1Synové Izraele však jednali v Hospodinových očích zle, a tak je Hospodin vydal do rukou Midiánu na sedm let. 2Midiánci utlačovali Izrael tak krutě, že si Izraelci před nimi dělali úkryty v horách a jeskyních a opevňovali se na nepřístupných vrcholcích. 3Kdykoli Izrael zasel, přitáhli Midiánci a Amalekovci s východními národy a přepadli jej. 4Tábořili v zemi a pustošili úrodu až ke Gaze; nenechali Izraeli žádné živobytí – jedinou ovci, dobytče ani osla. 5Přitáhli vždy se svými stády a stany, přicházelo jich jako kobylek, jich a jejich velbloudů bylo bezpočtu. Přicházeli, aby pustošili zem. 6Midián Izraelce úplně zbědoval, a tak začali volat k Hospodinu. 7Když tehdy synové Izraele kvůli Midiánu volali k Hospodinu, 8poslal k nim Hospodin jednoho proroka. Ten jim řekl: „Toto praví Hospodin, Bůh Izraele: Já jsem vás vyvedl z Egypta, vytáhl jsem vás z domu otroctví. 9Vytrhl jsem vás z ruky Egypťanů i z rukou všech, kdo vás trápili. Vyhnal jsem je před vámi a jejich zemi jsem dal vám. 10Tehdy jsem vám řekl: ‚Já jsem Hospodin, váš Bůh. Nesmíte ctít bohy Emorejců, v jejichž zemi bydlíte.‘ Ale neposlechli jste mě.“ 11Hospodinův anděl přišel a posadil se pod dubem v Ofře, patřící Joašovi Abiezerskému. Jeho syn Gedeon právě mlátil pšenici – ve vinném lisu, aby si toho Midiánci nevšimli. 12Hospodinův anděl se mu ukázal a řekl mu: „Hospodin s tebou, udatný hrdino!“ 13Gedeon mu odpověděl: „Promiň, pane, ale jestli je Hospodin s námi, proč nás tohle všechno potkalo? Kde jsou všechny ty jeho divy, o kterých nám vyprávěli naši otcové? Prý: ‚Hospodin nás přece vyvedl z Egypta‘ – jenže teď nás Hospodin opustil a nechal nás v hrsti Midiánců!“ 14Tu se k němu Hospodin obrátil a pravil: „Jdi v této své síle a zachráníš Izrael z hrsti Midiánců. Já sám tě přece posílám!“ 15On však namítl: „Promiň, Pane, ale jak mám zachránit Izrael? Můj rod je v Manasesovi nejubožejší a já sám jsem v rodném domě poslední.“ 16„Ano, ale já budu s tebou, takže pobiješ Midiánce až do posledního,“ řekl mu na to Hospodin. 17„V tom případě mi prokaž laskavost,“ odpověděl Gedeon. „Dej mi prosím znamení, že se mnou mluvíš ty. 18Neodcházej prosím odsud, dokud se k tobě nevrátím s darem, který ti přinesu.“ On odpověděl: „Počkám, dokud se nevrátíš.“ 19Gedeon šel domů a připravil kůzle a nekvašené chleby z jedné efy mouky. Maso vložil do koše, vývar nalil do hrnce, odnesl to pod ten dub a položil to před něj. 20Hospodinův anděl mu řekl: „Vezmi maso a chleby a polož je zde na skálu. Vývar vylij.“ A když to Gedeon udělal, 21Hospodinův anděl zvedl hůl, kterou měl v ruce, a dotkl se jejím koncem masa a chlebů. Ze skály vyšlehl oheň a maso i chleby pohltil. Mezitím se mu Hospodinův anděl ztratil z očí. 22Když si Gedeon uvědomil, že to byl Hospodinův anděl, vykřikl: „Ach, Pane můj, Hospodine! Vždyť já jsem tváří v tvář uviděl Hospodinova anděla!“ 23„Buď klidný,“ řekl mu Hospodin. „Neboj se, nezemřeš.“ 24Gedeon tam proto postavil Hospodinu oltář a nazval jej „Hospodin je pokoj“. Ten oltář je v abiezerské Ofře až dodnes. 25Té noci mu Hospodin řekl: „Vezmi býka ze stáda svého otce, toho druhého býka, sedm let starého. Zboř Baalův oltář, jenž patří tvému otci, a ten Ašeřin kůl vedle něj pokácej. 26Na vrchu toho kopce pak postav řádný oltář Hospodinu, svému Bohu. Vezmi toho druhého býka a obětuj ho jako zápalnou oběť na dřevě z Ašeřina kůlu, který pokácíš.“ 27Gedeon tedy vzal deset mužů ze svých služebníků a udělal, jak mu Hospodin řekl. Kvůli strachu z rodiny i kvůli lidem z města to ovšem neudělal ve dne, ale v noci. 28Ráno lidé ve městě vstali – a hle, Baalův oltář je stržen, Ašeřin kůl u něj pokácen a ten druhý býk spálen na postaveném oltáři! 29„Kdo to udělal?“ ptali se jeden druhého. Pátrali a zjišťovali, až na to přišli: „Udělal to Gedeon, syn Joašův.“ 30Lidé z města tedy řekli Joašovi: „Vyveď svého syna ven, ať zemře – za to, že strhl Baalův oltář a skácel Ašeřin kůl vedle něj!“ 31Joaš ale odpověděl zástupu kolem něj: „Co že vy chcete hájit Baala? Že byste ho vy mohli zachránit? Kdokoli ho bude hájit, do rána zemře! Je-li to bůh, ať se hájí sám, když mu někdo zboří oltář.“ 32Toho dne tedy Gedeon dostal jméno Jerub-baal, Ať se Baal hájí. Říkali totiž: „Ať se Baal proti němu hájí, když mu zbořil oltář!“ 33Všichni Midiánci a Amalekovci se spojili s východními národy, překročili Jordán a utábořili se v údolí Jizreel. 34Na Gedeona tehdy sestoupil Duch Hospodinův. Zatroubil na beraní roh a svolal Abiezerské k sobě. 35Rozeslal posly po celém Manasesovi, aby se k němu přidali. Vyslal také posly k Ašerovi, Zabulonovi a Neftalímovi, aby jim i oni vytáhli vstříc. 36Gedeon pak Boha požádal: „Chceš opravdu skrze mě zachránit Izrael, jak jsi řekl? 37Hle, pokládám zde na mlatu ovčí rouno. Bude-li rosa jen na rounu, a na zemi všude kolem sucho, poznám, že skrze mě zachráníš Izrael, jak jsi řekl.“ 38A tak se stalo. Druhého dne, hned jak ráno vstal, stiskl rouno a vyždímal z něj rosu – plnou číši vody. 39Gedeon pak Bohu řekl: „Nehněvej se na mě, když ještě jednou promluvím. Prosím, ať mohu to rouno zkusit ještě jednou. Ať je, prosím, sucho jenom na rounu, a na zemi všude kolem rosa.“ 40A Bůh to té noci udělal. Jedině na rounu bylo sucho, ale na zemi všude kolem rosa.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 THE ISRAELITES, FOR THEIR SINS, OPPRESSED BY MIDIAN. (
Judg 6:1-
Judg 6:6)
and the Lord delivered them into the hand of Midian--Untaught by their former experiences, the Israelites again apostatized, and new sins were followed by fresh judgments. Midian had sustained a severe blow in the time of Moses (Num. 31:1-18); and the memory of that disaster, no doubt, inflamed their resentment against the Israelites. They were wandering herdsmen, called "children of the East," from their occupying the territory east of the Red Sea, contiguous to Moab. The destructive ravages they are described as at this time committing in the land of Israel are similar to those of the Bedouin Arabs, who harass the peaceful cultivators of the soil. Unless composition is made with them, they return annually at a certain season, when they carry off the grain, seize the cattle and other property; and even life itself is in jeopardy from the attacks of those prowling marauders. The vast horde of Midianites that overran Canaan made them the greatest scourge which had ever afflicted the Israelites.
2 made . . . dens . . . in the mountains and caves--not, of course, excavating them, for they were already, but making them fit for habitation.
8 A PROPHET REBUKES THEM. (
Judg 6:7-
Judg 6:10)
the Lord sent a prophet unto the children of Israel--The curse of the national calamity is authoritatively traced to their infidelity as the cause.
11 AN ANGEL SENDS GIDEON TO DELIVER THEM. (
Judg 6:11-
Judg 6:16)
there came an angel of the Lord--He appeared in the character and equipments of a traveller (
Judg 6:21), who sat down in the shade to enjoy a little refreshment and repose. Entering into conversation on the engrossing topic of the times, the grievous oppression of the Midianites, he began urging Gideon to exert his well-known prowess on behalf of his country. Gideon, in replying, addresses him at first in a style equivalent (in Hebrew) to "sir," but afterwards gives to him the name usually applied to God.
an oak--Hebrew, "the oak"--as famous in after-times.
Ophrah--a city in the tribe of Manasseh, about sixteen miles north of Jericho, in the district belonging to the family of Abiezer (
Josh 17:2).
his son Gideon threshed wheat by the wine-press--This incident tells emphatically the tale of public distress. The small quantity of grain he was threshing, indicated by his using a flail instead of the customary treading of cattle--the unusual place, near a wine-press, under a tree, and on the bare ground, not a wooden floor, for the prevention of noise--all these circumstances reveal the extreme dread in which the people were living.
13 if the Lord be with us, why then is all this befallen us?--Gideon's language betrays want of reflection, for the very chastisements God had brought on His people showed His presence with, and His interest in, them.
14 the Lord looked upon him, and said, Go in this thy might . . . have not I sent thee?--The command and the promise made Gideon aware of the real character of his visitor; and yet like Moses, from a sense of humility, or a shrinking at the magnitude of the undertaking, he excused himself from entering on the enterprise. And even though assured that, with the divine aid, he would overcome the Midianites as easily as if they were but one man, he still hesitates and wishes to be better assured that the mission was really from God. He resembles Moses also in the desire for a sign; and in both cases it was the rarity of revelations in such periods of general corruption that made them so desirous of having the fullest conviction of being addressed by a heavenly messenger. The request was reasonable, and it was graciously granted [
Judg 6:18].
18 GIDEON'S PRESENT CONSUMED BY FIRE. (Jdg. 6:17-32)
Depart not hence, I pray thee, until I . . . bring forth my present--Hebrew, my mincha, or "meat offering"; and his idea probably was to prove, by his visitor's partaking of the entertainment, whether or not he was more than man.
19 Gideon went in, and made ready a kid; . . . the flesh he put in a basket, and he put the broth in a pot--(See on
Gen 18:7). The flesh seems to have been roasted, which is done by cutting it into kobab, that is, into small pieces, fixed on a skewer, and put before the fire. The broth was for immediate use; the other, brought in a hand-basket was intended to be a future supply to the traveller. The miraculous fire that consumed it and the vanishing of the stranger, not by walking, but as a spirit in the fire, filled Gideon with awe. A consciousness of demerit fills the heart of every fallen man at the thought of God, with fear of His wrath; and this feeling was increased by a belief prevalent in ancient times, that whoever saw an angel would forthwith die. The acceptance of Gideon's sacrifice betokened the acceptance of his person; but it required an express assurance of the divine blessing, given in some unknown manner, to restore his comfort and peace of mind.
24 it came to pass the same night, that the Lord said unto him--The transaction in which Gideon is here described as engaged was not entered on till the night after the vision.
25 Take thy father's . . . second bullock--The Midianites had probably reduced the family herd; or, as Gideon's father was addicted to idolatry, the best may have been fattened for the service of Baal; so that the second was the only remaining one fit for sacrifice to God.
throw down the altar of Baal that thy father hath--standing upon his ground, though kept for the common use of the townsmen.
cut down the grove that is by it--dedicated to Ashtaroth. With the aid of ten confidential servants he demolished the one altar and raised on the appointed spot the altar of the Lord; but, for fear of opposition, the work had to be done under cover of night. A violent commotion was excited next day, and vengeance vowed against Gideon as the perpetrator. "Joash, his father, quieted the mob in a manner similar to that of the town clerk of Ephesus. It was not for them to take the matter into their own hands. The one, however, made an appeal to the magistrate; the other to the idolatrous god himself" [CHALMERS].
33 THE SIGNS. (
Judg 6:33-
Judg 6:39)
all the Midianites . . . pitched in Jezreel--The confederated troops of Midian, Amalek, and their neighbors, crossing the Jordan to make a fresh inroad on Canaan, encamped in the plains of Esdraelon (anciently Jezreel). The southern part of the Ghor lies in a very low level, so that there is a steep and difficult descent into Canaan by the southern wadies. Keeping this in view, we see the reason why the Midianite army, from the east of Jordan, entered Canaan by the northern wadies of the Ghor, opposite Jezreel.
34 the Spirit of the Lord came upon Gideon--Called in this sudden emergency into the public service of his country, he was supernaturally endowed with wisdom and energy commensurate with the magnitude of the danger and the difficulties of his position. His summons to war was enthusiastically obeyed by all the neighboring tribes. On the eve of a perilous enterprise, he sought to fortify his mind with a fresh assurance of a divine call to the responsible office. The miracle of the fleece was a very remarkable one--especially, considering the copious dews that fall in his country. The divine patience and condescension were wonderfully manifested in reversing the form of the miracle. Gideon himself seems to have been conscious of incurring the displeasure of God by his hesitancy and doubts; but He bears with the infirmities of His people.