1Hospodin mě oslovil: 2„Synu člověka, prorokuj proti pastýřům Izraele, prorokuj a řekni, jim: Pastýři, tak praví Pán, Hospodin: Běda pastýřům Izraele, kteří pásli sami sebe! Či neměli pastýři pást své stádo? 3Sytili jste se mlékem, odívali vlnou, vykrmená zvířata jste si zabíjeli, ale stádo jste nepásli. 4Neposílili jste, co bylo slabé, neuzdravili jste nemocné, neobvázali jste, co bylo zraněné, nepřivedli zpět, co bylo rozptýlené, nehledali ztracené, násilím jste ovládali silné. 5Rozprchly se ovce bez pastýře, staly se potravou veškeré divoké zvěři. Mé stádo se rozprchlo 6a bloudí po všech horách, po všech vysokých pahorcích, po celé širé zemí se rozprchlo mé stádo, a nikdo ho nehledá, nikdo se po něm neptá! 7Proto, pastýři, slyšte Hospodinovo slovo! 8Jako že jsem živ – praví Pán, Hospodin – protože se mé stádo stalo kořistí, bez pastýře bylo mé stádo pokrmem veškeré divoké zvěři, poněvadž se moji pastýři o mé stádo nestarali, ale pásli jen sami sebe, nikoli mé stádo, 9proto, pastýři, slyšte Hospodinovo slovo! 10Tak praví Pán, Hospodin: Hle, já přijdu na pastýře, vymáhat budu své stádo z jejich rukou, zbavím je pasení svého stáda, nebudou pastýři pást sami sebe. Vytrhnu jim své stádo z jícnu, aby jim uš nebylo za potravu. 11Tak praví Pán, Hospodin: Hle, já sám vyhledám své stádo a ujmu se ho. 12Jako se pastýř stará o své stádo, když je mezi svými rozptýlenými ovcemi, tak budu pečovat o své ovce a vysvobodím je ze všech míst, kam se rozprchly v mlhavém a mračném čase. 13Vyvedu je z národů, shromáždím je ze zemí a přivedu je do jejich vlasti, budu je pást na izraelských horách, v údolích i na zemských lučinách. 14Povedu je na tučnou pastvu, budou přebývat na nejvyšších izraelských horách, odpočinou si tam v dobrém ovčinci, na izraelských horách budou požívat žitnou pastvu. 15Já budu pást své stádo, já jím dám odpočinek – praví Pán, Hospodin. 16Budu hledat ztracené, zpět přivedu rozptýlené, obvážu zraněné, posílím slabé, budu střežit tučné a silné, pást je budu svědomitě. 17Co se pak týká vás, moje stádo – tak praví Pán, Hospodin – budu soudit mezi ovcí a ovcí, mezi berany a kozly. 18Je to snad pro vás málo, když se pasete na nejlepší pastvě? To, co zbývá po vaší pastvě, dusáte svýma nohama; čistou vodu pijete, ostatní pak kalíte svýma nohama. 19Mé stádo se má pást na tom, co je od vás udusáno, pít to, co je od vás zkaleno? 20Proto tak jim praví Pán, Hospodin: Hle, já sám budu soudit mezí tučnou a hubenou ovcí. 21Poněvadž bokem i plecemi strkáte a svými rohy trkáte všechny ty nejslabší, až je vyženete ven, 22vysvobodím své stádo, nebudou už kořistí, budu soudit mezi ovcí a ovcí. 23Ustanovím nad nimi jednoho pastýře, který je bude pást, svého služebníka Davida, on je bude pást, on jim bude pastýřem. 24Já, Hospodin, budu jim Bohem, můj služebník David bude knížetem mezi nimi. Já, Hospodin, jsem tak řekl. 25Uzavřu s nimi smlouvu pokoje, vyženu divokou zvěř ze země, budou bezpečně bydlet na stepi, v lesích budou spát. 26Usadím je kolem své hory, v příhodný čas jim sešlu déšť, bude to déšť požehnání. 27Polní stromoví vydá svůj plod í země svou úrodu, v bezpečí budou bydlet na své půdě. Poznají, že já jsem Hospodin, až zlomím tyče jejich jařma a vysvobodím je z moci otrokářů. 28Nebudou už kořistí národů, nebude je už hltat divoká zvěř, v bezpečí budou bydlet, nikdo je nebude děsit. 29V hojnosti jim dám bujné rostlinstvo, nebudou už na zemi trápeni hladem, nebudou už pro pohanu lidem. 30Tehdy poznají, že já Hospodin, jejich Bůh, jsem s nimi, a oni, izraelský dům, i sou mým národem – praví Pán, Hospodin. 31Vy, moje ovce, jste stádem, které já pasu, a já jsem vaším Bohem“ – praví Pán, Hospodin.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 2 REPROOF OF THE FALSE SHEPHERDS; PROMISE OF THE TRUE AND GOOD SHEPHERD. (Eze. 34:1-31)
Jer 23:1 and
Zech 11:17 similarly make the removal of the false shepherds the preliminary to the interposition of Messiah the Good Shepherd in behalf of His people Israel. The "shepherds" are not prophets or priests, but rulers who sought in their government their own selfish ends, not the good of the people ruled. The term was appropriate, as David, the first king and the type of the true David (
Ezek 34:23-
Ezek 34:24), was taken from being a shepherd (
2Sam 5:2;
Ps 78:70-
Ps 78:71); and the office, like that of a shepherd for his flock, is to guard and provide for his people. The choice of a shepherd for the first king was therefore designed to suggest this thought, just as Jesus' selection of fishermen for apostles was designed to remind them of their spiritual office of catching men (compare
Isa 44:28;
Jer 2:8;
Jer 3:15;
Jer 10:21;
Jer 23:1-
Jer 23:2).
3 fat--or, by differently pointing the Hebrew, "milk" [Septuagint]. Thus the repetition "fat" and "fed" is avoided: also the eating of "fat" would not probably be put before the "killing" of the sheep. The eating of sheep's or goats' milk as food (
Deut 32:14;
Pro 27:27) was unobjectionable, had not these shepherds milked them too often, and that without duly "feeding" them [BOCHART], (
Isa 56:11). The rulers levied exorbitant tributes.
kill . . . fed--kill the rich by false accusation so as to get possession of their property.
feed not . . . flock--take no care of the people (
John 10:12).
4 The diseased--rather, those weak from the effects of "disease," as "strengthened" (that is, with due nourishment) requires [GROTIUS].
broken--that is, fractures from wounds inflicted by the wolf.
brought again . . . driven away-- (
Exod 23:4). Those "driven away" by the enemy into foreign lands through God's judgments are meant (
Jer 23:3). A spiritual reformation of the state by the rulers would have turned away God's wrath, and "brought again" the exiles. The rulers are censured as chiefly guilty (though the people, too, were guilty), because they, who ought to have been foremost in checking the evil, promoted it.
neither . . . sought . . . lost--Contrast the Good Shepherd's love (
Luke 15:4).
with force . . . ruled-- (
Exod 1:13-
Exod 1:14). With an Egyptian bondage. The very thing forbidden by the law they did (
Lev 25:43; compare
1Pet 5:3).
5 scattered, because . . . no shepherd--that is, none worthy of the name, though there were some called shepherds (
1Kgs 22:17;
Matt 9:36). Compare
Matt 26:31, where the sheep were scattered when the true Shepherd was smitten. God calls them "My sheep"; for they were not, as the shepherds treated them, their patrimony whereby to "feed themselves."
meat to all . . . beasts--They became a prey to the Syrians, Ammon, Moab, and Assyria.
6 every high hill--the scene of their idolatries sanctioned by the rulers.
search . . . seek--rather, "seek . . . search." The former is the part of the superior rulers to inquire after: to search out is the duty of the subordinate rulers [JUNIUS].
10 I will require my flock-- (
Heb 13:17), rather, "I require," &c., for God already had begun to do so, punishing Zedekiah and the other princes severely (
Jer 52:10).
11 I . . . will . . . search--doing that which the so-called shepherds had failed to do, I being the rightful owner of the flock.
12 in the day that he is among--in the midst of (Hebrew) His sheep that had been scattered. Referring to Messiah's second advent, when He shall be "the glory in the midst of Israel" (
Zech 2:5).
in the cloudy . . . day--the day of the nation's calamity (
Joel 2:2).
13 And I will bring them out from the people, &c.-- (
Ezek 28:25;
Ezek 36:24;
Ezek 37:21-
Ezek 37:22;
Isa 65:9-
Isa 65:10;
Jer 23:3).
14 good pasture-- (
Ps 23:2).
high mountains of Israel--In
Ezek 17:23;
Ezek 20:40, the phrase is "the mountain of the height of Israel" in the singular number. The reason for the difference is: there Ezekiel spoke of the central seat of the kingdom, Mount Zion, where the people met for the worship of Jehovah; here he speaks of the kingdom of Israel at large, all the parts of which are regarded as possessing a moral elevation.
16 In contrast to the unfaithful shepherds (
Ezek 34:4). The several duties neglected by them I will faithfully discharge.
fat . . . strong--that is, those rendered wanton by prosperity (
Deut 32:15;
Jer 5:28), who use their strength to oppress the weak. Compare
Ezek 34:20, "the fat cattle" (
Isa 10:16). The image is from fat cattle that wax refractory.
with judgment--that is, justice and equity, as contrasted with the "force" and "cruelty" with which the unfaithful shepherds ruled the flock (
Ezek 34:4).
17 you, . . . my flock--passing from the rulers to the people.
cattle and cattle--rather, "sheep and sheep"; Margin, "small cattle," or "flocks of lambs and kids," that is, I judge between one class of citizens and another, so as to award what is right to each. He then defines the class about to be punitively "judged," namely, "the rams and he-goats," or "great he-goats" (compare
Isa 14:9, Margin;
Zech 10:3;
Matt 25:32-
Matt 25:33). They answer to "the fat and strong," as opposed to the "sick" (
Ezek 34:16). The rich and ungodly of the people are meant, who imitated the bad rulers in oppressing their poorer brethren, as if it enhanced their own joys to trample on others' rights (
Ezek 34:18).
18 Not content with appropriating to their own use the goods of others, they from mere wantonness spoiled what they did not use, so as to be of no use to the owners.
deep waters--that is, "limpid," as deep waters are generally clear. GROTIUS explains the image as referring to the usuries with which the rich ground the poor (
Ezek 22:12;
Isa 24:2).
19 they eat--scantily.
they drink--sorrowfully.
20 fat . . . lean--the rich oppressors . . . the humble poor.
21 scattered them abroad--down to the time of the carrying away to Babylon [GROTIUS].
22 After the restoration from Babylon, the Jews were delivered in some degree from the oppression, not only of foreigners, but also of their own great people (Neh. 5:1-19). The full and final fulfilment of this prophecy is future.
23 set up--that is, raise up by divine appointment; alluding to the declaration of God to David, "I will set up thy seed after thee" (
2Sam 7:12); and, "Yet have I set My king on My holy hill of Zion" (
Ps 2:6; compare
Acts 2:30;
Acts 13:23).
one shepherd--literally, "a Shepherd, one": singularly and pre-eminently one: the only one of His kind, to whom none is comparable (
Song 5:10). The Lord Jesus refers to this prophecy (
John 10:14), "I am THE Good Shepherd." Also "one" as uniting in one the heretofore divided kingdoms of Israel and Judah, and also "gathering together in one all things in Christ, both which are in heaven and on earth" (
Eph 1:10); thus healing worse breaches than that between Israel and Judah (
Col 1:20). "God by Him reconciling all things unto Himself, whether things in earth or in heaven."
David--the antitypical David, Messiah, of the seed of David, which no other king after the captivity was: who was fully, what David was only in a degree, "the man after God's own heart." Also, David means beloved: Messiah was truly God's beloved Son (
Isa 42:1;
Matt 3:17). Shepherd means King, rather than religious instructor; in this pre-eminently He was the true David, who was the Shepherd King (
Luke 1:32-
Luke 1:33). Messiah is called "David" in
Isa 55:3-
Isa 55:4;
Jer 30:9;
Hos 3:5.
24 my servant--implying fitness for ruling in the name of God, not pursuing a self-chosen course, as other kings, but acting as the faithful administrator of the will of God; Messiah realized fully this character (
Ps 40:7-
Ps 40:8;
Isa 42:1;
Isa 49:3,
Isa 49:6;
Isa 53:11;
Phil 2:7), which David typically and partially represented (
Acts 13:36); so He is the fittest person to wield the world scepter, abused by all the world kings (
Dan 2:34-
Dan 2:35,
Dan 2:44-
Dan 2:45).
25 covenant of peace . . . evil beasts . . . to cease . . . dwell safely--The original promise of the law (
Lev 26:6) shall be realized for the first time fully under Messiah (
Isa 11:6-
Isa 11:9;
Isa 35:9;
Hos 2:18).
26 them and the places round about my hill--The Jews, and Zion, God's hill (
Ps 2:6), are to be sources of blessing, not merely to themselves, but to the surrounding heathen (
Isa 19:24;
Isa 56:6-
Isa 56:7;
Isa 60:3;
Mic 5:7;
Zech 8:13). The literal fulfilment is, however, the primary one, though the spiritual also is designed. In correspondence with the settled reign of righteousness internally, all is to be prosperity externally, fertilizing showers (according to the promise of the ancient covenant,
Lev 26:4;
Ps 68:9;
Mal 3:10), and productive trees and lands (
Ezek 34:27). Thus shall they realize the image of
Ezek 34:14; namely, a flock richly pastured by God Himself.
27 served themselves of them--availed themselves of their services, as if the Jews were their slaves (
Jer 22:13;
Jer 25:14; compare
Gen 15:13;
Exod 1:14).
28 dwell safely-- (
Jer 23:6).
29 plant of renown--Messiah, the "Rod" and "Branch" (
Isa 11:1), the "righteous Branch" (
Jer 23:5), who shall obtain for them "renown." FAIRBAIRN less probably translates, "A plantation for a name," that is, a flourishing condition, represented as a garden (alluding to Eden,
Gen 2:8-
Gen 2:11, with its various trees, good for food and pleasant to the sight), the planting of the Lord (
Isa 60:21;
Isa 61:3), and an object of "renown" among the heathen.
31 ye my flock . . . are men--not merely an explanation of the image, as JEROME represents. But as God had promised many things which mere "men" could not expect to realize, He shows that it is not from man's might their realization is to be looked for, but from GOD, who would perform them for His covenant-people, "His flock" [ROSENMULLER]. When we realize most our weakness and God's power and faithfulness to His covenant, we are in the fittest state for receiving His blessings.
Another feature of Israel's prosperity; those who exulted over Israel's humiliation, shall themselves be a "prey." Already stated in
Ezek 25:12-
Ezek 25:14; properly repeated here in full detail, as a commentary on
Ezek 34:28. The Israelites "shall be no more a prey"; but Edom, the type of their most bitter foes, shall be destroyed irrecoverably.