1V desátém měsíci devátého roku vlády judského krále Cidkiáše přitáhl k Jeruzalému babylonský král Nabukadnezar s celým svým vojskem a oblehl jej. 2Devátého dne čtvrtého měsíce jedenáctého roku Cidkiášovy vlády pak byla městská hradba prolomena. 3Poté, co pronikli do města, zasedli všichni velmoži babylonského krále v Prostřední bráně: Nergal-šarecer ze Sin-magiru, rab-saris Sar-sechim, rab-mág Nergal-šarecer i všichni ostatní velmoži babylonského krále. 4Jakmile je judský král Cidkiáš zahlédl, dal se se všemi vojáky na útěk. Opustili město v noci přes královskou zahradu, brankou mezi zdmi. Prchali k pláni Arava, 5ale babylonské vojsko se pustilo za nimi. Na jerišské pláni pak Cidkiáše dostihli, zajali ho a odvedli k babylonskému králi Nabukadnezarovi do Ribly v chamátské zemi. Tam byl nad ním vynesen rozsudek: 6Babylonský král v Rible před Cidkiášovýma očima popravil jeho syny; popravil také veškerou judskou šlechtu. 7Cidkiášovi pak vyloupl oči, spoutal ho bronzovými řetězy a odvlekl ho do Babylonu. 8Královský palác i ostatní domy Babyloňané vypálili a hradby Jeruzaléma zbořili. 9Velitel gardistů Nebuzardan odvlekl do Babylonu zbytek těch, kdo zůstali ve městě, i ty, kdo k němu přeběhli, a všechen zbývající lid. 10Jen ty nejchudší z lidu, kteří nic neměli, nechal velitel gardistů Nebuzardan v judské zemi a svěřil jim toho dne vinice a pole. 11Ohledně Jeremiáše však babylonský král Nabukadnezar veliteli gardistů Nebuzardanovi nařídil: 12„Vezmi ho k sobě a postarej se o něj, ať se mu nestane nic zlého. Udělej pro něj, o cokoli tě požádá.“ 13Velitel gardistů Nebuzardan, rab-saris Nebušazban, rab-mág Nergal-šarecer i všichni ostatní velmoži babylonského krále tedy poslali 14pro Jeremiáše a dali ho přivést ze strážního nádvoří. Svěřili ho Gedaliášovi, synu Achikama, syna Šafanova, aby ho vzal domů. Tak Jeremiáš zůstal mezi svým lidem. 15Když byl Jeremiáš ještě držen na strážním nádvoří, dostal slovo Hospodinovo: 16„Jdi a řekni Habešanu Ebed-melechovi: Tak praví Hospodin zástupů, Bůh Izraele: Hle, teď naplním svá slova o tomto městě, avšak ne v dobrém, ale ve zlém. V ten den se ta slova splní před tvýma očima. 17Tebe však v ten den vysvobodím, praví Hospodin. Nepadneš do rukou těch, kterých se děsíš. 18Ano, opravdu tě zachráním. Nepadneš mečem, ale přežiješ, neboť jsi spoléhal na mne, praví Hospodin.“
Matthew Henry - Complete Commentary 1 We were told, in the close of the foregoing chapter, that
Jeremiah abode patiently in the court of the prison, until the day that Jerusalem was taken. He gave the princes no further disturbance by his prophesying, nor they him by their persecutions; for he had no more to say than what he had said, and, the siege being carried on briskly, God found them other work to do. See here what it came to.
I. The city is at length taken by storm; for how could it hold out when God himself fought against it? Nebuchadnezzar's army sat down before it in the
ninth year of Zedekiah,
in the tenth month (
Jer 39:1), in the depth of winter. Nebuchadnezzar himself soon after retired to take his pleasure, and left his generals to carry on the siege: they intermitted it awhile, but soon renewed it with redoubled force and vigour. At length,
in the eleventh year, in the fourth month, about midsummer, they entered the city, the soldiers being so weakened by famine, and all their provisions being now spent, that they were not able to make any resistance,
Jer 39:2. Jerusalem was so strong a place that nobody would have believed the enemy could ever enter its gates,
Lam 4:12. But sin had provoked God to withdraw his protection, and then, like Samson when his hair was cut, it was weak as other cities.
II. The princes of the king of Babylon take possession of the
middle gate, Jer 39:3. Some think that this was the same with that which is called the
second gate (
Zeph 1:10), which is supposed to be in the middle wall that divided between one part of the city and the other. Here they cautiously made a half, and durst not go forward into so large a city, among men that perhaps would sell their lives as dearly as they could, until they had given directions for the searching of all places, that they might not be surprised by any ambush. They sat in the
middle gate, thence to take a view of the city and give orders. The princes are here named, rough and uncouth names they are, to intimate what a sad change sin had made; there, where
Eliakim and
Hilkiah, who bore the name of the God of Israel, used to sit, now sit
Nergal-sharezer, and
Samgar-nebo, etc., who bore the names of the heathen gods.
Rab-saris and
Rab-mag are supposed to be not the names of distinct persons, but the titles of those whose names go before.
Sarsechim was
Rab-saris, that is,
captain of the guard; and
Nergal-sharezer, to distinguish him from the other of the same name that is put first, is called
Ram-mag -
camp-master, either muster-master or quarter-master: these and the other great generals sat in the gate. And now was fulfilled what Jeremiah prophesied long since (
Jer 1:15), that the families of the kingdoms of the north should set every one his throne at the entering of the gates of Jerusalem. Justly do the princes of the heathen set up themselves there, where the gods of the heathen had been so often set up.
III. Zedekiah, having in disguise perhaps seen the princes of the king of Babylon take possession of one of the gates of the city, thought it high time to shift for his own safety, and, loaded with guilt and fear, he
went out of the city, under no other protection but that of
the night (
Jer 39:4), which soon failed him, for he was discovered, pursued, and overtaken. Though he made the best of his way, he could make nothing of it, could not get forward, but
in the plains of Jericho fell into the hands of the pursuers,
Jer 39:5. Thence he was brought prisoner to Riblah, where the king of Babylon passed sentence upon him as a rebel, not sentence of death, but, one many almost say, a worse thing. For, 1. He
slew his sons before his eyes, and they must all be little, some of them infants, for Zedekiah himself was now but thirty-two years of age. The death of these sweet babes must needs be so many deaths to himself, especially when he considered that his own obstinacy was the cause of it, for he was particularly told of this thing:
They shall bring forth thy wives and children to the Chaldeans, Jer 38:23. 2. He
slew all the nobles of Judah (
Jer 39:6), probably not those princes of Jerusalem who had advised him to this desperate course (it would be a satisfaction to him to see them cut off), but the great men of the country, who were innocent of the matter. 3. He ordered
Zedekiah to have his eyes put out (
Jer 39:7), so condemning
him to darkness for life who had shut his eyes against the clear light of God's word, and was of those princes who
will not understand, but
walk on in darkness, Pss 82:5. 4. He
bound him with two brazen chains or fetters (so the margin reads it), to carry him away to Babylon, there to spend the rest of his days in misery. All this sad story we had before,
2Kgs 25:4, etc.
IV. Some time afterwards the city was burnt, temple and palace and all, and the wall of it broken down,
Jer 39:8.
O Jerusalem, Jerusalem! this comes of
killing the prophets, and
stoning those that were sent to thee. O Zedekiah, Zedekiah! this thou mightest have prevented if thou wouldst but have taken God's counsel, and yielded in time.
V. The people that were left were all
carried away captives to Babylon, Jer 39:9. Now they must bid a final farewell to the land of their nativity, that pleasant land, and to all their possessions and enjoyments in it, must be driven some hundreds of miles, like beasts, before the conquerors, that were now their cruel masters, must lie at their mercy in a strange land, and be servants to those who would be sure to rule them with rigour. The word
tyrant is originally a Chaldee word, and is often used for
lords by the Chaldee paraphrast, as if the Chaldeans, when they were lords, tyrannized more than any other: we have reason to think that the poor Jews had reason to say so. Some few were left behind, but they were
the poor of the people, that had nothing to lose, and therefore never made any resistance. And they not only had their liberty, and were left to tarry at home, but the
captain of the guard gave them vineyards and fields at the same time, such as they were never masters of before,
Jer 39:10. Observe here, 1. The wonderful changes of Providence. Some are abased, others advanced,
1Sam 2:5. The
hungry are filled with good things, and the rich sent empty away. The ruin of some proves the rise of others. Let us therefore in our abundance
rejoice as though we rejoiced not, and in our distresses
weep as though we wept not. 2. The just retributions or Providence. The rich had been proud oppressors, and now they were justly punished for their injustice; the poor had been patient sufferers, and now they were graciously rewarded for their patience and amends made them for all their losses; for
verily there is a God that judges in the earth, even in this world, much more in the other.
11 Here we must sing of mercy, as in the former part of the chapter we sang of judgment, and must sing unto God of both. We may observe here,
I. A gracious providence concerning Jeremiah. When Jerusalem was laid in ruins, and all
men's hearts failed them for fear, then might he
lift up his head with comfort,
knowing that his redemption drew nigh, as Christ's followers when the second destruction of Jerusalem was hastening on,
Luke 21:28. Nebuchadnezzar had given particular orders that care should be taken of him, and that he should be in all respects well used,
Jer 39:11,
Jer 39:12. Hebuzar-adan and the rest of the king of Babylon's princes observed these orders, discharged him out of prison, and did every thing to make him easy,
Jer 39:13,
Jer 39:14. Now we may look upon this, 1. As a very generous act of Nebuchadnezzar, who, though he was a haughty potentate, yet took cognizance of this poor prophet. Doubtless he had received information concerning him from the deserters, that he had foretold the king of Babylon's successes against Judah and other countries, that he had pressed his prince and people to submit to him, and that he had suffered very hard things for so doing; and in consideration of all this (though perhaps he might have heard also that he had foretold the destruction of Babylon at length) he gave him these extraordinary marks of his favour. Note, It is the character of a great soul to take notice of the services and sufferings of the meanest. It was honourably done of the king to give this charge even before the city was taken, and of the captains to observe it even in the heat of action, and it is recorded for imitation. 2. As a reproach to Zedekiah and the princes of Israel. They put him in prison, and the king of Babylon and his princes took him out. God's people and ministers have often found fairer and kinder usage among strangers and infidels than among those that call themselves of the holy city. Paul found more favour and justice with king Agrippa than with Ananias the high priest. 3. As the performance of God's promise to Jeremiah, in recompence for his services.
I will cause the enemy to treat thee well in the day of evil, Jer 15:11. Jeremiah had been faithful to his trust as a prophet, and now God approves himself faithful to him and the promise he had made him. Now he is comforted according to the time wherein he had been afflicted, and sees thousands fall on each hand and himself safe. The false prophets fell by those judgments which they said should never come (
Jer 14:15), which made their misery the more terrible to them. The true prophet escaped those judgments which he said would come, and that made his escape the more comfortable to him. The same that were the instruments of punishing the persecutors were the instruments of relieving the persecuted; and Jeremiah thought never the worse of his deliverance for its coming by the hand of the king of Babylon, but saw the more of the hand of God in it. A fuller account of this matter we shall meet with in the next chapter.
II. A gracious message to Ebed-melech, to assure him of a recompence for his kindness to Jeremiah. This message was sent to him by Jeremiah himself, who, when he returned him thanks for his kindness to him, thus turned him over to God to be his paymaster. He relieved
a prophet in the name of a prophet, and thus he had
a prophet's reward. This message was delivered to him immediately after he had done that kindness to Jeremiah, but it is mentioned here after the taking of the city, to show that, as God was kind to Jeremiah at that time, so he was to Ebed-melech for his sake; and it was a token of special favour to both, and they ought so to account it, that they were not involved in any of the common calamities. Jeremiah is directed to tell him, 1. That God would certainly bring upon Jerusalem the ruin that had been long and often threatened; and, for his further satisfaction in having been kind to Jeremiah, he should see him abundantly proved a true prophet,
Jer 39:16. 2. That God took notice of the fear he had of the judgments coming. Though he was bravely bold in the service of God, yet he was afraid of the rod of God. The enemies were
men of whom he was afraid, Note, God knows how to adapt and accommodate his comforts to the fears and griefs of his people, for he
knows their souls in adversity. 3. That he shall be delivered from having a share in the common calamity:
I will deliver thee; I will surely deliver thee. He had been instrumental to deliver God's prophet out of the dungeon, and now God promises to deliver him; for he will be behind-hand with none for any service they do, directly or indirectly, for his name: Thou has saved Jeremiah's life, that was precious to thee, and therefore
thy life shall be given thee for a prey. 4. The reason given for this distinguishing favour which God had in store for him is
because thou hast put thy trust in me, saith the Lord. God, in recompensing men's services, has an eye to the principle they go upon in those services, and rewards according to those principles; and there is no principle of obedience that will be more acceptable to God, nor have a greater influence upon us, than a believing confidence in God. Ebed-melech trusted in God that he would own him, and stand by him, and then he was not afraid of the face of man. And those who trust God, as this good man did, in the way of duty, will find that their hope shall not make them ashamed in times of the greatest danger.
