1Po skončení rozhovoru se Saulem přilnula Jonatanova duše k Davidově duši a Jonatan si ho zamiloval jako sebe samého. 2Saul ho ještě téhož dne pozdržel a nedovolil mu, aby se vrátil k otci. 3Jonatan s Davidem uzavřel úmluvu, neboť ho měl rád jako sebe samého. 4Jonatan svlékl plášť, který měl na sobě, a dal ho Davidovi, stejně tak i své odění a dokonce i meč, luk a opasek. 5Na svých vyjížďkách, kamkoli ho Saul poslal, sklízel David úspěchy a Saul ho postavil do čela válečníků; byl oblíben mezi vším lidem a dokonce i mezi Saulovými hodnostáři. 6Při návratu, když se David vrátil po zabití Filišťana, vyšly ženy ze všech izraelských měst naproti králi Saulovi a zpívaly a tančily za zvuků bubínků, radostných výkřiků a chřestítek. 7Tančící ženy zpívaly toto: „Saul pobil své tisíce a David své desetitisíce.“ 8Saul byl velice pohněván a ta věc se mu nelíbila. Řekl: „Davidovi přisoudili desetitisíce a mně tisíce, už mu chybí jenom královská hodnost!“ 9A od toho dne pohlížel Saul na Davida žárlivým okem. 10Den potom přepadl Saula zlý duch od Boha a on začal ve svém domě běsnit. David hrál jako jindy na citeru a Saul měl v ruce kopí. 11Saul máchl kopím a řekl: „Přibodnu Davida ke zdi,“ ale David mu dvakrát uhnul. 12Saul měl z Davida strach, Jahve byl totiž s ním a od Saula se odvrátil. 13Tehdy ho Saul od sebe vzdálil a ustanovil ho náčelníkem tisíce: on vycházel a vracel se v čele lidu. 14Na všech svých výpravách měl David úspěchy a Jahve byl s ním. 15Když Saul viděl jeho velké úspěchy, bál se ho, 16ale všichni v Izraeli i v Judovi měli Davida rádi, neboť v jejich čele vycházel a vracel se. 17Saul řekl Davidovi: „Zde je má nejstarší dcera Merab, dám ti ji za ženu, jenom mi statečně služ a vybojuj Jahvovy války.“ Saul si řekl: „Ať nepadne mou rukou, nýbrž rukou Filišťanů!“ 18David Saulovi odpověděl: „Kdo jsem já a jaký je můj původ, rodina mého otce v Izraeli, abych se stal královým zetěm?“ 19Ale když přišla chvíle, kdy měla být Saulova dcera Merab dána Davidovi, dali ji Adrielovi z Mecholy. 20Saulova dcera Mikal se zamilovala do Davida a ohlásili to Saulovi, jemuž to bylo vhod. 21Řekl si: „Dám mu ji, ale ona pro něho bude pastí a spočine na něm ruka Filišťanů.“ (Saul řekl dvakrát Davidovi: „Dnes budeš mým zetěm.“) 22Saul tedy dal svým služebníkům tento příkaz: „Promluvte vskrytu s Davidem a řekněte: ‘Líbíš se králi a všichni jeho služebníci tě mají rádi, staň se tedy královým zetěm.’“ 23Saulovi služebníci opakovali tato slova Davidovi do uší, ale David namítl: „Což je to ve vašich očích maličkost, stát se královým zetěm? Já jsem jen chudý a bezvýznamný člověk.“ 24Služebníci o tom podali Saulovi zprávu: „Toto jsou slova, jež řekl David.“ 25Saul odpověděl: „Řeknete Davidovi toto: ‘Král nechce věno, ale sto předkožek Filišťanů, aby se vykonala pomsta na králových nepřátelích.’“ Saul počítal s tím, že David tak padne do rukou Filišťanům. 26Saulovi služebníci donesli tato slova Davidovi a on shledal, že je to dobrá cesta, jak se stát královým zetěm. Lhůta ještě neuplynula 27a David se vypravil do pole a odešel se svými muži. Zabil Filišťanům dvě stě mužů, přinesl jejich předkožky a odpočítal je králi, aby se stal jeho zetěm. Saul mu tedy dal za ženu svou dceru Mikal. 28Saul musel uznat, že Jahve je s Davidem a že celý Izraelův dům ho miluje. 29Tu měl Saul z Davida ještě větší strach a pojal proti němu nepřátelství na všechny dny. 30Filišťanská knížata podnikala tažení, ale pokaždé když podnikla tažení, sklízel David větší úspěchy než všichni Saulovi důstojníci a získal si převelikou proslulost.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 JONATHAN LOVES DAVID. (
1Sam 18:1-4)
the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David--They were nearly of an age. The prince had taken little interest in David as a minstrel; but his heroism and modest, manly bearing, his piety and high endowments, kindled the flame not of admiration only, but of affection, in the congenial mind of Jonathan.
2 Saul would let him go no more home--He was established as a permanent resident at court.
3 Then Jonathan and David made a covenant--Such covenants of brotherhood are frequent in the East. They are ratified by certain ceremonies, and in presence of witnesses, that the persons covenanting will be sworn brothers for life.
4 Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was upon him, and gave it to David--To receive any part of the dress which had been worn by a sovereign, or his eldest son and heir, is deemed, in the East, the highest honor which can be conferred on a subject (see on
Esth 6:8). The girdle, being connected with the sword and the bow, may be considered as being part of the military dress, and great value is attached to it in the East.
6 SAUL ENVIES HIS PRAISE. (
1Sam 18:5-9)
the women came out of all cities of Israel--in the homeward march from the pursuit of the Philistines. This is a characteristic trait of Oriental manners. On the return of friends long absent, and particularly on the return of a victorious army, bands of women and children issue from the towns and villages, to form a triumphal procession, to celebrate the victory, and, as they go along, to gratify the soldiers with dancing, instrumental music, and extempore songs, in honor of the generals who have earned the highest distinction by feats of gallantry. The Hebrew women, therefore, were merely paying the customary gratulations to David as the deliverer of their country, but they committed a great indiscretion by praising a subject at the expense of their sovereign.
9 Saul eyed David--that is, invidiously, with secret and malignant hatred.
10 SEEKS TO KILL HIM. (
1Sam 18:10-12)
on the morrow, that the evil spirit from God came upon Saul--This rankling thought brought on a sudden paroxysm of his mental malady.
he prophesied--The term denotes one under the influence either of a good or a bad spirit. In the present it is used to express that Saul was in a frenzy. David, perceiving the symptoms, hastened, by the soothing strains of his harp, to allay the stormy agitation of the royal mind. But before its mollifying influence could be felt, Saul hurled a javelin at the head of the young musician.
there was a javelin in Saul's hand--Had it been followed by a fatal result, the deed would have been considered the act of an irresponsible maniac. It was repeated more than once ineffectually, and Saul became impressed with a dread of David as under the special protection of Providence.
13 FEARS HIM FOR HIS GOOD SUCCESS. (
1Sam 18:13-16)
Therefore Saul removed him from him--sent him away from the court, where the principal persons, including his own son, were spellbound with admiration of the young and pious warrior.
made him captain over a thousand--gave him a military commission, which was intended to be an honorable exile. But this post of duty served only to draw out before the public the extraordinary and varied qualities of his character, and to give him a stronger hold of the people's affections.
17 HE OFFERS HIM HIS DAUGHTER FOR A SNARE. (
1Sam 18:17-21)
Saul said to David, Behold my elder daughter Merab, her will I give thee to wife--Though bound to this already [
1Sam 17:25], he had found it convenient to forget his former promise. He now holds it out as a new offer, which would tempt David to give additional proofs of his valor. But the fickle and perfidious monarch broke his pledge at the time when the marriage was on the eve of being celebrated, and bestowed Merab on another man (see on
2Sam 21:8); an indignity as well as a wrong, which was calculated deeply to wound the feelings and provoke the resentment of David. Perhaps it was intended to do so, that advantage might be taken of his indiscretion. But David was preserved from this snare.
20 Michal Saul's daughter loved David--This must have happened some time after.
they told Saul, and the thing pleased him--Not from any favor to David, but he saw that it would be turned to the advancement of his malicious purposes, and the more so when, by the artful intrigues and flattery of his spies, the loyal sentiments of David were discovered.
25 The king desireth not any dowry--In Eastern countries the husband purchases his wife either by gifts or services. As neither David nor his family were in circumstances to give a suitable dowry for a princess, the king intimated that he would be graciously pleased to accept some gallant deed in the public service.
a hundred foreskins of the Philistines--Such mutilations on the bodies of their slain enemies were commonly practised in ancient war, and the number told indicated the glory of the victory. Saul's willingness to accept a public service had an air of liberality, while his choice of so difficult and hazardous a service seemed only putting a proper value on gaining the hand of a king's daughter. But he covered unprincipled malice against David under this proposal, which exhibited a zeal for God and the covenant of circumcision.
26 the days were not expired--The period within which this exploit was to be achieved was not exhausted.
27 David . . . slew of the Philistines two hundred men--The number was doubled, partly to show his respect and attachment to the princess, and partly to oblige Saul to the fulfilment of his pledge.
29 Saul was yet the more afraid of David--because Providence had visibly favored him, by not only defeating the conspiracy against his life, but through his royal alliance paving his way to the throne.