1Ježíš se však, pln Svatého Ducha, vrátil od Jordánu zpět a byl Duchem voděn v pustině 2čtyřicet dní, jsa pokoušen od ďábla. A v oněch dnech ničeho nepojedl, a když ony byly skončeny, vyhladověl. 3I řekl mu ďábel: Jsi-li Boží Syn, řekni tomuto kameni, aby se stal chlebem. 4A Ježíš k němu odpověděl, pravě: Je psáno: Ne pouhým chlebem bude člověk žít, nýbrž každým Božím slovem. 5I vyvedl ho [ďábel] na vysokou horu a v okamžiku mu ukázal všechna království obydleného světa. 6A ďábel mu řekl: Veškerou tuto pravomoc a jejich slávu dám tobě, protože je odevzdána mně a dávám ji, komukoli si přeji. 7Pokloníš-li se tedy přede mnou ty, bude všechna tvá. 8A Ježíš mu v odpověď řekl: Je psáno: Budeš se klanět PÁNU, svému Bohu, a jemu jedinému konat svatou službu. 9I zavedl ho do Jerúsaléma a postavil ho na vrchol CHRÁMU a řekl mu: Jsi-li Boží Syn, vrhni se odtud dolů; 10je přece psáno: Svým andělům o tobě dá příkaz, by tě ochránili, 11a že tě ponesou na rukou, abys svou nohou nějak nenarazil na kámen. 12A Ježíš mu v odpověď řekl: Je řečeno: Nebudeš pokoušet PÁNA, svého Boha. 13A ďábel, skončiv všechno pokoušení, od něho na čas odstoupil. 14A Ježíš se v moci Ducha vrátil zpět do Galileje a zpráva o něm vyšla po celém okolním kraji, 15a v jejich synagogách vyučoval on, jsa ode všech oslavován. 16I přišel do Nazaretu, kde byl vychován, a podle toho, co mu bylo obyčejem, vstoupil v sobotní den do synagogy; i povstal, by se ujal čtení. 17A byla mu podána kniha proroka Isaiáše; a rozvinuv tu knihu, našel to místo, kde bylo napsáno: 18Na mně je Duch PÁNĚ, protože mě pomazal, bych chudým přinesl blahou zvěst; vyslal mě, bych prohlásil zajatcům osvobození a slepcům prohlédnutí, bych zdrcené odeslal osvobozené, 19bych prohlásil vítaný rok PÁNĚ. 20A svinuv knihu, odevzdal ji zřízenci a usedl, a oči všech v synagoze se upíraly k němu. 21I počal k nim mluvit: Dnes je toto Písmo splněno ve vašich uších. 22A všichni mu svědčili a divili se při slovech milosti, jež vycházela z jeho úst, a říkali: Není toto ten Josefův syn? 23I řekl k nim: Povíte mi ovšem toto přirovnání: lékaři, uzdrav sám sebe; cokoli jsme uslyšeli, že se stalo v Kafarnaúmu, vykonej i zde ve své otčině. 24A řekl: Věru, pravím vám, že žádný prorok není ve své otčině vítán. 25Říkám vám však dle pravdy: Bylo mnoho vdov v Israélovi ve dnech Eliášových, když bylo nebe zamknuto na tři léta a šest měsíců, a tak přišel na celou zemi veliký hlad, 26a k žádné z nich nebyl Eliáš poslán, leč k jedné ženě, vdově, do Sarepty v Sidónii; 27a bylo mnoho malomocných v Israélovi za Elisea, proroka, a žádný z nich nebyl očištěn, leč Náman, Syřan. 28A všichni v synagoze, slyšíce tyto věci, byli naplněni vztekem, 29i povstali a vystrčili ho z města ven a zavedli ho až na okraj temene hory, na níž bylo jejich město zbudováno, tak aby ho mohli svrhnout ze srázu, 30on však, prošed jejich středem, se ubíral svou cestou 31a sešel do Kafarnaúmu, města v Galilei, a o sobotách je vyučoval; 32i upadali v ohromení nad jeho naukou, protože se jeho slovo dělo s pravomocí. 33A v té synagoze byl jeden člověk, mající ducha nečistého démona, i vzkřikl silným hlasem, pravě: 34Eh, co je ti do nás, Ježíši, Nazareťane? Přišel jsi nás zahubit? Znám tě, kdo jsi - Boží Svatý. 35A Ježíš ho pokáral, pravě: Oněm a vyjdi od něho! A ten démon, mrštiv jím doprostřed, od něho vyšel a nic mu neuškodil. 36I přišla na všechny hrůza a domlouvali se navzájem, říkajíce: Jaké je toto slovo, že v pravomoci a síle nařizuje nečistým duchům, a vycházejí? 37A řeč o něm se rozšiřovala do každého místa okolního kraje. 38A když se z té synagogy zvedl, vstoupil do domu Šimonova. Šimonova tchyně však byla sužována vysokou horečkou, i požádali ho za ni; 39a stanuv nad ní, napomenul tu horečku a opustila ji, i vstala okamžitě a obsluhovala je. 40A když slunce zapadlo, všichni, kolik jich mělo nemocné rozličnými chorobami, je k němu přivedli, a on, položiv na každičkého z nich ruce, je uzdravoval; 41a od mnohých vycházeli i démoni, křičíce a říkajíce: Ty jsi Boží Syn. I napomínal je a nedopouštěl jim mluvit, protože věděli, že on je KRISTUS. 42A když nastal den, vyšel a odebral se na pusté místo; a davy se po něm pídily, i přišli až k němu a zdržovali ho, by se od nich neubíral. 43On k nim však řekl: I jiným městům musím přinést blahou zvěst o Božím království, protože na to jsem byl vyslán. 44I kázal v synagogách Galileje.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 16 JESUS ENTERING ON HIS PUBLIC MINISTRY, MAKES A CIRCUIT OF GALILEE--REJECTION AT NAZARETH. (Luke 4:14-32)
as his custom was--Compare
Acts 17:2.
stood up for to read--Others besides rabbins were allowed to address the congregation. (See
Acts 13:15.)
18 To have fixed on any passage announcing His sufferings (as
Isa 53:1-
Isa 53:12), would have been unsuitable at that early stage of His ministry. But He selects a passage announcing the sublime object of His whole mission, its divine character, and His special endowments for it; expressed in the first person, and so singularly adapted to the first opening of the mouth in His prophetic capacity, that it seems as if made expressly for this occasion. It is from the well-known section of Isaiah's prophecies whose burden is that mysterious "SERVANT OF THE LORD," despised of man, abhorred of the nation, but before whom kings on seeing Him are to arise, and princes to worship; in visage more marred than any man and His form than the sons of men, yet sprinkling many nations; laboring seemingly in vain, and spending His strength for naught and in vain, yet Jehovah's Servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob and be His Salvation to the ends of the earth (Isa. 49:1-26, &c.). The quotation is chiefly from the Septuagint version, used in the synagogues.
19 acceptable year--an allusion to the jubilee year (
Lev 25:10), a year of universal release for person and property. (See also
Isa 49:8;
2Cor 6:2.) As the maladies under which humanity groans are here set forth under the names of poverty, broken-heartedness, bondage, blindness, bruisedness (or crushedness), so, as the glorious HEALER of all these maladies, Christ announces Himself in the act of reading it, stopping the quotation just before it comes to "the day of vengeance," which was only to come on the rejecters of His message (
John 3:17). The first words, "THE SPIRIT of the LORD is upon ME," have been noted since the days of the Church Fathers, as an illustrious example of Father, Son, and Holy Ghost being exhibited as in distinct yet harmonious action in the scheme of salvation.
20 the minister--the chazan, or synagogue-officer.
all eyes . . . fastened on Him--astounded at His putting in such claims.
21 began to say, &c.--His whole address was just a detailed application to Himself of this and perhaps other like prophecies.
22 gracious words--"the words of grace," referring both to the richness of His matter and the sweetness of His manner (
Ps 45:2).
Is not this, &c.--(See on
Matt 13:54-
Matt 13:56). They knew He had received no rabbinical education, and anything supernatural they seemed incapable of conceiving.
23 this proverb--like our "Charity begins at home."
whatsoever, &c.--"Strange rumors have reached our ears of Thy doings at Capernaum; but if such power resides in Thee to cure the ills of humanity, why has none of it yet come nearer home, and why is all this alleged power reserved for strangers?" His choice of Capernaum as a place of residence since entering on public life was, it seems, already well known at Nazareth; and when He did come thither, to give no displays of His power when distant places were ringing with His fame, wounded their pride. He had indeed "laid his hands on a few sick folk and healed them" (
Mark 6:5); but this seems to have been done quite privately the general unbelief precluding anything more open.
24 And he said, &c.--He replies to the one proverb by another, equally familiar, which we express in a rougher form--"Too much familiarity breeds contempt." Our Lord's long residence in Nazareth merely as a townsman had made Him too common, incapacitating them for appreciating Him as others did who were less familiar with His everyday demeanor in private life. A most important principle, to which the wise will pay due regard. (See also
Matt 7:6, on which our Lord Himself ever acted.)
25 But I tell you, &c.--falling back for support on the well-known examples of Elijah and Elisha (Eliseus), whose miraculous power, passing by those who were near, expended itself on those at a distance, yea on heathens, "the two great prophets who stand at the commencement of prophetic antiquity, and whose miracles strikingly prefigured those of our Lord. As He intended like them to feed the poor and cleanse the lepers, He points to these miracles of mercy, and not to the fire from heaven and the bears that tore the mockers" [STIER].
three years and six months--So
Jas 5:17, including perhaps the six months after the last fall of rain, when there would be little or none at any rate; whereas in
1Kgs 18:1, which says the rain returned "in the third year," that period is probably not reckoned.
26 save . . . saving--"but only." (Compare
Mark 13:32, Greek.)
Sarepta--"Zarephath" (
1Kgs 17:9), a heathen village between Tyre and Sidon. (See
Mark 7:24.)
28 when they heard these things--these allusions to the heathen, just as afterwards with Paul (
Acts 22:21-
Acts 22:22).
29 rose up--broke up the service irreverently and rushed forth.
thrust him--with violence, as a prisoner in their hands.
brow, &c.--Nazareth, though not built on the ridge of a hill, is in part surrounded by one to the west, having several such precipices. (See
2Chr 25:12;
2Kgs 9:33.) It was a mode of capital punishment not unusual among the Romans and others. This was the first insult which the Son of God received, and it came from "them of His own household!" (
Matt 10:36).
30 passing through the midst, &c.--evidently in a miraculous way, though perhaps quite noiselessly, leading them to wonder afterwards what spell could have come over them, that they allowed Him to escape. (Similar escapes, however, in times of persecution, are not unexampled.)
31 down to Capernaum--It lay on the Sea of Galilee (
Matt 4:13), whereas Nazareth lay high.
33 DEMONIAC HEALED. (
Luke 4:33-
Luke 4:37)
unclean--The frequency with which this character of impurity is applied to evil spirits is worthy of notice.
cried out, &c.--(See
Matt 8:29;
Mark 3:11).
35 rebuked them, &c.--(See on
Luke 4:41).
thrown him, &c.--See on
Mark 9:20.
36 What a word--a word from the Lord of spirits.
41 PETER'S MOTHER-IN-LAW AND MANY OTHERS, HEALED. (
Luke 4:38-
Luke 4:41)
suffered them not to speak--The marginal reading ("to say that they knew him to be Christ") here is wrong. Our Lord ever refused testimony from devils, for the very reason why they were eager to give it, because He and they would thus seem to be one interest, as His enemies actually alleged. (See on
Matt 12:24, &c.; see also
Acts 16:16-
Acts 16:18.)
42 JESUS SOUGHT OUT AT MORNING PRAYER, AND ENTREATED TO STAY, DECLINES FROM THE URGENCY OF HIS WORK. (
Luke 4:42-
Luke 4:44)
stayed him--"were staying Him," or sought to do it. What a contrast to the Gadarenes! The nature of His mission required Him to keep moving, that all might hear the glad tidings (
Matt 8:34).
43 I must, &c.--but duty only could move Him to deny entreaties so grateful to His spirit.