1Und der Ewige redete zu Mosche und sprach: 2«Am Tag des ersten Monats, am Ersten des Monats, sollst du die Wohnung des Erscheinungszeltes aufrichten. 3Und du sollst dort hineinstellen die Lade der Bezeugung, und du sollst verstellen vor der Lade mit dem Verhang. 4Und du sollst den Tisch hineinbringen und sein Gedeck ordnen, und sollst den Leuchter hineinbringen und seine Lampen aufstecken. 5Und du sollst den goldenen Altar zum Räucherwerk vor die Lade der Bezeugung stellen und den Vorhang des Eingangs zur Wohnung anbringen. 6Dann sollst du den Hochopferaltar vor den Eingang der Wohnung des Erscheinungszeltes stellen. 7Und du sollst das Becken zwischen das Erscheinungszelt und den Altar stellen und Wasser hineintun. 8Und du sollst den Hof ringsum aufrichten und den Vorhang des Tores zum Hof anbringen. 9Dann sollst du das Salböl nehmen und die Wohnung und alles, was darin ist, salben, und du sollst sie und alle ihre Geräte weihen, daß sie heilig sei. 10Und du sollst den Hochopferaltar und alle seine Geräte salben, und du sollst den Altar weihen, daß der Altar hochheilig sei. 11Und du sollst das Becken und sein Gestell salben und es weihen. 12Dann sollst du Aharon und seine Söhne an den Eingang des Erscheinungszeltes herantreten lassen und sie mit Wasser waschen. 13Und du sollst Aharon mit den heiligen Gewändern bekleiden, und du sollst ihn salben und ihn weihen, daß er mir als Priester diene. 14Und seine Söhne sollst du herantreten lassen und sie mit Röcken bekleiden. 15Und du sollst sie salben, wie du ihren Altar gesalbt hast, daß sie mir als Priester dienen, und es sei dies, damit ihnen ihre Salbung zum ewigen Priestertum sei für ihre Geschlechter.» 16Und Mosche tat es; ganz so, wie der Ewige ihm befohlen, so tat er. 17So war es im ersten Monat des zweiten Jahres, am Ersten des Monats, da wurde die Wohnung aufgerichtet. 18Da richtete Mosche die Wohnung auf; er setzte ihre Sockel hin, stellte ihre Bretter auf und legte die Querhölzer an, und richtete ihre Säulen auf. 19Und er breitete das Zelt über die Wohnung und legte die Decke des Zeltes oberhalb darüber, wie der Ewige Mosche befohlen. 20Und er nahm die Bezeugung und legte sie in die Lade, und er tat die Stangen an die Lade und stellte die Kapporet oben auf die Lade. 21Und er brachte die Lade in die Wohnung und brachte den Verhang des Vorhangs an und verstellte die Lade der Bezeugung, wie der Ewige Mosche befohlen. 22Und er stellte den Tisch in das Erscheinungszelt an die Nordseite der Wohnung außerhalb des Verhangs. 23Und er schichtete darauf die Schicht der Brote vor dem Ewigen, wie der Ewige Mosche befohlen. 24Und er stellte den Leuchter in das Erscheinungszelt, dem Tisch gegenüber, an die Südseite der Wohnung. 25Und er steckte die Lampen auf vor dem Ewigen, wie der Ewige Mosche befohlen. 26Und er stellte den goldenen Altar in das Erscheinungszelt vor den Verhang, 27und er ließ auf ihm Räucherwerk der Spezereien im Rauch aufgehn, wie der Ewige Mosche befohlen. 28Und er brachte den Vorhang des Eingangs zur Wohnung an. 29Und den Hochopferaltar stellte er an den Eingang der Wohnung des Erscheinungszeltes und brachte auf ihm das Hochopfer und das Mehlopfer dar, wie der Ewige Mosche befohlen. 30Und er stellte das Becken zwischen das Erscheinungszelt und den Altar und tat Wasser hinein zum Waschen, 31daß sich Mosche und Aharon und seine Söhne ihre Hände und ihre Füße waschen. 32Wenn sie in das Erscheinungszelt gingen, und wenn sie zum Altar hintraten, wuschen sie sich, wie der Ewige Mosche befohlen. 33Und er richtete den Hof auf, rings um die Wohnung, und den Altar und brachte den Vorhang des Tores zum Hof an; so vollendete Mosche das Werk. 34Da bedeckte die Wolke das Erscheinungszelt, und die Herrlichkeit des Ewigen erfüllte die Wohnung. 35Und Mosche konnte nicht in das Erscheinungszelt hineingehn; denn die Wolke ruhte darauf, und die Herrlichkeit des Ewigen erfüllte die Wohnung. 36Wenn aber die Wolke sich von der Wohnung erhob, brachen die Kinder Jisraël auf bei allen ihren Zügen. 37Und wenn die Wolke sich nicht erhob, brachen sie nicht auf, bis zum Tag, da sie sich erhob. 38Denn die Wolke des Ewigen war über der Wohnung bei Tag, und ein Feuer war darin des Nachts, vor den Augen des ganzen Hauses Jisraël, auf allen ihren Zügen.
Matthew Henry - Complete Commentary 1 The materials and furniture of the tabernacle had been viewed severally and approved, and now they must be put together. 1. God here directs Moses to set up the tabernacle and the utensils of it in their places. Though the work of the tabernacle was finished, and every thing ready for rearing, and the people, no doubt, were very desirous to see it up, yet Moses will not erect it till he has express orders for doing so. It is good to see God going before us in every step,
Pss 37:23. The time for doing this is fixed to
the first day of the first month (
Exod 40:2), which wanted but fourteen days of a year since they came out of Egypt; and a good year's work there was done in it. Probably the work was made ready but just at the end of the year, so that the appointing of this day gave no delay, or next to none, to this good work. We must not put off any necessary duty under pretence of waiting for some remarkable day; the present season is the most convenient. But the tabernacle happening to be set up
on the first day of the first month intimates that it is good to begin the year with some good work. Let him that is the first have the first; and let the things of his kingdom be first sought. In Hezekiah's time we find they began to sanctify the temple
on the first day of the first month, 2Chr 29:17. The new moon (which by their computation was the first day of every month) was observed by them with some solemnity; and therefore this first new moon of the year was thus made remarkable. Note, When a new year begins, we should think of serving God more and better than we did the year before. Moses is particularly ordered to set up the tabernacle itself first, in which God would dwell and would be served (
Exod 40:2), then to put the ark in its place, and draw the veil before it (
Exod 40:3), then to fix the table, and the candlestick, and the altar of incense, without the veil (
Exod 40:4,
Exod 40:5), and to fix the hanging of the door before the door. Then in the court he must place the altar of burnt offering, and the laver (
Exod 40:6,
Exod 40:7); and, lastly, he must set up the curtains of the court, and a hanging for a court-gate. And all this would be easily done in one day, many hands no doubt being employed in it under the direction of Moses. 2. He directs Moses, when he had set up the tabernacle and all the furniture of it, to consecrate it and them, by anointing them with the oil which was prepared for the purpose,
Exod 30:25, etc. It was there ordered that this should be done; here it was ordered that it should be done now,
Exod 40:9-
Exod 40:11. Observe, Every thing was sanctified when it was put in its proper place, and not till then, for till then it was not fit for the use to which it was to be sanctified. As every thing is beautiful in its season, so is every thing in its place. 3. He directs him to consecrate Aaron and his sons. When the goods were brought into God's house, they were marked first, and then servants were hired to bear the vessels of the Lord; and those must be clean who were put into that office,
Exod 40:12-
Exod 40:15. The law which was now ordered to be put in execution we had before, ch. 29. Thus in the visible church, which is God's tabernacle among men, it is requisite that there be ministers to keep the charge of the sanctuary, and that they receive the anointing.
16 When the tabernacle and the furniture of it were prepared, they did not put off the rearing of it till they came to Canaan, though they now hoped to be there very shortly; but, in obedience to the will of God, they set it up in the midst of their camp, while they were in the wilderness. Those that are unsettled in the world must not think that this will excuse them in their continued irreligion; as if it were enough to begin to serve God when they begin to be settled in the world. No; a tabernacle for God is a very needful and profitable companion even in a wilderness, especially considering that our carcases may fall in that wilderness, and we may be fixed in another world before we come to fix in this.
The rearing of the tabernacle was a good day's work; the consecrating of it, and of the priests, was attended to some days after. Here we have an account only of that new-year's-day's work. 1. Moses not only did all that God directed him to do, but in the order that God appointed; for God will be sought in the due order. 2. To each particular there is added an express reference to the divine appointment, which Moses governed himself by as carefully and conscientiously as the workmen did; and therefore, as before, so here it is repeated,
as the Lord commanded Moses, seven times in less than fourteen verses. Moses himself, as great a man as he was, would not pretend to vary from the institution, neither to add to it nor diminish from it, in the least punctilio. Those that command others must remember that their Master also is in heaven, and they must do as they are commanded. 3. That which was to be veiled be veiled (
Exod 40:21), and that which was to be used he used immediately, for the instruction of the priests, that by seeing him do the several offices they might learn to do them the more dexterously. Though Moses was not properly a priest, yet he is numbered among the priests (
Pss 99:6), and the Jewish writers call him
the priest of the priests; what he did he did by special warrant and direction from God, rather as a prophet, or law-giver, than as a priest. He set the wheels a going, and then left the work in the hands of the appointed ministry. (1.) When he had placed the table, he set the show-bread in order upon it (
Exod 40:23); for God will never have his table unfurnished. (2.) As soon as he had fixed the candlestick,
he lighted the lamps before the Lord, Exod 40:25. Even that dark dispensation would not admit of unlighted candles. (3.) The golden altar being put in its place, immediately he
burnt sweet incense thereon (
Exod 40:27); for God's altar must be a smoking altar. (4.) The altar of the burnt-offering was no sooner set up in the court of the tabernacle than he had a
burnt-offering, and a meat-offering, ready to offer upon it, Exod 40:29. Some think, though this is mentioned here, it was not done till some time after; but it seems to me that he immediately began the ceremony of its consecration, though it was not completed for seven days. (5.) At the laver likewise, when he had fixed that, Moses himself washed his hands and feet. Thus, in all these instances, he not only showed the priests how to do their duty, but has taught us that God's gifts are intended for use, and not barely for show. Though the altars, and table, and candlestick, were fresh and new, he did not say it was a pity to sully them; no, he handselled them immediately. Talents were given to be occupied, not to be buried.
34 As when, in the creation, God had finished this earth, which he designed for man's habitation, he made man, and put him in possession of it, so when Moses had finished the tabernacle, which was designed for God's dwelling-place among men, God came and took possession of it. The
shechinah, the divine eternal Word, though not yet made flesh, yet, as a prelude to that event, came and dwelt among them,
John 1:14. This was henceforward the
place of his throne, and
the place of the soles of his feet (
Ezek 43:7); here he resided, here he ruled. By the visible tokens of God's coming among them to take possession of the tabernacle he testified both the return of his favour to them, which they had forfeited by the golden calf (
Exod 33:7), and his gracious acceptance of all the expense they had been at, and all the care and pains they had taken about the tabernacle. Thus God owned them, showed himself well pleased with what they had done, and abundantly rewarded them. Note, God will dwell with those that prepare him a habitation. The broken and contrite heart, the clean and holy heart, that is furnished for his service, and devoted to his honour, shall be his
rest for ever; here will Christ dwell by faith,
Ephes 3:17. Where God has a throne and an altar in the soul, there is a living temple. And God will be sure to own and crown the operations of his own grace and the observance of his own appointments.
As God had manifested himself upon mount Sinai, so he did now in this newly-erected tabernacle. We read (
Exod 24:16) that
the glory of the Lord abode upon mount Sinai, which is said to be like
devouring fire (
Exod 40:17), and that the
cloud covered it on the outside, and the
glory of the Lord filled it within, to which, probably there is an allusion in
Zech 2:5, where God promises to be a
wall of fire round about Jerusalem (and the pillar of cloud was by night a pillar of fire)
and the glory in the midst of her. I.
The cloud covered the tent. That same cloud which, as the chariot or pavilion of the
shechinah, had come up before them out of Egypt and led them hither, now settled upon the tabernacle and hovered over it, even in the hottest and clearest day; for it was none of those clouds which the sun scatters. This cloud was intended to be, 1. A token of God's presence constantly visible day and night (
Exod 40:38) to all Israel, even to those that lay in the remotest corners of the camp, that they might never again make a question of it,
Is the Lord among us, or is he not? That very cloud which had already been so pregnant with wonders in the Red Sea, and on mount Sinai, sufficient to prove God in it of a truth, was continually
in sight of all the house of Israel throughout all their journeys; so that they were inexcusable if they believed not their own eyes. 2. A concealment of the tabernacle, and the glory of God in it. God did indeed dwell among them, but he dwelt in a cloud:
Verily thou art a God that hidest, thyself. Blessed be God for the gospel of Christ, in which
we all with open face behold as in a glass, not in a cloud,
the glory of the Lord. 3. A protection of the tabernacle. They had sheltered it with one covering upon another, but, after all, the cloud that covered it was its best guard. Those that dwell in the house of the Lord are hidden there, and are safe under the divine protection,
Pss 27:4,
Pss 27:5. Yet this, which was then a peculiar favour to the tabernacle, is promised to every dwelling-place of mount Zion (
Isa 4:5); for
upon all the glory shall be a defence. 4. A guide to the camp of Israel in their march through the wilderness,
Exod 40:36,
Exod 40:37. While the cloud continued on the tabernacle, they rested; when it removed, they removed and followed it, as being purely under divine direction. This is spoken of more fully,
Num 9:19;
Pss 78:14;
Pss 105:39. As before the tabernacle was set up the Israelites had the cloud for their guide, which appeared sometimes in one place and sometimes in another, but henceforward rested on the tabernacle and was to be found there only, so the church had divine revelation for its guide from the first, before the scriptures were written, but since the making up of that canon it rests in that as its tabernacle, and there only it is to be found, as in the creation the light which was made the first day, centered in the sun the fourth day. Blessed be God for the law and the testimony!
II.
The glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle, Exod 40:34,
Exod 40:35. The
shechinah now made an awful and pompous entry into the tabernacle, through the outer part of which it passed into the most holy place, as the presence-chamber, and there seated itself between the cherubim. It was in light and fire, and (for aught we know) no otherwise, that the
shechinah made itself visible; for
God is light; our God is a consuming fire. With these the tabernacle was now filled, yet, as before the bush was not consumed, so now the curtains were not so much as singed by this fire; for to those that have received the anointing the terrible majesty of God is not destroying. Yet so dazzling was the light, and so dreadful was the fire, that Moses was
not able to enter into the tent of the congregation, at the door of which he attended, till the splendour had a little abated, and the glory of the Lord retired within the veil,
Exod 40:35. This shows how terrible the glory and majesty of God are, and how unable the greatest and best of men are to stand before him. The divine light and fire, let forth in their full strength, will overpower the strongest heads and the purest hearts. But what Moses could not do, in that
he was weak through the flesh, has been done by our Lord Jesus, whom God caused to draw near and approach, and who, as the forerunner,
has for us entered, and has invited us to come boldly even to the mercy-seat. He was able to enter into the holy place not made with hands (
Hebre 9:24); nay, he is himself the true tabernacle, filled with the glory of God (
John 1:14), even with the divine grace and truth prefigured by this fire and light. In him the shechinah took up its rest for ever, for in him
dwells all the fulness of the godhead bodily. Blessed be God for Jesus Christ!
