1I stalo se, když dokonal Ježíš řeči tyto všecky, řekl učedlníkům svým: 2Víte, že po dvou dnech velikanoc bude, a Syn člověka zrazen bude, aby byl ukřižován. 3Tehdy sešli se přední kněží {biskupové} a zákonníci, i starší lidu na síň nejvyššího kněze {biskupovu}, kterýž sloul Kaifáš. 4A radili se spolu, jak by Ježíše lstivě jali a zamordovali. 5Ale pravili: Ne v den sváteční, aby nebyl rozbroj v lidu. 6Když pak byl Ježíš v Betany, v domu Šimona malomocného, 7Přistoupila k němu žena, mající nádobu alabastrovou masti velmi drahé, i vylila ji na hlavu jeho, když seděl za stolem. 8A vidouce to učedlníci jeho, rozhněvali se, řkouce: I k čemu jest ztráta tato? 9Nebo mohla tato mast prodána býti za mnoho, a dáno býti chudým. 10A znaje to Ježíš, dí jim: Proč za zlé máte této ženě? Dobrý zajisté skutek učinila nade mnou. 11Nebo chudé vždycky máte s sebou, ale mne ne vždycky míti budete. 12Vylivši zajisté tato mast tuto na mé tělo, ku pohřebu mému to učinila. 13Amen pravím vám: Kdežkoli kázáno bude evangelium toto po všem světě, takéť i to bude praveno, co učinila tato, na památku její. 14Tedy odšed k předním kněžím {biskupům} jeden ze dvanácti, kterýž sloul Jidáš Iškariotský, 15Řekl: Co mi chcete dáti, a já vám ho zradím? A oni odvážili jemu třidceti stříbrných. 16A od té chvíle hledal příhodného času, aby ho zradil. 17Prvního pak dne přesnic, přistoupili k Ježíšovi učedlníci, řkouce jemu: Kde chceš, ať připravíme tobě, abys jedl beránka? 18On pak řekl: Jděte do města k jednomu, a rcete jemu: Vzkázalť Mistr: Čas můj blízko jest, u tebeť jísti budu beránka s učedlníky svými. 19I učinili učedlníci tak, jakž jim poručil Ježíš, a připravili beránka. 20A když byl večer, posadil se za stůl se dvanácti. 21A když jedli, řekl: Amen pravím vám, že jeden z vás mne zradí. 22I zarmoutivše se velmi, počali každý z nich říci jemu: Zdali já jsem, Pane? 23On pak odpovídaje, řekl: Kdo omáčívá se mnou rukou v mise, ten mne zradí. 24Syn zajisté člověka jde, jakož psáno o něm, ale běda člověku tomu, skrze něhož Syn člověka zrazen bude. Dobré by bylo jemu, by se byl nenarodil člověk ten. 25Odpovídaje pak Jidáš, kterýž ho zrazoval, dí: Zdali já jsem, Mistře? Řekl jemu: Ty jsi řekl. 26A když oni jedli, vzav Ježíš chléb, a dobrořečiv, lámal, a dal učedlníkům, a řekl: Vezměte, jezte, to jest tělo mé. 27A vzav kalich, a díky činiv, dal jim, řka: Píte z toho všickni. 28Nebo to jest krev má nové smlouvy, kteráž za mnohé vylévá se na odpuštění hříchů. 29Ale pravímť vám, žeť nebudu píti od této chvíle z tohoto plodu vinného kořene, až do onoho dne, když jej píti budu s vámi nový v království Otce svého. 30A sezpívavše písničku, vyšli na horu Olivetskou. 31Tedy dí jim Ježíš: Všickni vy zhoršíte se nade mnou této noci. Nebo psáno jest: Bíti budu pastýře, a rozprchnouť se ovce stáda. 32Ale když z mrtvých vstanu, předejdu vás do Galilee. 33Odpovídaje pak Petr, řekl jemu: Byť se pak všickni zhoršili nad tebou, jáť se nikdy nezhorším. 34Řekl mu Ježíš: Amen pravím tobě, že této noci, prvé než kohout zazpívá, třikrát mne zapříš. 35Dí jemu Petr: Bychť pak měl s tebou i umříti, nikoli nezapřím tebe. Takž podobně i všickni učedlníci pravili. 36Tedy přišel s nimi Ježíš na místo, kteréž sloulo Getsemany. I dí učedlníkům: Poseďtež tuto, ažť odejda, pomodlím se tamto. 37A pojav s sebou Petra a dva syny Zebedeovy, počal se rmoutiti a teskliv býti. 38Tedy dí jim: Smutnáť jest duše má až k smrti. Pozůstaňtež tuto, a bděte se mnou. 39A poodšed maličko, padl na tvář svou, modle se a řka: Otče můj, jest-li možné, nechť odejde ode mne kalich tento. A však ne jakž já chci, ale jakž ty. 40I přišel k učedlníkům a nalezl je, a oni spí. I řekl Petrovi: Tak-liž jste nemohli jediné hodiny bdíti se mnou? 41Bdětež a modlte se, abyste nevešli v pokušení. Duchť zajisté hotov jest, ale tělo nemocno. 42Opět podruhé odšed, modlil se, řka: Otče můj, nemůže-liť tento kalich minouti mne, než abych jej pil, staniž se vůle tvá. 43I přišed, nalezl je, a oni zase spí; nebo byly oči jejich obtíženy. 44A nechav jich, opět odšel, a modlil se potřetí, touž řeč říkaje. 45Tedy přišel k učedlníkům svým, a řekl jim: Spětež již a odpočívejte. Aj, přiblížila se hodina, a Syna člověka zrazují v ruce hříšných. 46Vstaňtež, poďme. Aj, přiblížil se ten, kterýž mne zrazuje. 47A když on ještě mluvil, aj, Jidáš, jeden ze dvanácti, přišel, a s ním zástup mnohý s meči a s kyjmi, od předních kněží {biskupů} a starších lidu. 48Ten pak, kterýž jej zrazoval, dal jim znamení, řka: Kteréhokoli políbím, ten jest; držtež jej. 49A hned přistoupiv k Ježíšovi, řekl: Zdráv buď, Mistře, a políbil jej. 50Ale Ježíš řekl jemu: Příteli, nač jsi přišel? Tedy přistoupili, a ruce vztáhli na Ježíše, a jali ho. 51A aj, jeden z těch, kteříž byli s Ježíšem, vztáh ruku, vytrhl meč svůj; a udeřiv služebníka nejvyššího kněze {biskupova}, uťal ucho jeho. 52Tedy dí jemu Ježíš: Obrať meč svůj v místo jeho; nebo všickni, kteříž meč berou, od meče zahynou. 53Zdaliž mníš, že bych nyní nemohl prositi Otce svého, a vydal by mi více nežli dvanácte houfů andělů. 54Kterakž by se pak naplnila písma, svědčící, že tak musí býti? 55V tu hodinu řekl Ježíš zástupům: Jako na lotra vyšli jste s meči a s kyjmi jímati mne. Na každý den sedával jsem u vás, uče v chrámě, a nejali jste mne. 56Ale toto se všecko stalo, aby se naplnila písma prorocká. Tedy učedlníci všickni opustivše ho, utekli. 57A oni javše Ježíše, vedli ho k Kaifášovi nejvyššímu knězi {biskupovi}, kdež zákonníci a starší byli se sešli. 58Ale Petr šel za ním zdaleka, až do síně nejvyššího kněze {biskupovy}. A všed vnitř, seděl s služebníky, aby viděl konec. 59Přední pak kněží {biskupové} a starší i všecka ta rada hledali falešného svědectví proti Ježíšovi, aby jej na smrt vydali, 60Ale nenalezli. Ani, když mnozí falešní svědkové předstupovali, nic nenalezli. Naposledy pak přišedše dva falešní svědkové, 61Řekli: Tento pověděl: Mohu zbořiti chrám Boží, a ve třech dnech jej ustavěti. 62A povstav nejvyšší kněz {biskup}, řekl jemu: Nic neodpovídáš, co tito proti tobě svědčí? 63Ale Ježíš mlčel. I odpovídaje nejvyšší kněz {biskup}, řekl jemu: Zaklínám tě skrze Boha živého, abys nám pověděl, jsi-li ty Kristus Syn Boží? 64Dí mu Ježíš: Ty jsi řekl. Ale však pravím vám: Od toho času uzříte Syna člověka sedícího na pravici moci Boží, a přicházejícího na oblacích nebeských. 65Tedy nejvyšší kněz {biskup} roztrhl roucho své, řka: Rouhal se. Což ještě potřebujeme svědků? Aj, nyní jste slyšeli rouhání jeho. 66Co se vám zdá? A oni odpovídajíce, řekli: Hodenť jest smrti. 67Tedy plili na tvář jeho, a pohlavkovali jej; jiní pak hůlkami jej bili, 68Říkajíce: Hádej nám, Kriste, kdo jest ten, kterýž tebe udeřil? 69Ale Petr seděl vně v síni. I přistoupila k němu jedna děvečka, řkuci: I ty jsi byl s Ježíšem tím Galilejským. 70On pak zapřel přede všemi, řka: Nevím, co pravíš. 71A když vycházel ze dveří, uzřela jej jiná. I řekla těm, kteříž tu byli: I tento byl s Ježíšem tím Nazaretským. 72I zapřel opět s přísahou: Neznám toho člověka. 73A po malé chvíli přistoupivše ti, kteříž tu stáli, řekli Petrovi: Jistě i ty z nich jsi, nebo i řeč tvá známa tebe činí. 74Tedy počal se proklínati a přisahati, řka: Neznám toho člověka. A hned kohout zazpíval. 75I rozpomenul se Petr na slovo Ježíšovo, kterýž jemu byl řekl: Prvé než kohout zazpívá, třikrát mne zapříš. A vyšed ven, plakal hořce.
Matthew Henry - Concise Commentary 1 Our Lord had often told of his sufferings as at a distance, now he speaks of them as at hand. At the same time the Jewish council consulted how they might put him to death secretly. But it pleased God to defeat their intention. Jesus, the true paschal Lamb, was to be sacrificed for us at that very time, and his death and resurrection rendered public.
6 The pouring ointment upon the head of Christ was a token of the highest respect. Where there is true love in the heart to Jesus Christ, nothing will be thought too good to bestow upon him. The more Christ's servants and their services are cavilled at, the more he manifests his acceptance. This act of faith and love was so remarkable, that it would be reported, as a memorial of Mary's faith and love, to all future ages, and in all places where the gospel should be preached. This prophecy is fulfilled.
14 There were but twelve called apostles, and one of them was like a devil; surely we must never expect any society to be quite pure on this side heaven. The greater profession men make of religion, the greater opportunity they have of doing mischief, if their hearts be not right with God. Observe, that Christ's own disciple, who knew so well his doctrine and manner of his life, and was false to him, could not charge him with any thing criminal, though it would have served to justify his treachery. What did Judas want? Was not he welcome wherever his Master was? Did he not fare as Christ fared? It is not the lack, but the love of money, that is the root of all evil. After he had made that wicked bargain, Judas had time to repent, and to revoke it; but when lesser acts of dishonesty have hardened the conscience men do without hesitation that which is more shameful.
17 Observe, the place for their eating the passover was pointed out by Christ to the disciples. He knows those hidden ones who favour his cause, and will graciously visit all who are willing to receive him. The disciples did as Jesus had appointed. Those who would have Christ's presence in the gospel passover, must do what he says. It well becomes the disciples of Christ always to be jealous over themselves, especially in trying times. We know not how strongly we may be tempted, nor how far God may leave us to ourselves, therefore we have reason not to be high-minded, but to fear. Heart-searching examination and fervent prayer are especially proper before the Lord's supper, that, as Christ our Passover is now sacrificed for us, we may keep this feast, renewing our repentance, our faith in his blood, and surrendering ourselves to his service.
26 This ordinance of the Lord's supper is to us the passover supper, by which we commemorate a much greater deliverance than that of Israel out of Egypt. Take, eat; accept of Christ as he is offered to you; receive the atonement, approve of it, submit to his grace and his government. Meat looked upon, be the dish ever so well garnished, will not nourish; it must be fed upon: so must the doctrine of Christ. This is my body; that is, spiritually, it signifies and represents his body. We partake of the sun, not by having the sun put into our hands, but the beams of it darted down upon us; so we partake of Christ by partaking of his grace, and the blessed fruits of the breaking of his body. The blood of Christ is signified and represented by the wine. He gave thanks, to teach us to look to God in every part of the ordinance. This cup he gave to the disciples with a command, Drink ye all of it. The pardon of sin is that great blessing which is, in the Lord's supper, conferred on all true believers; it is the foundation of all other blessings. He takes leave of such communion; and assures them of a happy meeting again at last; Until that day when I drink it new with you , may be understood of the joys and glories of the future state, which the saints shall partake with the Lord Jesus. That will be the kingdom of his Father; the wine of consolation will there be always new. While we look at the outward signs of Christ's body broken and his blood shed for the remission of our sins, let us recollect that the feast cost him as much as though he had literally given his flesh to be eaten and his blood for us to drink.
31 Improper self-confidence, like that of Peter, is the first step to a fall. There is a proneness in all of us to be over-confident. But those fall soonest and foulest, who are the most confident in themselves. Those are least safe, who think themselves most secure. Satan is active to lead such astray; they are most off their guard: God leaves them to themselves, to humble them.
36 He who made atonement for the sins of mankind, submitted himself in a garden of suffering, to the will of God, from which man had revolted in a garden of pleasure. Christ took with him into that part of the garden where he suffered his agony, only those who had witnessed his glory in his transfiguration. Those are best prepared to suffer with Christ, who have by faith beheld his glory. The words used denote the most entire dejection, amazement, anguish, and horror of mind; the state of one surrounded with sorrows, overwhelmed with miseries, and almost swallowed up with terror and dismay. He now began to be sorrowful, and never ceased to be so till he said, It is finished. He prayed that, if possible, the cup might pass from him. But he also showed his perfect readiness to bear the load of his sufferings; he was willing to submit to all for our redemption and salvation. According to this example of Christ, we must drink of the bitterest cup which God puts into our hands; though nature struggle, it must submit. It should be more our care to get troubles sanctified, and our hearts satisfied under them, than to get them taken away. It is well for us that our salvation is in the hand of One who neither slumbers nor sleeps. All are tempted, but we should be much afraid of entering into temptation. To be secured from this, we should watch and pray, and continually look unto the Lord to hold us up that we may be safe. Doubtless our Lord had a clear and full view of the sufferings he was to endure, yet he spoke with the greatest calmness till this time. Christ was a Surety, who undertook to be answerable for our sins. Accordingly he was made sin for us, and suffered for our sins, the Just for the unjust; and Scripture ascribes his heaviest sufferings to the hand of God. He had full knowledge of the infinite evil of sin, and of the immense extent of that guilt for which he was to atone; with awful views of the Divine justice and holiness, and the punishment deserved by the sins of men, such as no tongue can express, or mind conceive. At the same time, Christ suffered being tempted; probably horrible thoughts were suggested by Satan that tended to gloom and every dreadful conclusion: these would be the more hard to bear from his perfect holiness. And did the load of imputed guilt so weigh down the soul of Him of whom it is said, He upholdeth all things by the word of his power? into what misery then must those sink whose sins are left upon their own heads! How will those escape who neglect so great salvation?
47 No enemies are so much to be abhorred as those professed disciples that betray Christ with a kiss. God has no need of our services, much less of our sins, to bring about his purposes. Though Christ was crucified through weakness, it was voluntary weakness; he submitted to death. If he had not been willing to suffer, they could not conquer him. It was a great sin for those who had left all to follow Jesus; now to leave him for they knew not what. What folly, for fear of death to flee from Him, whom they knew and acknowledged to be the Fountain of life!
57 Jesus was hurried into Jerusalem. It looks ill, and bodes worse, when those who are willing to be Christ's disciples, are not willing to be known to be so. Here began Peter's denying him: for to follow Christ afar off, is to begin to go back from him. It is more our concern to prepare for the end, whatever it may be, than curiously to ask what the end will be. The event is God's, but the duty is ours. Now the Scriptures were fulfilled, which said, False witnesses are risen up against me. Christ was accused, that we might not be condemned; and if at any time we suffer thus, let us remember we cannot expect to fare better than our Master. When Christ was made sin for us, he was silent, and left it to his blood to speak. Hitherto Jesus had seldom professed expressly to be the Christ, the Son of God; the tenor of his doctrine spoke it, and his miracles proved it; but now he would not omit to make an open confession of it. It would have looked like declining his sufferings. He thus confessed, as an example and encouragement to his followers, to confess him before men, whatever hazard they ran. Disdain, cruel mocking, and abhorrence, are the sure portion of the disciple as they were of the Master, from such as would buffet and deride the Lord of glory. These things were exactly foretold in the fiftieth chapter of Isaiah. Let us confess Christ's name, and bear the reproach, and he will confess us before his Father's throne.
69 Peter's sin is truly related, for the Scriptures deal faithfully. Bad company leads to sin: those who needlessly thrust themselves into it, may expect to be tempted and insnared, as Peter. They scarcely can come out of such company without guilt or grief, or both. It is a great fault to be shy of Christ; and to dissemble our knowledge of him, when we are called to own him, is, in effect, to deny him. Peter's sin was aggravated; but he fell into the sin by surprise, not as Judas, with design. But conscience should be to us as the crowing of the cock, to put us in mind of the sins we had forgotten. Peter was thus left to fall, to abate his self-confidence, and render him more modest, humble, compassionate, and useful to others. The event has taught believers many things ever since, and if infidels, Pharisees, and hypocrites stumble at it or abuse it, it is at their peril. Little do we know how we should act in very difficult situations, if we were left to ourselves. Let him, therefore, that thinketh he standeth, take heed lest he fall; let us all distrust our own hearts, and rely wholly on the Lord. Peter wept bitterly. Sorrow for sin must not be slight, but great and deep. Peter, who wept so bitterly for denying Christ, never denied him again, but confessed him often in the face of danger. True repentance for any sin will be shown by the contrary grace and duty; that is a sign of our sorrowing not only bitterly, but sincerely.