1Ježíš, pak, pln byv Ducha svatého, vrátil se od Jordánu, a puzen jest v Duchu na poušť. 2A za čtyřidceti dní pokoušín byl od ďábla, a nic nejedl v těch dnech. Ale když se skonali, potom zlačněl. 3I řekl jemu ďábel: Jestliže jsi Syn Boží, rci kamenu tomuto, ať jest chléb. 4I odpověděl jemu Ježíš, řka: Psánoť jest: Že ne samým chlebem živ bude člověk, ale každým slovem Božím. 5I vedl jej ďábel na horu vysokou, a ukázal mu všecka království okršlku země pojednou. 6A řekl jemu ďábel: Toběť dám tuto všecku moc i slávu; nebo mně dána jest, a komuž bych koli chtěl, dám ji. 7Protož ty pokloníš-li se přede mnou, budeť všecko tvé. 8I odpověděv Ježíš, řekl jemu: Jdi pryč ode mne, satanáši; nebo psáno jest: Pánu Bohu svému budeš se klaněti, a jemu samému sloužiti. 9Tedy vedl jej do Jeruzaléma, a postavil ho na vrchu chrámu, a řekl mu: Jsi-li Syn Boží, pusť se odtud dolů. 10Nebo psáno jest: Že andělům svým přikáže o tobě, aby tě ostříhali, 11A že tě na ruce uchopí, abys neurazil o kámen nohy své. 12A odpovídaje, dí mu Ježíš: Povědínoť jest: Nebudeš pokoušeti Pána Boha svého. 13A dokonav všecka pokušení ďábel, odšel od něho až do času. 14I navrátil se Ježíš v moci Ducha do Galilee, a vyšla pověst o něm po vší té okolní krajině. 15A on učil v školách jejich, a slaven byl ode všech. 16I přišel do Nazaréta, kdež byl vychován, a všel podlé obyčeje svého v den sobotní do školy. I vstal, aby četl. 17I dána jemu kniha Izaiáše proroka. A otevřev knihu, nalezl místo, kdež bylo napsáno: 18Duch Páně nade mnou, proto že pomazal mne, kázati evangelium chudým poslal mne, a uzdravovati skroušené srdcem, zvěstovati jatým propuštění a slepým vidění, a propustiti ssoužené v svobodu, 19A zvěstovati léto Páně vzácné. 20A zavřev knihu, a vrátiv služebníku, posadil se. A všech v škole oči byly obráceny naň. 21I počal mluviti k nim: Že dnes naplnilo se písmo toto v uších vašich. 22A všickni jemu posvědčovali, a divili se libým slovům, pocházejícím z úst jeho, a pravili: Zdaliž tento není syn Jozefův? 23I dí k nim: Zajisté díte mi toto podobenství: Lékaři, uzdrav se sám. Které věci slyšeli jsme, žes činil v Kafarnaum, učiň i zde v své vlasti. 24I řekl jim: Amen pravím vám, žeť žádný prorok není vzácen v vlasti své. 25Ale v pravdě pravím vám, že mnoho vdov bylo za dnů Eliáše v lidu Izraelském, když zavříno bylo nebe za tři léta a za šest měsíců, a když byl hlad veliký po vší zemi, 26Však Eliáš k žádné z nich není poslán, než toliko do Sarepty Sidonské k ženě vdově. 27A mnoho malomocných bylo v lidu Izraelském za Elizea proroka, a však žádný z nich není očištěn, než Náman Syrský. 28I naplněni byli všickni v škole hněvem, slyšíce to. 29A povstavše, vyvedli jej ven z města, a vedli ho až na vrch hory, na níž město jejich bylo vzděláno, aby jej dolů sstrčili. 30Ale on bera se prostředkem jich, ušel. 31I sstoupil do Kafarnaum, města Galilejského, a učil je ve dny sobotní. 32I divili se velmi učení jeho, nebo mocná byla řeč jeho. 33Byl pak v škole člověk, mající ducha ďábelství nečistého. I zvolal hlasem velikým, 34Řka: Ach, což jest tobě do nás, Ježíši Nazaretský? Přišel jsi zatratiti nás? Znám tě, kdo jsi, že ten Svatý Boží. 35I přimluvil jemu Ježíš, řka: Umlkniž a vyjdi od něho. A povrha jej ďábel mezi ně, vyšel od něho, a nic mu neuškodil. 36I přišel strach na všecky, a rozmlouvali vespolek, řkouce: Jaké jest toto slovo, že v moci a síle přikazuje nečistým duchům, a vycházejí? 37I rozcházela se o něm pověst po všelikém místě té okolní krajiny. 38Vstav pak ze školy, všel do domu Šimonova. Svegruše pak Šimonova trápena byla těžkou zimnicí. I prosili ho za ni. 39Tedy stoje nad ní, přimluvil zimnici, i přestala jí. A ona hned vstavši, posluhovala jim. 40Při západu pak slunce všickni, kteříž měli nemocné rozličnými neduhy, vodili je k němu, a on na jednoho každého z nich ruce vzkládav, uzdravoval je. 41Od mnohých také ďábelství vycházela, křičící a říkající: Ty jsi Kristus, Syn Boží. Ale přimlouvaje, nedopouštěl jim mluviti; nebo věděli, že jest on Kristus. 42A jakž byl den, vyšed, bral se na pusté místo. I hledali ho zástupové, a přišli až k němu, a zdržovali ho, aby neodcházel od nich. 43On pak řekl jim: I jinýmť městům musím zvěstovati království Boží; nebo na to poslán jsem. 44I kázal v školách Galilejských.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 16 JESUS ENTERING ON HIS PUBLIC MINISTRY, MAKES A CIRCUIT OF GALILEE--REJECTION AT NAZARETH. (Luke 4:14-32)
as his custom was--Compare
Acts 17:2.
stood up for to read--Others besides rabbins were allowed to address the congregation. (See
Acts 13:15.)
18 To have fixed on any passage announcing His sufferings (as
Isa 53:1-
Isa 53:12), would have been unsuitable at that early stage of His ministry. But He selects a passage announcing the sublime object of His whole mission, its divine character, and His special endowments for it; expressed in the first person, and so singularly adapted to the first opening of the mouth in His prophetic capacity, that it seems as if made expressly for this occasion. It is from the well-known section of Isaiah's prophecies whose burden is that mysterious "SERVANT OF THE LORD," despised of man, abhorred of the nation, but before whom kings on seeing Him are to arise, and princes to worship; in visage more marred than any man and His form than the sons of men, yet sprinkling many nations; laboring seemingly in vain, and spending His strength for naught and in vain, yet Jehovah's Servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob and be His Salvation to the ends of the earth (Isa. 49:1-26, &c.). The quotation is chiefly from the Septuagint version, used in the synagogues.
19 acceptable year--an allusion to the jubilee year (
Lev 25:10), a year of universal release for person and property. (See also
Isa 49:8;
2Cor 6:2.) As the maladies under which humanity groans are here set forth under the names of poverty, broken-heartedness, bondage, blindness, bruisedness (or crushedness), so, as the glorious HEALER of all these maladies, Christ announces Himself in the act of reading it, stopping the quotation just before it comes to "the day of vengeance," which was only to come on the rejecters of His message (
John 3:17). The first words, "THE SPIRIT of the LORD is upon ME," have been noted since the days of the Church Fathers, as an illustrious example of Father, Son, and Holy Ghost being exhibited as in distinct yet harmonious action in the scheme of salvation.
20 the minister--the chazan, or synagogue-officer.
all eyes . . . fastened on Him--astounded at His putting in such claims.
21 began to say, &c.--His whole address was just a detailed application to Himself of this and perhaps other like prophecies.
22 gracious words--"the words of grace," referring both to the richness of His matter and the sweetness of His manner (
Ps 45:2).
Is not this, &c.--(See on
Matt 13:54-
Matt 13:56). They knew He had received no rabbinical education, and anything supernatural they seemed incapable of conceiving.
23 this proverb--like our "Charity begins at home."
whatsoever, &c.--"Strange rumors have reached our ears of Thy doings at Capernaum; but if such power resides in Thee to cure the ills of humanity, why has none of it yet come nearer home, and why is all this alleged power reserved for strangers?" His choice of Capernaum as a place of residence since entering on public life was, it seems, already well known at Nazareth; and when He did come thither, to give no displays of His power when distant places were ringing with His fame, wounded their pride. He had indeed "laid his hands on a few sick folk and healed them" (
Mark 6:5); but this seems to have been done quite privately the general unbelief precluding anything more open.
24 And he said, &c.--He replies to the one proverb by another, equally familiar, which we express in a rougher form--"Too much familiarity breeds contempt." Our Lord's long residence in Nazareth merely as a townsman had made Him too common, incapacitating them for appreciating Him as others did who were less familiar with His everyday demeanor in private life. A most important principle, to which the wise will pay due regard. (See also
Matt 7:6, on which our Lord Himself ever acted.)
25 But I tell you, &c.--falling back for support on the well-known examples of Elijah and Elisha (Eliseus), whose miraculous power, passing by those who were near, expended itself on those at a distance, yea on heathens, "the two great prophets who stand at the commencement of prophetic antiquity, and whose miracles strikingly prefigured those of our Lord. As He intended like them to feed the poor and cleanse the lepers, He points to these miracles of mercy, and not to the fire from heaven and the bears that tore the mockers" [STIER].
three years and six months--So
Jas 5:17, including perhaps the six months after the last fall of rain, when there would be little or none at any rate; whereas in
1Kgs 18:1, which says the rain returned "in the third year," that period is probably not reckoned.
26 save . . . saving--"but only." (Compare
Mark 13:32, Greek.)
Sarepta--"Zarephath" (
1Kgs 17:9), a heathen village between Tyre and Sidon. (See
Mark 7:24.)
28 when they heard these things--these allusions to the heathen, just as afterwards with Paul (
Acts 22:21-
Acts 22:22).
29 rose up--broke up the service irreverently and rushed forth.
thrust him--with violence, as a prisoner in their hands.
brow, &c.--Nazareth, though not built on the ridge of a hill, is in part surrounded by one to the west, having several such precipices. (See
2Chr 25:12;
2Kgs 9:33.) It was a mode of capital punishment not unusual among the Romans and others. This was the first insult which the Son of God received, and it came from "them of His own household!" (
Matt 10:36).
30 passing through the midst, &c.--evidently in a miraculous way, though perhaps quite noiselessly, leading them to wonder afterwards what spell could have come over them, that they allowed Him to escape. (Similar escapes, however, in times of persecution, are not unexampled.)
31 down to Capernaum--It lay on the Sea of Galilee (
Matt 4:13), whereas Nazareth lay high.
33 DEMONIAC HEALED. (
Luke 4:33-
Luke 4:37)
unclean--The frequency with which this character of impurity is applied to evil spirits is worthy of notice.
cried out, &c.--(See
Matt 8:29;
Mark 3:11).
35 rebuked them, &c.--(See on
Luke 4:41).
thrown him, &c.--See on
Mark 9:20.
36 What a word--a word from the Lord of spirits.
41 PETER'S MOTHER-IN-LAW AND MANY OTHERS, HEALED. (
Luke 4:38-
Luke 4:41)
suffered them not to speak--The marginal reading ("to say that they knew him to be Christ") here is wrong. Our Lord ever refused testimony from devils, for the very reason why they were eager to give it, because He and they would thus seem to be one interest, as His enemies actually alleged. (See on
Matt 12:24, &c.; see also
Acts 16:16-
Acts 16:18.)
42 JESUS SOUGHT OUT AT MORNING PRAYER, AND ENTREATED TO STAY, DECLINES FROM THE URGENCY OF HIS WORK. (
Luke 4:42-
Luke 4:44)
stayed him--"were staying Him," or sought to do it. What a contrast to the Gadarenes! The nature of His mission required Him to keep moving, that all might hear the glad tidings (
Matt 8:34).
43 I must, &c.--but duty only could move Him to deny entreaties so grateful to His spirit.