain and placed on separate altars of wood, the one for Baal, and the other for God. On whichever the fire should descend to consume it, the event should determine the true God, whom it was their duty to serve. The proposal, appearing every way reasonable, was received by the people with unanimous approval. The priests of Baal commenced the ceremony by calling on their god. In vain did they continue invoking their senseless deity from morning till noon, and from noon till evening, uttering the most piercing cries, using the most frantic gesticulations, and mingling their blood with the sacrifice. No response was heard. No fire descended. Elijah exposed their folly and imposture with the severest irony and, as the day was far advanced, commenced his operations. Inviting the people to approach and see the entire proceeding, he first repaired an old altar of God, which Jezebel had demolished. Then, having arranged the cut pieces of the bullock, he caused four barrels or jars of water to be dashed all over the altar and round in the trench. Once, twice, a third time this precaution was taken, and then, when he had offered an earnest prayer, the miraculous fire descended (
Lev 9:24;
Judg 6:21;
Judg 13:20;
1Chr 21:26;
2Chr 7:1), and consumed not only the sacrifice, but the very stones of the altar. The impression on the minds of the people was that of admiration mingled with awe; and with one voice they acknowledged the supremacy of Jehovah as the true God. Taking advantage of their excited feelings, Elijah called on them to seize the priestly impostors, and by their blood fill the channel of the river (Kishon), which, in consequence of their idolatries, the drought had dried up--a direction, which, severe and relentless as it seems, it was his duty as God's minister to give (
Deut 15:5;
Deut 18:20). The natural features of the mount exactly correspond with the details of this narrative. The conspicuous summit, 1635 feet above the sea, on which the altars were placed, presents an esplanade spacious enough for the king and the priests of Baal to stand on the one side, and Elijah on the other. It is a rocky soil, on which there is abundance of loose stones, to furnish the twelve stones of which the altar was built--a bed of thick earth, in which a trench could be dug; and yet the earth not so loose that the water poured into it would be absorbed; two hundred fifty feet beneath the altar plateau, there is a perennial fountain, which, being close to the altar of the Lord, might not have been accessible to the people; and whence, therefore, even in that season of severe drought, Elijah could procure those copious supplies of water which he poured over the altar. The distance between this spring and the site of the altar is so short, as to make it perfectly possible to go thrice thither and back again, whereas it would have been impossible once in an afternoon to fetch water from the sea [VAN DE VELDE]. The summit is one thousand feet above the Kishon, which nowhere runs from the sea so close to the base of the mount as just beneath El-Mohhraka; so that the priests of Baal could, in a few minutes, be taken down to the brook (torrent), and slain there.
42 ELIJAH, BY PRAYER, OBTAINS RAIN. (
1Kgs 18:41-46)
Ahab went up to eat and to drink--Ahab, kept in painful excitement by the agonizing scene, had eaten nothing all the day. He was recommended to refresh himself without a moment's delay; and, while the king was thus occupied, the prophet, far from taking rest, was absorbed in prayer for the fulfilment of the promise (
1Kgs 18:1).
put his face between his knees--a posture of earnest supplication still used.
43 Go up now, look toward the sea--From the place of worship there is a small eminence, which, on the west and northwest side, intercepts the view of the sea [STANLEY; VAN DE VELDE]. It can be ascended in a few minutes, and presents a wide prospect of the Mediterranean. Six times the servant went up, but the sky was clear--the sea tranquil. On the seventh he described the sign of approaching rain [
1Kgs 18:44].
44 Behold, there ariseth a little cloud out of the sea, like a man's hand--The clearness of the sky renders the smallest speck distinctly visible; and this is in Palestine the uniform precursor of rain. It rises higher and higher, and becomes larger and larger with astonishing celerity, till the whole heaven is black, and the cloud bursts in a deluge of rain.
Prepare thy chariot, and get thee down, that the rain stop thee not--either by the river Kishon being suddenly so swollen as to be impassable, or from the deep layer of dust in the arid plain being turned into thick mud, so as to impede the wheels.
45 Ahab rode, and went to Jezreel--now Zerin, a distance of about ten miles. This race was performed in the midst of a tempest of rain. But all rejoiced at it, as diffusing a sudden refreshment over all the land of Jezreel.
46 Elijah . . . girded up his loins, and ran before Ahab--It was anciently, and still is in some countries of the East, customary for kings and nobles to have runners before their chariots, who are tightly girt for the purpose. The prophet, like the Bedouins of his native Gilead, had been trained to run; and, as the Lord was with him, he continued with unabated agility and strength. It was, in the circumstances, a most proper service for Elijah to render. It tended to strengthen the favorable impression made on the heart of Ahab and furnished an answer to the cavils of Jezebel for it showed that he who was so zealous in the service of God, was, at the same time, devotedly loyal to his king. The result of this solemn and decisive contest was a heavy blow and great discouragement to the cause of idolatry. But subsequent events seem to prove that the impressions, though deep, were but partial and temporary.