1και ουτοι σταθμοι των υιων ισραηλ ως εξηλθον εκ γης αιγυπτου συν δυναμει αυτων εν χειρι μωυση και ααρων 2και εγραψεν μωυσης τας απαρσεις αυτων και τους σταθμους αυτων δια ρηματος κυριου και ουτοι σταθμοι της πορειας αυτων 3απηραν εκ ραμεσση τω μηνι τω πρωτω τη πεντεκαιδεκατη ημερα του μηνος του πρωτου τη επαυριον του πασχα εξηλθον οι υιοι ισραηλ εν χειρι υψηλη εναντιον παντων των αιγυπτιων 4και οι αιγυπτιοι εθαπτον εξ αυτων τους τεθνηκοτας παντας ους επαταξεν κυριος παν πρωτοτοκον εν γη αιγυπτω και εν τοις θεοις αυτων εποιησεν την εκδικησιν κυριος 5και απαραντες οι υιοι ισραηλ εκ ραμεσση παρενεβαλον εις σοκχωθ 6και απηραν εκ σοκχωθ και παρενεβαλον εις βουθαν ο εστιν μερος τι της ερημου 7και απηραν εκ βουθαν και παρενεβαλον επι στομα ειρωθ ο εστιν απεναντι βεελσεπφων και παρενεβαλον απεναντι μαγδωλου 8και απηραν απεναντι ειρωθ και διεβησαν μεσον της θαλασσης εις την ερημον και επορευθησαν οδον τριων ημερων δια της ερημου αυτοι και παρενεβαλον εν πικριαις 9και απηραν εκ πικριων και ηλθον εις αιλιμ και εν αιλιμ δωδεκα πηγαι υδατων και εβδομηκοντα στελεχη φοινικων και παρενεβαλον εκει παρα το υδωρ 10και απηραν εξ αιλιμ και παρενεβαλον επι θαλασσαν ερυθραν 11και απηραν απο θαλασσης ερυθρας και παρενεβαλον εις την ερημον σιν 12και απηραν εκ της ερημου σιν και παρενεβαλον εις ραφακα 13και απηραν εκ ραφακα και παρενεβαλον εν αιλους 14και απηραν εξ αιλους και παρενεβαλον εν ραφιδιν και ουκ ην υδωρ τω λαω πιειν εκει 15και απηραν εκ ραφιδιν και παρενεβαλον εν τη ερημω σινα 16και απηραν εκ της ερημου σινα και παρενεβαλον εν μνημασιν της επιθυμιας 17και απηραν εκ μνηματων επιθυμιας και παρενεβαλον εν ασηρωθ 18και απηραν εξ ασηρωθ και παρενεβαλον εν ραθαμα 19και απηραν εκ ραθαμα και παρενεβαλον εν ρεμμων φαρες 20και απηραν εκ ρεμμων φαρες και παρενεβαλον εν λεμωνα 21και απηραν εκ λεμωνα και παρενεβαλον εις δεσσα 22και απηραν εκ δεσσα και παρενεβαλον εις μακελλαθ 23και απηραν εκ μακελλαθ και παρενεβαλον εις σαφαρ 24και απηραν εκ σαφαρ και παρενεβαλον εις χαραδαθ 25και απηραν εκ χαραδαθ και παρενεβαλον εις μακηλωθ 26και απηραν εκ μακηλωθ και παρενεβαλον εις κατααθ 27και απηραν εκ κατααθ και παρενεβαλον εις ταραθ 28και απηραν εκ ταραθ και παρενεβαλον εις ματεκκα 29και απηραν εκ ματεκκα και παρενεβαλον εις σελμωνα 30και απηραν εκ σελμωνα και παρενεβαλον εις μασσουρουθ 31και απηραν εκ μασσουρουθ και παρενεβαλον εις βαναια 32και απηραν εκ βαναια και παρενεβαλον εις το ορος γαδγαδ 33και απηραν εκ του ορους γαδγαδ και παρενεβαλον εις ετεβαθα 34και απηραν εξ ετεβαθα και παρενεβαλον εις εβρωνα 35και απηραν εξ εβρωνα και παρενεβαλον εις γεσιωνγαβερ 36και απηραν εκ γεσιωνγαβερ και παρενεβαλον εν τη ερημω σιν και απηραν εκ της ερημου σιν και παρενεβαλον εις την ερημον φαραν αυτη εστιν καδης 37και απηραν εκ καδης και παρενεβαλον εις ωρ το ορος πλησιον γης εδωμ 38και ανεβη ααρων ο ιερευς δια προσταγματος κυριου και απεθανεν εκει εν τω τεσσαρακοστω ετει της εξοδου των υιων ισραηλ εκ γης αιγυπτου τω μηνι τω πεμπτω μια του μηνος 39και ααρων ην τριων και εικοσι και εκατον ετων οτε απεθνησκεν εν ωρ τω ορει 40και ακουσας ο χανανις βασιλευς αραδ και ουτος κατωκει εν γη χανααν οτε εισεπορευοντο οι υιοι ισραηλ 41και απηραν εξ ωρ του ορους και παρενεβαλον εις σελμωνα 42και απηραν εκ σελμωνα και παρενεβαλον εις φινω 43και απηραν εκ φινω και παρενεβαλον εις ωβωθ 44και απηραν εξ ωβωθ και παρενεβαλον εν γαι εν τω περαν επι των οριων μωαβ 45και απηραν εκ γαι και παρενεβαλον εις δαιβων γαδ 46και απηραν εκ δαιβων γαδ και παρενεβαλον εν γελμων δεβλαθαιμ 47και απηραν εκ γελμων δεβλαθαιμ και παρενεβαλον επι τα ορη τα αβαριμ απεναντι ναβαυ 48και απηραν απο ορεων αβαριμ και παρενεβαλον επι δυσμων μωαβ επι του ιορδανου κατα ιεριχω 49και παρενεβαλον παρα τον ιορδανην ανα μεσον αισιμωθ εως βελσαττιμ κατα δυσμας μωαβ 50και ελαλησεν κυριος προς μωυσην επι δυσμων μωαβ παρα τον ιορδανην κατα ιεριχω λεγων 51λαλησον τοις υιοις ισραηλ και ερεις προς αυτους υμεις διαβαινετε τον ιορδανην εις γην χανααν 52και απολειτε παντας τους κατοικουντας εν τη γη προ προσωπου υμων και εξαρειτε τας σκοπιας αυτων και παντα τα ειδωλα τα χωνευτα αυτων απολειτε αυτα και πασας τας στηλας αυτων εξαρειτε 53και απολειτε παντας τους κατοικουντας την γην και κατοικησετε εν αυτη υμιν γαρ δεδωκα την γην αυτων εν κληρω 54και κατακληρονομησετε την γην αυτων εν κληρω κατα φυλας υμων τοις πλειοσιν πληθυνειτε την κατασχεσιν αυτων και τοις ελαττοσιν ελαττωσετε την κατασχεσιν αυτων εις ο εαν εξελθη το ονομα αυτου εκει αυτου εσται κατα φυλας πατριων υμων κληρονομησετε 55εαν δε μη απολεσητε τους κατοικουντας επι της γης απο προσωπου υμων και εσται ους εαν καταλιπητε εξ αυτων σκολοπες εν τοις οφθαλμοις υμων και βολιδες εν ταις πλευραις υμων και εχθρευσουσιν επι της γης εφ' ην υμεις κατοικησετε 56και εσται καθοτι διεγνωκειν ποιησαι αυτους ποιησω υμιν
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 TWO AND FORTY JOURNEYS OF THE ISRAELITES--FROM EGYPT TO SINAI. (
Num 33:1-
Num 33:15)
These are the journeys of the children of Israel--This chapter may be said to form the winding up of the history of the travels of the Israelites through the wilderness; for the three following chapters relate to matters connected with the occupation and division of the promised land. As several apparent discrepancies will be discovered on comparing the records here given of the journeyings from Sinai with the detailed accounts of the events narrated in the Book of Exodus and the occasional notices of places that are found in that of Deuteronomy, it is probable that this itinerary comprises a list of only the most important stations in their journeys--those where they formed prolonged encampments, and whence they dispersed their flocks and herds to pasture on the adjacent plains till the surrounding herbage was exhausted. The catalogue extends from their departure out of Egypt to their arrival on the plains of Moab.
went forth . . . with their armies--that is, a vast multitude marshalled in separate companies, but regular order.
2 Moses wrote their goings out according to their journeys by the commandment of the Lord--The wisdom of this divine order is seen in the importance of the end to which it was subservient--namely, partly to establish the truth of the history, partly to preserve a memorial of God's marvellous interpositions on behalf of Israel, and partly to confirm their faith in the prospect of the difficult enterprise on which they were entering, the invasion of Canaan.
3 Rameses--generally identified with Heroopoils, now the modern Abu-Keisheid (see on
Exod 12:37), which was probably the capital of Goshen, and, by direction of Moses, the place of general rendezvous previous to their departure.
4 upon their gods--used either according to Scripture phraseology to denote their rulers (the first-born of the king and his princes) or the idolatrous objects of Egyptian worship.
5 pitched in Succoth--that is, "booths"--a place of no note except as a temporary halting place, at Birketel-Hadji, the Pilgrim's Pool [CALMET].
6 Etham--edge, or border of all that part of Arabia-Petrća which lay contiguous to Egypt and was known by the general name of Shur.
7 Pi-hahiroth, Baal-zephon . . . Migdol--(See on
Exod 14:2).
8 Marah--thought to be Ain Howarah, both from its position and the time (three days) it would take them with their children and flocks to march from the water of Ayun Musa to that spot.
9 Elim--supposed to be Wady Ghurundel (see on
Exod 15:27).
10 encamped by the Red Sea--The road from Wady Ghurundel leads into the interior, in consequence of a high continuous ridge which excludes all view of the sea. At the mouth of Wady-et-Tayibeh, after about three days' march, it opens again on a plain along the margin of the Red Sea. The minute accuracy of the Scripture narrative, in corresponding so exactly with the geographical features of this region, is remarkably shown in describing the Israelites as proceeding by the only practicable route that could be taken. This plain, where they encamped, was the Desert of Sin (see on
Exod 16:1).
12 Dophkah . . . Alush . . . Rephidim--These three stations, in the great valleys of El Sheikh and Feiran, would be equivalent to four days' journey for such a host. Rephidim (
Exod 17:6) was in Horeb, the burnt region--a generic name for a hot, mountainous country. [See on
Exod 17:1.]
15 wilderness of Sinai--the Wady Er-Raheh.
16 FROM SINAI TO KADESH AND PLAINS OF MOAB. (Num. 33:16-56)
Kibroth-Hattaavah ("the graves of lust," see on
Num 11:34) --The route, on breaking up the encampment at Sinai, led down Wady Sheikh; then crossing Jebel-et-Tih, which intersected the peninsula, they descended into Wady Zalaka, pitching successively at two brief, though memorable, stations (
Deut 9:22); then they encamped at Hazeroth ("unwalled villages"), supposed to be at Ain-Hadera (see on
Num 11:35). Kadesh, or Kadesh-barnea, is supposed to be the great valley of the Ghor, and the city Kadesh to have been situated on the border of this valley [BURCKHARDT; ROBINSON]. But as there are no less than eighteen stations inserted between Hazeroth and Kadesh, and only eleven days were spent in performing that journey (
Deut 1:2), it is evident that the intermediate stations here recorded belong to another and totally different visit to Kadesh. The first was when they left Sinai in the second month (
Num 1:11;
Num 13:20), and were in Kadesh in August (
Deut 1:45), and "abode many days" in it. Then, murmuring at the report of the spies, they were commanded to return into the desert "by the way of the Red Sea." The arrival at Kadesh, mentioned in this catalogue, corresponds to the second sojourn at that place, being the first month, or April (
Num 20:1). Between the two visits there intervened a period of thirty-eight years, during which they wandered hither and thither through all the region of El-Tih ("wanderings"), often returning to the same spots as the pastoral necessities of their flocks required; and there is the strongest reason for believing that the stations named between Hazeroth (
Num 33:8) and Kadesh (
Num 33:36) belong to the long interval of wandering. No certainty has yet been attained in ascertaining the locale of many of these stations. There must have been more than are recorded; for it is probable that those only are noted where they remained some time, where the tabernacle was pitched, and where Moses and the elders encamped, the people being scattered for pasture in various directions. From Ezion-geber, for instance, which stood at the head of the gulf of Akaba, to Kadesh, could not be much less than the whole length of the great valley of the Ghor, a distance of not less than a hundred miles, whatever might be the exact situation of Kadesh; and, of course, there must have been several intervening stations, though none are mentioned. The incidents and stages of the rest of the journey to the plains of Moab are sufficiently explicit from the preceding chapters.
18 Rithmah ("the place of the broom")--a station possibly in some wady extending westward of the Ghor.
19 Rimmon-parez, or Rimmon--a city of Judah and Simeon (
Josh 15:32); Libnah, so called from its white poplars (
Josh 10:29), or, as some think, a white hill between Kadesh and Gaza (
Josh 10:29); Rissah (El-arish); mount Shapher (Cassius); Moseroth, adjacent to mount Hor, in Wady Mousa. Ezion-geber, near Akaba, a seaport on the western shore of the Elanitic gulf; Wilderness of Zin, on the east side of the peninsula of Sinai; Punon, in the rocky ravines of mount Hor and famous for the mines and quarries in its vicinity as well as for its fruit trees, now Tafyle, on the border of Edom; Abarim, a ridge of rugged hills northwest of the Arnon--the part called Nebo was one of its highest peaks--opposite Jericho. (See on
Deut 10:6).
50 ye shall drive out all the inhabitants of the land from before you--not, however, by expulsion, but extermination (
Deut 7:1).
and destroy all their pictures--obelisks for idolatrous worship (see on
Lev 26:1).
and destroy all their molten images, and quite pluck down all their high places--by metonymy for all their groves and altars, and materials of worship on the tops of hills.
54 ye shall divide the land by lot--The particular locality of each tribe was to be determined in this manner while a line was to be used in measuring the proportion (
Josh 18:10;
Ps 16:5-
Ps 16:6).
55 But if ye will not drive out the inhabitants of the land from before you--No associations were to be formed with the inhabitants; otherwise, "if ye let remain, they will be pricks in your eyes, and thorns in your sides"--that is, they would prove troublesome and dangerous neighbors, enticing to idolatry, and consequently depriving you of the divine favor and blessing. The neglect of the counsel against union with the idolatrous inhabitants became fatal to them. This earnest admonition given to the Israelites in their peculiar circumstances conveys a salutary lesson to us to allow no lurking habits of sin to remain in us. That spiritual enemy must be eradicated from our nature; otherwise it will be ruinous to our present peace and future salvation.