1O Israel, do not rejoice for joy, like the peoples. For you have committed adultery against your God. You have loved for hire on every grain threshing floor. 2The threshing floor and the winepress shall not feed them, and the new wine shall fail in her. 3They shall not live in the land of Jehovah. But Ephraim shall return to Egypt, and they shall eat unclean things in Assyria. 4They shall not offer wine to Jehovah; they shall not be pleasing to Him. Their sacrifices shall be like the bread of sorrows to them; all who eat it shall be defiled, for their bread for their life shall not come into the house of Jehovah. 5What will you do in the appointed day, and in the day of the feast of Jehovah? 6For, lo, they are gone because of destruction. Egypt shall gather them up; Memphis shall bury them. Nettles shall possess their valuables of silver; thorns shall be in their tents. 7The days of visitation have come; the days of retribution have come. Israel shall know. The prophet is a fool, the spiritual man is insane, because of the greatness of your iniquity and your great hatred. 8The watchman of Ephraim is with my God, but the prophet is a snare of a fowler in all his ways; hatred is in the house of his God. 9They have deeply corrupted, as in the days of Gibeah. He will remember their iniquity; He will punish their sins. 10I found Israel like grapes in the wilderness. I saw your fathers as the firstfruits on the fig tree in its first season. But they went to Baal-peor and set themselves apart to that shameful thing. And they became an abomination like that which they loved. 11The glory of Ephraim shall fly away like a bird; from birth, and from the womb, and from conception. 12Though they raise their sons, yet I will make them childless, until not a man is left. Yea, woe also to them when I turn away from them! 13As I watched Tyre, Ephraim was planted in a pleasant place. But Ephraim shall lead out his sons to the slayer. 14O Jehovah, give them. What will you give? Give them a miscarrying womb and dry breasts. 15All their wickedness is in Gilgal, for there I hated them. I will drive them out of My house because of the wickedness of their doings, I will love them no more; all their rulers are rebellious. 16Ephraim is stricken; their root is dried up; they shall bear no fruit. Yea, though they bear, yet I will kill the beloved ones of their womb. 17My God shall cast them away because they did not give heed to Him; and they shall be wanderers among the nations.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 WARNING AGAINST ISRAEL'S JOY AT PARTIAL RELIEF FROM THEIR TROUBLES: THEIR CROPS SHALL FAIL, AND THE PEOPLE LEAVE THE LORD'S LAND FOR EGYPT AND ASSYRIA, WHERE THEY CANNOT, IF SO INCLINED, SERVE GOD ACCORDING TO THE ANCIENT RITUAL: FOLLY OF THEIR FALSE PROPHETS. (Hos. 9:1-17)
Rejoice not . . . for joy--literally, "to exultation." Thy exultation at the league with Pul, by which peace seems secured, is out of place: since thy idolatry will bring ruin on thee.
as other people--the Assyrians for instance, who, unlike thee, are in the height of prosperity.
loved a reward upon every corn floor--Thou hast desired, in reward for thy homage to idols, abundance of corn on every threshing-floor (
Hos 2:12).
2 (
Hos 2:9,
Hos 2:12).
fail--disappoint her expectation.
3 return to Egypt--(See on
Hos 8:13). As in
Hos 11:5 it is said, "He shall not return into . . . Egypt." FAIRBAIRN thinks it is not the exact country that is meant, but the bondage state with which, from past experience, Egypt was identified in their minds. Assyria was to be a second Egypt to them.
Deut 28:68, though threatening a return to Egypt, speaks (
Deut 28:36) of their being brought to a nation which neither they nor their fathers had known, showing that it is not the literal Egypt, but a second Egypt-like bondage that is threatened.
eat unclean things in Assyria--reduced by necessity to eat meats pronounced unclean by the Mosaic law (
Ezek 4:13). See
2Kgs 17:6.
4 offer wine offerings--literally, "pour as a libation (
Exod 30:9;
Lev 23:13).
neither shall they be pleasing unto him--as being offered on a profane soil.
sacrifices . . . as the bread of mourners--which was unclean (
Deut 26:14;
Jer 16:7;
Ezek 24:17).
their bread for their soul--their offering for the expiation of their soul [CALVIN], (
Lev 17:11). Rather, "their bread for their sustenance ('soul' being often used for the animal life,
Gen 14:21, Margin) shall not come into the Lord's house"; it shall only subserve their own uses, not My worship.
5 (
Hos 2:11).
6 because of destruction--to escape from the devastation of their country.
Egypt shall gather them up--that is, into its sepulchres (
Jer 8:2;
Ezek 29:5). Instead of returning to Palestine, they should die in Egypt.
Memphis--famed as a necropolis.
the pleasant places for their silver--that is, their desired treasuries for their money. Or, "whatever precious thing they have of silver" [MAURER].
nettles--the sign of desolation (
Isa 34:13).
7 visitation--vengeance: punishment (
Isa 10:3).
Israel shall know it--to her cost experimentally (
Isa 9:9).
the prophet is a fool--The false prophet who foretold prosperity to the nation shall be convicted of folly by the event.
the spiritual man--the man pretending to inspiration (
Lam 2:14;
Ezek 13:3;
Mic 3:11;
Zeph 3:4).
for the multitude of thine iniquity, &c.--Connect these words with, "the days of visitation . . . are come"; "the prophet . . . is mad," being parenthetical.
the great hatred--or, "the great provocation" [HENDERSON]; or, "(thy) great apostasy" [MAURER]. English Version means Israel's "hatred" of God's prophets and the law.
8 The watchman . . . was with my God--The spiritual watchmen, the true prophets, formerly consulted my God (
Jer 31:6;
Hab 2:1); but their so-called prophet is a snare, entrapping Israel into idolatry.
hatred--rather, "(a cause of) apostasy" (see
Hos 9:7) [MAURER].
house of his God--that is, the state of Ephraim, as in
Hos 8:1 [MAURER]. Or, "the house of his (false) god," the calves [CALVIN]. Jehovah, "my God," seems contrasted with "his God." CALVIN'S view is therefore preferable.
9 as in the days of Gibeah--as in the day of the perpetration of the atrocity of Gibeah, narrated in
Judg 19:16-
Judg 19:22, &c.
10 As the traveller in a wilderness is delighted at finding grapes to quench his thirst, or the early fig (esteemed a great delicacy in the East,
Isa 28:4;
Jer 24:2;
Mic 7:1); so it was My delight to choose your fathers as My peculiar people in Egypt (
Hos 2:15).
at her first time--when the first-fruits of the tree become ripe.
went to Baal-peor-- (
Num 25:3): the Moabite idol, in whose worship young women prostituted themselves; the very sin Israel latterly was guilty of.
separated themselves--consecrated themselves.
unto that shame--to that shameful or foul idol (
Jer 11:13).
their abominations were according as they loved--rather, as Vulgate, "they became abominable like the object of their love" (
Deut 7:26;
Ps 115:8). English Version gives good sense, "their abominable idols they followed after, according as their lusts prompted them" (
Amos 4:5, Margin).
11 their glory shall fly away--fit retribution to those who "separated themselves unto that shame" (
Hos 9:10). Children were accounted the glory of parents; sterility, a reproach. "Ephraim" means "fruitfulness" (
Gen 41:52); this its name shall cease to be its characteristic.
from the birth . . . womb . . . conception--Ephraim's children shall perish in a threefold gradation; (1) From the time of birth. (2) From the time of pregnancy. (3) From the time of their first conception.
12 Even though they should rear their children, yet will I bereave them (the Ephraimites) of them (
Job 27:14).
woe . . . to them when I depart--Yet the ungodly in their madness desire God to depart from them (
Job 21:14;
Job 22:17;
Matt 8:34). At last they know to their cost how awful it is when God has departed (
Deut 31:17;
1Sam 28:15-16; compare
Hos 9:11;
1Sam 4:21).
13 Ephraim, as I saw Tyrus . . . in a pleasant place--that is, in looking towards Tyrus (on whose borders Ephraim lay) I saw Ephraim beautiful in situation like her (Eze. 26:1-28:26).
is planted--as a fruitful tree; image suggested by the meaning of "Ephraim" (
Hos 9:11).
bring forth his children to the murderer-- (
Hos 9:16;
Hos 13:16). With all his fruitfulness, his children shall only be brought up to be slain.
14 what wilt thou give?--As if overwhelmed by feeling, he deliberates with God what is most desirable.
give . . . a miscarrying womb--Of two evils he chooses the least. So great will be the calamity, that barrenness will be a blessing, though usually counted a great misfortune (
Job 3:3;
Jer 20:14;
Luke 23:29).
15 All their wickedness--that is, their chief guilt.
Gilgal--(see on
Hos 4:15). This was the scene of their first contumacy in rejecting God and choosing a king (
1Sam 11:14-15; compare
1Sam 8:7), and of their subsequent idolatry.
there I hated them--not with the human passion, but holy hatred of their sin, which required punishment to be inflicted on themselves (compare
Mal 1:3).
out of mine house--as in
Hos 8:1 : out of the land holy unto ME. Or, as "love" is mentioned immediately after, the reference may be to the Hebrew mode of divorce, the husband (God) putting the wife (Israel) out of the house.
princes . . . revolters--"Sarim . . . Sorerim" (Hebrew), a play on similar sounds.
16 The figures "root," "fruit," are suggested by the word "Ephraim," that is, fruitful (see on
Hos 9:11-
Hos 9:12). "Smitten," namely, with a blight (
Ps 102:4).
17 My God--"My," in contrast to "them," that is, the people, whose God Jehovah no longer is. Also Hosea appeals to God as supporting his authority against the whole people.
wanderers among . . . nations-- (
2Kgs 15:29;
1Chr 5:26).
