1Der Kanaaniter, König von Arad, der den Südstrich besetzt hielt, hörte, Jissrael komme den Spurweg. Er kämpfte gegen Jissrael, er fing Gefangene von ihm. 2Jissrael gelobte IHM ein Gelübde, es sprach: Gibst du dieses Volk, gibst es hin in meine Hand, will ich ihre Städte bannen. 3ER erhörte Jissraels Stimme, er gab den Kanaaniter hin, und es bannte sie und ihre Städte und rief den Namen dieses Orts: Chorma, Bannung. 4Sie zogen vom Berge Hor den Weg zum Schilfmeer, das Land Edom zu umgehen. Unterwegs wurde kleinmütig die Seele des Volks. 5Das Volk redete gegen Gott und gegen Mosche: Warum habt ihr uns aus Ägypten heraufgebracht, in der Wüste zu sterben! Kein Brot ja gibts, kein Wasser, es widert unsre Seele des schalen Brotzeugs. 6ER schickte gegen das Volk die Vipern, die Brandnattern aus, die bissen das Volk, und viel Volk von Jissrael starb. 7Das Volk kam zu Mosche, sie sprachen: Wir haben gesündigt, daß wir gegen IHN redeten und gegen dich, setze dich bei IHM ein, daß er die Viper von uns wende. Mosche setzte sich ein für das Volk. 8ER sprach zu Mosche: Mache dir eine Brandnatter und tue sie an eine Bannerstange, so sei es: jeder Gebissene sehe sie an, und er wird leben bleiben. 9Mosche machte die Viper von Kupfer, er tat sie an eine Bannerstange. Es geschah: hatte die Viper einen Mann gebissen, blickte er auf die Viper von Kupfer und blieb am Leben. 10Die Söhne Jissraels zogen aus und lagerten in Obot. 11Sie zogen von Obot und lagerten in dem Ijjim der Jenseite, in der Wüste, die vor Moab ist von Sonnaufgang her. 12Von dort zogen sie und lagerten im Bachgrund Sared. 13Von dort zogen sie und lagerten jenseit des Arnon in der Wüste, die über die Mark des Amoriters hinausreicht; denn der Arnon war Moabs Markgrenze, zwischen Moab und dem Amoriter, 14darum heißt ein Spruch im Buch SEINER Kriege: ... so Waheb in Ssufa, und so die Bachgründe: Arnon, 15und der Absturz der Bäche, der sich neigt zur Lage von Ar und an Moabs Grenzmark sich stützt. 16Von dort zum Brunnen, das ist der Brunnen, von dem ER zu Mosche sprach: Hol her das Volk, und ich gebe ihnen Wasser. 17Damals sang Jissrael diesen Gesang: Aufsteige Brunnen, wechselsaget ihm: 18- Brunnen, Fürsten gruben ihn! - Volkes Edle bohrten ihn! - Mit dem Führerstab! - Mit ihren Stützen! Von der Wüste nach Mattana, 19von Mattana nach Nachalďel, von Nachalďel nach den Koppen, 20von den Koppen nach der Schlucht, die im Gefilde Moabs ist, an der Höhe des Pisga, und hinablugt zur Fläche der Öde. 21Jissrael sandte Boten zu Ssichon dem Amoriterkönig, zu sprechen: 22Laß mich dein Land durchschreiten, wir wollen in Feld und in Weinberg nicht abbiegen, wir wollen Wasser aus Brunnen nicht trinken, auf dem Königsweg wollen wir gehn, bis wir deine Gemarkung durchschritten haben. 23Aber Ssichon gab nicht zu, daß Jissrael seine Gemarkung durchschreite, Ssichon holte all sein Kriegsvolk zusammen und fuhr aus, Jissrael entgegen, in die Wüste, er kam nach Jahaz und kämpfte gegen Jissrael. 24Jissrael schlug ihn mit der Schneide des Schwerts, es ererbte sein Land vom Arnon bis zum Jabbok, bis zu den Ammonssöhnen, denn trotzig war die Mark der Ammonssöhne; 25Jissrael nahm all diese Städte ein, Jissrael besetzte alle Städte des Amoriters, Cheschbon und all ihre Töchter. 26Denn Cheschbon, die Stadt Ssichons des Amoriterkönigs wars, der kämpfte mit dem frühern König von Moab, er nahm all sein Land ihm aus den Händen, bis zum Arnon. 27Darum sprechen die Gleichwortdichter: Kommt nach Cheschbon, aufgebaut, aufgerichtet werde Ssichons Stadt! 28Denn von Cheschbon fuhr einst Feuer aus, Lohe von Ssichons Burg, fraß Moabs Stadt, die Meister der Arnonkoppen. 29Weh dir, Moab! du schwandest, Volk des Kmosch! Seine Söhne gab er als Flüchtlinge hin, seine Töchter in die Gefangenschaft dem Amoriterkönig Ssichon. 30Wir beschossen sie, Cheschbon schwand bis Dibon, wir wüsteten, bis Feuer entfacht war bis Medba! 31Es besetzte Jissrael das Land des Amoriters. 32Mosche sandte, Jaser auszuspähen, sie eroberten ihre Tochterstädte, man enterbte den Amoriter, der dort war. 33Sie wandten sich, sie stiegen den Weg nach Baschan hinan. Ausfuhr Og König des Baschan ihnen entgegen, er und all sein Kriegsvolk, zum Kampf nach Edreď. 34ER sprach zu Mosche: Fürchte ihn nimmer, denn in deine Hand gebe ich ihn, all sein Volk und sein Land, du sollst ihm tun, wie du Ssichon dem Amoriterkönig tatest, der in Cheschbon saß. 35Sie schlugen ihn, seine Söhne und all sein Volk, ohne auch nur einen Entkommenen ihm zu lassen, und ererbten sein Land.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 ISRAEL ATTACKED BY THE CANAANITES. (Num. 21:1-35)
King Arad the Canaanite--rather, "the Canaanite king of Arad"--an ancient town on the southernmost borders of Palestine, not far from Kadesh. A hill called Tell Arad marks the spot.
heard tell that Israel came by the way of the spies--in the way or manner of spies, stealthily, or from spies sent by himself to ascertain the designs and motions of the Israelites. The Septuagint and others consider the Hebrew word "spies" a proper name, and render it: "Came by the way of Atharim towards Arad" [KENNICOTT].
he fought against Israel, and took some of them prisoners--This discomfiture was permitted to teach them to expect the conquest of Canaan not from their own wisdom and valor, but solely from the favor and help of God (
Deut 9:4;
Ps 44:3-
Ps 44:4).
2 Israel vowed a vow unto the Lord--Made to feel their own weakness, they implored the aid of Heaven, and, in anticipation of it, devoted the cities of this king to future destruction. The nature and consequence of such anathemas are described (Lev. 27:1-34; Deu. 13:1-18). This vow of extermination against Arad [
Num 21:2] gave name to the place Hormah (slaughter and destruction) though it was not accomplished till after the passage of the Jordan. Others think Hormah the name of a town mentioned (
Josh 12:14).
4 they journeyed from mount Hor--On being refused the passage requested, they returned through the Arabah, "the way of the Red Sea," to Elath, at the head of the eastern gulf of the Red Sea, and thence passed up through the mountains to the eastern desert, so as to make the circuit of the land of Edom (
Num 33:41-
Num 33:42).
the soul of the people was much discouraged because of the way--Disappointment on finding themselves so near the confines of the promised land without entering it; vexation at the refusal of a passage through Edom and the absence of any divine interposition in their favor; and above all, the necessity of a retrograde journey by a long and circuitous route through the worst parts of a sandy desert and the dread of being plunged into new and unknown difficulties--all this produced a deep depression of spirits. But it was followed, as usually, by a gross outburst of murmuring at the scarcity of water, and of expressions of disgust at the manna.
5 our soul loatheth this light bread--that is, bread without substance or nutritious quality. The refutation of this calumny appears in the fact, that on the strength of this food they performed for forty years so many and toilsome journeys. But they had been indulging a hope of the better and more varied fare enjoyed by a settled people; and disappointment, always the more bitter as the hope of enjoyment seems near, drove them to speak against God and against Moses (
1Cor 10:9).
6 The Lord sent fiery serpents among the people--That part of the desert where the Israelites now were--near the head of the gulf of Akaba--is greatly infested with venomous reptiles, of various kinds, particularly lizards, which raise themselves in the air and swing themselves from branches; and scorpions, which, being in the habit of lying in long grass, are particularly dangerous to the barelegged, sandaled people of the East. The only known remedy consists in sucking the wound, or, in the case of cattle, in the application of ammonia. The exact species of serpents that caused so great mortality among the Israelites cannot be ascertained. They are said to have been "fiery," an epithet applied to them either from their bright, vivid color, or the violent inflammation their bite occasioned.
7 the people came to Moses, and said, We have sinned--The severity of the scourge and the appalling extent of mortality brought them to a sense of sin, and through the intercessions of Moses, which they implored, they were miraculously healed. He was directed to make the figure of a serpent in brass, to be elevated on a pole or standard, that it might be seen at the extremities of the camp and that every bitten Israelite who looked to it might be healed. This peculiar method of cure was designed, in the first instance, to show that it was the efficacy of God's power and grace, not the effect of nature or art, and also that it might be a type of the power of faith in Christ to heal all who look to Him because of their sins (
John 3:14-
John 3:15; see also on
2Kgs 18:4).
10 the children of Israel set forward--along the eastern frontier of the Edomites, encamping in various stations.
12 pitched in the valley--literally, the "woody brook-valley" of Zared (
Deut 2:13;
Isa 15:7;
Amos 6:14). This torrent rises among the mountains to the east of Moab, and flowing west, empties itself into the Dead Sea. Ije-Abarim is supposed to have been its ford [CALMET].
13 pitched on the other side of Arnon--now El-Mojib, a deep, broad, and rapid stream, dividing the dominions of the Moabites and Amorites.
14 book of the wars of the Lord--A fragment or passage is here quoted from a poem or history of the wars of the Israelites, principally with a view to decide the position of Arnon.
15 Ar--the capital of Moab.
16 from thence they went to Beer--that is, a "well." The name was probably given to it afterwards [see
Judg 9:21], as it is not mentioned (Num. 33:1-56).
17 Then Israel sang--This beautiful little song was in accordance with the wants and feelings of travelling caravans in the East, where water is an occasion both of prayer and thanksgiving. From the princes using their official rods only, and not spades, it seems probable that this well was concealed by the brushwood or the sand, as is the case with many wells in Idumea still. The discovery of it was seasonable, and owing to the special interposition of God.
21 Israel sent messengers unto Sihon--The rejection of their respectful and pacific message was resented--Sihon was discomfited in battle--and Israel obtained by right of conquest the whole of the Amorite dominions.
24 from Arnon unto Jabbok--now the Zurka. These rivers formed the southern and northern boundaries of his usurped territory.
for the border of . . . Ammon was strong--a reason stated for Sihon not being able to push his invasion further.
25 Israel dwelt in all the cities--after exterminating the inhabitants who had been previously doomed (
Deut 2:34).
26 Heshbon-- (
Song 7:4) --situated sixteen English miles north of the Arnon, and from its ruins it appears to have been a large city.
27 Wherefore they that speak in proverbs--Here is given an extract from an Amorite song exultingly anticipating an extension of their conquests to Arnon. The quotation from the poem of the Amorite bard ends at
Num 21:28. The two following verses appear to be the strains in which the Israelites expose the impotence of the usurpers.
29 people of Chemosh--the name of the Moabite idol (1Ki. 11:7-33;
2Kgs 23:13;
Jer 48:46).
he--that is, their god, hath surrendered his worshippers to the victorious arms of Sihon.
33 they turned and went up by the way of Bashan--a name given to that district from the richness of the soil--now Batanea or El-Bottein--a hilly region east of the Jordan lying between the mountains of Hermon on the north and those of Gilead on the south.
Og--a giant, an Amoritish prince, who, having opposed the progress of the Israelites, was defeated.
34 The Lord said unto Moses, Fear him not--a necessary encouragement, for Og's gigantic stature (
Deut 3:11) was calculated to inspire terror. He and all his were put to the sword.