1I mluvil Hospodin k Mojžíšovi, řka: 2Přikaž synům Izraelským, ať vyženou z stanů každého malomocného a každého trpícího tok semene, i každého nad mrtvým poškvrněného. 3I muže i ženu vyženete, ven za stany vyženete je, aby nepoškvrňovali vojska těch, mezi nimiž já přebývám. 4I učinili tak synové Izraelští, a vyhnali je ven za stany. Jakož byl mluvil Hospodin k Mojžíšovi, tak učinili synové Izraelští. 5Mluvil také Hospodin k Mojžíšovi, řka: 6Mluv k synům Izraelským: Muž aneb žena, když učiní nějaký hřích lidský, dopouštěje se výstupku proti Hospodinu, a byla by vinna duše ta: 7Tedy vyzná hřích svůj, kterýž učinil, navrátí pak to, čímž vinen byl, v cele, a pátý díl přidá nad to, a dá tomu, proti komuž zavinil. 8A neměl-li by muž ten přítele, jemuž by nahradil tu škodu, pokuta dána buď Hospodinu a knězi, mimo skopce očištění, jímž očištěn býti má. 9Též všeliká obět všech věcí posvěcených od synů Izraelských, kterouž přinesou knězi, jemu se dostane. 10Tak i věci posvěcené od kohokoli jemu se dostanou; a dal-li kdo co knězi, také jeho bude. 11Mluvil ještě Hospodin k Mojžíšovi, řka: 12Mluv k synům Izraelským a rci jim: Kdyby od některého muže uchýlila se žena, a dopustila by se výstupku proti němu, 13Tak že by obýval někdo jiný s ní, a bylo by to skryto před očima muže jejího, a tajila by se, jsuci poškvrněna, a svědka by nebylo proti ní, a ona nebyla by postižena; 14Pohnul-li by se duch muže horlivostí velikou, tak že by horlil proti ženě své, kteráž by poškvrněna byla; aneb pohnul-li by se duch muže velikou horlivostí, tak že by horlil proti ženě své, kteráž by poškvrněna nebyla: 15Tedy přivede muž ženu svou k knězi, a přinese obět její při ní, desátý díl efi mouky ječné. Nenalejeť na ni oleje, aniž dá na ni kadidla; nebo obět veliké horlivosti jest, obět suchá pamětná, uvozující v pamět nepravost. 16I bude ji kněz obětovati, a postaví ji před Hospodinem. 17A nabere vody svaté do nádoby hliněné, a vezma prachu, kterýž jest na zemi v příbytku, dá jej do té vody. 18Potom postaví kněz ženu tu před Hospodinem, a odkryje hlavu její, a dá jí do rukou obět suchou pamětnou, kteráž jest obět veliké horlivosti; v ruce pak kněze bude voda hořká zlořečená. 19I zaklínati bude ji kněz a řekne k ní: Jestliže neobcoval s tebou žádný, a jestliže jsi neuchýlila se k nečistotě od muže svého, budiž čistá od vody této hořké zlořečené. 20Paklis se uchýlila od muže svého a nečistá jsi, a obcoval-li někdo jiný s tebou kromě manžela tvého, 21(Zaklínati pak bude kněz tu ženu, čině klatbu zlořečenství, a řekne jí:) Dejž tebe Hospodin v zlořečení a v prokletí u prostřed lidu tvého, dopustě, aby lůno tvé hnilo a břicho tvé oteklo. 22Vejdiž voda zlořečená tato do života tvého, aby oteklo břicho tvé, a lůno tvé shnilo. I odpoví žena ta: Amen, amen. 23Napíše pak všecko zlořečenství toto do knihy, a smyje je tou vodou hořkou. 24I dá ženě, aby pila vodu hořkou a zlořečenou; a vejdeť do ní voda zlořečená, a obrátí se v hořkosti. 25Potom vezme kněz z ruky ženy obět veliké horlivosti, a obraceti ji bude sem i tam před Hospodinem, a bude ji obětovati na oltáři. 26A vezma plnou hrst pamětného jejího z oběti suché, páliti to bude na oltáři; a potom dá vypíti ženě tu vodu. 27A když jí dá píti tu vodu, stane se, jestliže nečistá byla, a dopustila se výstupku proti muži svému, že vejde do ní voda zlořečená, a obrátí se v hořkost, i odme se břicho její, a vyhnije lůno její; i bude žena ta v zlořečení u prostřed lidu svého. 28Pakli není poškvrněna žena ta, ale čistá jest, tedy bez viny bude, a roditi bude děti. 29Ten jest zákon veliké horlivosti, když by se uchýlila žena od muže svého, a byla by poškvrněna, 30Aneb když by se pohnul duch veliké horlivosti v manželu, tak že by horlil velmi proti ženě své, aby postavil ji před Hospodinem, a aby vykonal při ní kněz všecko vedlé zákona tohoto. 31I bude ten muž očištěn od hříchu, žena pak ponese nepravost svou.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 2 THE UNCLEAN TO BE REMOVED OUT OF THE CAMP. (
Num 5:1-
Num 5:4)
Command the children of Israel, that they put out of the camp every leper--The exclusion of leprous persons from the camp in the wilderness, as from cities and villages afterwards, was a sanitary measure taken according to prescribed rules (Lev. 13:1-14:57). This exclusion of lepers from society has been acted upon ever since; and it affords almost the only instance in which any kind of attention is paid in the East to the prevention of contagion. The usage still more or less prevails in the East among people who do not think the least precaution against the plague or cholera necessary; but judging from personal observation, we think that in Asia the leprosy has now much abated in frequency and virulence. It usually appears in a comparatively mild form in Egypt, Palestine, and other countries where the disorder is, or was, endemic. Small societies of excluded lepers live miserably in paltry huts. Many of them are beggars, going out into the roads to solicit alms, which they receive in a wooden bowl; charitable people also sometimes bring different articles of food, which they leave on the ground at a short distance from the hut of the lepers, for whom it is intended. They are generally obliged to wear a distinctive badge that people may know them at first sight and be warned to avoid them. Other means were adopted among the ancient Jews by putting their hand on their mouth and crying, "Unclean, unclean" [
Lev 13:45]. But their general treatment, as to exclusion from society, was the same as now described. The association of the lepers, however, in this passage, with those who were subject only to ceremonial uncleanness, shows that one important design in the temporary exile of such persons was to remove all impurities that reflected dishonor on the character and residence of Israel's King. And this vigilant care to maintain external cleanliness in the people was typically designed to teach them the practice of moral purity, or cleansing themselves from all filthiness of the flesh and spirit. The regulations made for ensuring cleanliness in the camp suggest the adoption of similar means for maintaining purity in the church. And although, in large communities of Christians, it may be often difficult or delicate to do this, the suspension or, in flagrant cases of sin, the total excommunication of the offender from the privileges and communion of the church is an imperative duty, as necessary to the moral purity of the Christian as the exclusion of the leper from the camp was to physical health and ceremonial purity in the Jewish church.
6 RESTITUTION ENJOINED. (
Num 5:5-
Num 5:10)
When a man or a woman shall commit any sin that men commit, to do a trespass against the Lord--This is a wrong or injury done by one man to the property of another, and as it is called "a trespass against the Lord," it is implied, in the case supposed, that the offense has been aggravated by prevaricating--by a false oath, or a fraudulent lie in denying it, which is a "trespass" committed against God, who is the sole judge of what is falsely sworn or spoken (
Acts 5:3-
Acts 5:4).
and that person be guilty--that is, from the obvious tenor of the passage, conscience-smitten, or brought to a sense and conviction of his evil conduct. (See on
Lev 6:2). In that case, there must be: first, confession, a penitential acknowledgment of sin; secondly, restitution of the property, or the giving of an equivalent, with the additional fine of a fifth part, both as a compensation to the person defrauded, and as a penalty inflicted on the injurer, to deter others from the commission of similar trespasses. (See on
Exod 22:1). The difference between the law recorded in that passage and this is that the one was enacted against flagrant and determined thieves, the other against those whose necessities might have urged them into fraud, and whose consciences were distressed by their sin. This law also supposes the injured party to be dead, in which case, the compensation due to his representatives was to be paid to the priest, who, as God's deputy, received the required satisfaction.
9 every offering . . . shall be his--Whatever was given in this way, or otherwise, as by freewill offerings, irrevocably belonged to the priest.
12 THE TRIAL OF JEALOUSY. (Num. 5:11-31)
if any man's wife go aside, and commit a trespass against him--This law was given both as a strong discouragement to conjugal infidelity on the part of a wife, and a sufficient protection of her from the consequences of a hasty and groundless suspicion on the part of the husband. His suspicions, however, were sufficient in the absence of witnesses (
Lev 20:10) to warrant the trial described; and the course of proceeding to be followed was for the jealous husband to bring his wife unto the priest with an offering of barley meal, because none were allowed to approach the sanctuary empty handed (
Exod 23:15). On other occasions, there were mingled with the offering, oil which signified joy, and frankincense which denoted acceptance (
Ps 141:2). But on the occasion referred to, both these ingredients were to be excluded, partly because it was a solemn appeal to God in distressing circumstances, and partly because it was a sin offering on the part of the wife, who came before God in the character of a real or suspected offender.
17 the priest shall take holy water--Water from the laver, which was to be mixed with dust--an emblem of vileness and misery (
Gen 3:14;
Ps 22:15).
in an earthen vessel--This fragile ware was chosen because, after being used, it was broken in pieces (
Lev 6:28;
Lev 11:33). All the circumstances of this awful ceremony--her being placed with her face toward the ark--her uncovered head, a sign of her being deprived of the protection of her husband (
1Cor 11:7) --the bitter potion being put into her hands preparatory to an appeal to God--the solemn adjuration of the priest (
Num 5:19-
Num 5:22), all were calculated in no common degree to excite and appall the imagination of a person conscious of guilt.
21 The Lord make thee a curse, &c.--a usual form of imprecation (
Isa 65:15;
Jer 29:22).
22 the woman shall say, Amen, Amen--The Israelites were accustomed, instead of formally repeating the words of an oath merely to say, "Amen," a "so be it" to the imprecations it contained. The reduplication of the word was designed as an evidence of the woman's innocence, and a willingness that God would do to her according to her desert.
23 write these curses in a book--The imprecations, along with her name, were inscribed in some kind of record--on parchment, or more probably on a wooden tablet.
blot them out with the bitter water--If she were innocent, they could be easily erased, and were perfectly harmless; but if guilty, she would experience the fatal effects of the water she had drunk.
29 This is the law of jealousies--Adultery discovered and proved was punished with death. But strongly suspected cases would occur, and this law made provision for the conviction of the guilty person. It was, however, not a trial conducted according to the forms of judicial process, but an ordeal through which a suspected adulteress was made to go--the ceremony being of that terrifying nature, that, on the known principles of human nature, guilt or innocence could not fail to appear. From the earliest times, the jealousy of Eastern people has established ordeals for the detection and punishment of suspected unchastity in wives. The practice was deep-rooted as well as universal. And it has been thought, that the Israelites being strongly biassed in favor of such usages, this law of jealousies "was incorporated among the other institutions of the Mosaic economy, in order to free it from the idolatrous rites which the heathens had blended with it." Viewed in this light, its sanction by divine authority in a corrected and improved form exhibits a proof at once of the wisdom and condescension of God.
