1Ježíš pak plný Ducha Svatého se vrátil od Jordánu. Duch ho vodil pustinou 2čtyřicet dní a Ďábel ho pokoušel. V oněch dnech Ježíš nic nesnědl, a když se skončily, vyhladověl. 3Ďábel mu řekl: „Jsi-li Syn Boží, řekni tomuto kameni, ať se stane chlebem.“ 4Ježíš mu odpověděl: „Je napsáno: ‚Člověk nebude živ jen chlebem, ale každým Božím slovem.‘ “ 5Ďábel ho vyvedl vzhůru, v jediném okamžiku mu ukázal všechna království světa 6a řekl mu: „Všechnu tuto pravomoc a jejich slávu dám tobě, protože mně je dána, a komukoli chci, tomu ji dám. 7Jestliže se tedy ty přede mnou pokloníš, všechna bude tvá.“ 8Ježíš mu odpověděl: „Je napsáno: ‚Pánu, svému Bohu, se budeš klanět a jemu jedinému sloužit.‘ “ 9Přivedl jej pak do Jeruzaléma, postavil ho na vrcholek chrámu a řekl mu: „Jsi-li Syn Boží, vrhni se odtud dolů; 10vždyť je napsáno, že ‚svým andělům přikáže o tobě, aby tě ochránili‘ 11a ‚na rukou tě ponesou, abys snad svou nohou nenarazil na kámen.‘ “ 12Ježíš mu odpověděl: „Je řečeno: ‚ Nebudeš pokoušet Pána, svého Boha.‘ “ 13Když Ďábel dokončil všechno pokušení, odstoupil od něho až do příhodné doby. 14Ježíš se v moci Ducha vrátil do Galileje a pověst o něm se rozšířila do celého okolí. 15A vyučoval v jejich synagogách, oslavován ode všech. 16I přišel do Nazareta, kde byl vychován. Podle svého zvyku vstoupil v sobotní den do synagogy. A povstal, aby četl. 17Byl mu podán svitek proroka Izaiáše; rozvinul svitek a našel místo, kde bylo napsáno: 18‚Pánův Duch je na mně, protože mne pomazal, abych zvěstoval evangelium chudým; poslal mne vyhlásit zajatcům propuštění a slepým nabytí zraku, propustit zlomené na svobodu, 19vyhlásit vítaný Pánův rok.‘ 20A svinul svitek, odevzdal ho sluhovi a posadil se. Oči všech v synagoze se upíraly na něho. 21Začal jim tedy říkat: „Dnes se naplnilo toto Písmo ve vašich uších. “ 22Všichni mu přisvědčovali a divili se těm slovům milosti, vycházejícím z jeho úst, a říkali: „Není tento syn Josefův?“ 23Řekl jim: „Jistě mi řeknete toto přísloví: Lékaři, uzdrav sám sebe! To, o čem jsme uslyšeli, že se stalo v Kafarnaum, učiň i zde ve své domovině.“ 24Řekl: „Amen, pravím vám, že žádný prorok není vítaný ve své vlasti. 25Po pravdě vám pravím, ve dnech Eliášových, když bylo nebe zavřeno na tři roky a šest měsíců, takže nastal veliký hlad po celé zemi, bylo mnoho vdov v Izraeli. 26A k žádné z nich nebyl Eliáš poslán, nýbrž jen k ženě vdově do Sarepty v Sidónu. 27A mnoho malomocných bylo v Izraeli za proroka Elizea, a žádný z nich nebyl očištěn, jen Syřan Náman. “ 28Když to slyšeli, byli všichni v synagoze naplněni hněvem. 29Vstali, vyhnali ho za město a dovedli ho až na okraj hory, na níž bylo jejich město vystavěno, aby ho svrhli dolů. 30On však prošel jejich středem a ubíral se dál. 31Sestoupil do galilejského města Kafarnaum a učil je v sobotu. 32A byli ohromeni nad jeho učením, protože jeho slovo bylo pronášeno v pravomoci. 33V synagoze byl člověk, který měl ducha nečistého démona; i vykřikl velikým hlasem: 34„Ach, co je ti po nás, Ježíši Nazaretský? Přišel jsi nás zničit? Znám tě, kdo jsi: Svatý Boží.“ 35Ježíš mu pohrozil: „Umlkni a vyjdi od něho!“ A démon jím mrštil doprostřed a vyšel od něho, aniž mu jakkoli uškodil. 36Na všechny padl úžas a říkali si mezi sebou: „Jaké je to slovo, že v pravomoci a síle přikazuje nečistým duchům, a oni vycházejí?“ 37A zpráva o něm se šířila do každého místa okolní krajiny. 38Opustil synagogu a vstoupil do Šimonova domu. Šimonova tchyně byla sužována velikou horečkou; i poprosili ho za ni. 39Postavil se nad ní, pohrozil horečce, a ta ji opustila. Ihned vstala a obsluhovala je. 40Když zapadalo slunce, všichni, kteří měli nemocné různými chorobami, přiváděli je k němu; on pak na každého z nich vkládal ruce a uzdravoval je. 41Od mnohých vycházeli i démoni, kteří křičeli a říkali: „Ty jsi Boží Syn!“ Hrozil jim a nedovoloval jim mluvit, protože věděli, že je Mesiáš. 42Když nastal den, vyšel z domu a odešel na opuštěné místo. Zástupy ho hledaly, přišly až k němu a zdržovaly ho, aby od nich neodcházel. 43On jim však řekl: „Také ostatním městům musím zvěstovat evangelium Božího království, neboť k tomu jsem byl poslán.“ 44A hlásal je v judských synagogách.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 16 JESUS ENTERING ON HIS PUBLIC MINISTRY, MAKES A CIRCUIT OF GALILEE--REJECTION AT NAZARETH. (Luke 4:14-32)
as his custom was--Compare
Acts 17:2.
stood up for to read--Others besides rabbins were allowed to address the congregation. (See
Acts 13:15.)
18 To have fixed on any passage announcing His sufferings (as
Isa 53:1-
Isa 53:12), would have been unsuitable at that early stage of His ministry. But He selects a passage announcing the sublime object of His whole mission, its divine character, and His special endowments for it; expressed in the first person, and so singularly adapted to the first opening of the mouth in His prophetic capacity, that it seems as if made expressly for this occasion. It is from the well-known section of Isaiah's prophecies whose burden is that mysterious "SERVANT OF THE LORD," despised of man, abhorred of the nation, but before whom kings on seeing Him are to arise, and princes to worship; in visage more marred than any man and His form than the sons of men, yet sprinkling many nations; laboring seemingly in vain, and spending His strength for naught and in vain, yet Jehovah's Servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob and be His Salvation to the ends of the earth (Isa. 49:1-26, &c.). The quotation is chiefly from the Septuagint version, used in the synagogues.
19 acceptable year--an allusion to the jubilee year (
Lev 25:10), a year of universal release for person and property. (See also
Isa 49:8;
2Cor 6:2.) As the maladies under which humanity groans are here set forth under the names of poverty, broken-heartedness, bondage, blindness, bruisedness (or crushedness), so, as the glorious HEALER of all these maladies, Christ announces Himself in the act of reading it, stopping the quotation just before it comes to "the day of vengeance," which was only to come on the rejecters of His message (
John 3:17). The first words, "THE SPIRIT of the LORD is upon ME," have been noted since the days of the Church Fathers, as an illustrious example of Father, Son, and Holy Ghost being exhibited as in distinct yet harmonious action in the scheme of salvation.
20 the minister--the chazan, or synagogue-officer.
all eyes . . . fastened on Him--astounded at His putting in such claims.
21 began to say, &c.--His whole address was just a detailed application to Himself of this and perhaps other like prophecies.
22 gracious words--"the words of grace," referring both to the richness of His matter and the sweetness of His manner (
Ps 45:2).
Is not this, &c.--(See on
Matt 13:54-
Matt 13:56). They knew He had received no rabbinical education, and anything supernatural they seemed incapable of conceiving.
23 this proverb--like our "Charity begins at home."
whatsoever, &c.--"Strange rumors have reached our ears of Thy doings at Capernaum; but if such power resides in Thee to cure the ills of humanity, why has none of it yet come nearer home, and why is all this alleged power reserved for strangers?" His choice of Capernaum as a place of residence since entering on public life was, it seems, already well known at Nazareth; and when He did come thither, to give no displays of His power when distant places were ringing with His fame, wounded their pride. He had indeed "laid his hands on a few sick folk and healed them" (
Mark 6:5); but this seems to have been done quite privately the general unbelief precluding anything more open.
24 And he said, &c.--He replies to the one proverb by another, equally familiar, which we express in a rougher form--"Too much familiarity breeds contempt." Our Lord's long residence in Nazareth merely as a townsman had made Him too common, incapacitating them for appreciating Him as others did who were less familiar with His everyday demeanor in private life. A most important principle, to which the wise will pay due regard. (See also
Matt 7:6, on which our Lord Himself ever acted.)
25 But I tell you, &c.--falling back for support on the well-known examples of Elijah and Elisha (Eliseus), whose miraculous power, passing by those who were near, expended itself on those at a distance, yea on heathens, "the two great prophets who stand at the commencement of prophetic antiquity, and whose miracles strikingly prefigured those of our Lord. As He intended like them to feed the poor and cleanse the lepers, He points to these miracles of mercy, and not to the fire from heaven and the bears that tore the mockers" [STIER].
three years and six months--So
Jas 5:17, including perhaps the six months after the last fall of rain, when there would be little or none at any rate; whereas in
1Kgs 18:1, which says the rain returned "in the third year," that period is probably not reckoned.
26 save . . . saving--"but only." (Compare
Mark 13:32, Greek.)
Sarepta--"Zarephath" (
1Kgs 17:9), a heathen village between Tyre and Sidon. (See
Mark 7:24.)
28 when they heard these things--these allusions to the heathen, just as afterwards with Paul (
Acts 22:21-
Acts 22:22).
29 rose up--broke up the service irreverently and rushed forth.
thrust him--with violence, as a prisoner in their hands.
brow, &c.--Nazareth, though not built on the ridge of a hill, is in part surrounded by one to the west, having several such precipices. (See
2Chr 25:12;
2Kgs 9:33.) It was a mode of capital punishment not unusual among the Romans and others. This was the first insult which the Son of God received, and it came from "them of His own household!" (
Matt 10:36).
30 passing through the midst, &c.--evidently in a miraculous way, though perhaps quite noiselessly, leading them to wonder afterwards what spell could have come over them, that they allowed Him to escape. (Similar escapes, however, in times of persecution, are not unexampled.)
31 down to Capernaum--It lay on the Sea of Galilee (
Matt 4:13), whereas Nazareth lay high.
33 DEMONIAC HEALED. (
Luke 4:33-
Luke 4:37)
unclean--The frequency with which this character of impurity is applied to evil spirits is worthy of notice.
cried out, &c.--(See
Matt 8:29;
Mark 3:11).
35 rebuked them, &c.--(See on
Luke 4:41).
thrown him, &c.--See on
Mark 9:20.
36 What a word--a word from the Lord of spirits.
41 PETER'S MOTHER-IN-LAW AND MANY OTHERS, HEALED. (
Luke 4:38-
Luke 4:41)
suffered them not to speak--The marginal reading ("to say that they knew him to be Christ") here is wrong. Our Lord ever refused testimony from devils, for the very reason why they were eager to give it, because He and they would thus seem to be one interest, as His enemies actually alleged. (See on
Matt 12:24, &c.; see also
Acts 16:16-
Acts 16:18.)
42 JESUS SOUGHT OUT AT MORNING PRAYER, AND ENTREATED TO STAY, DECLINES FROM THE URGENCY OF HIS WORK. (
Luke 4:42-
Luke 4:44)
stayed him--"were staying Him," or sought to do it. What a contrast to the Gadarenes! The nature of His mission required Him to keep moving, that all might hear the glad tidings (
Matt 8:34).
43 I must, &c.--but duty only could move Him to deny entreaties so grateful to His spirit.