1Send the lamb to the ruler of the land, from Sela of the wilderness, to the mount of the daughter of Zion. 2For it shall be as a fluttering bird cast out of the nest; so it shall be for the daughters of Moab at the fords of Arnon. 3Take counsel, execute judgment; make your shadow as night in the middle of the day; hide the outcasts; do not betray the one who flees. 4Let My outcasts dwell with you, Moab; be a shelter to them from the face of the destroyer; for the extortioner is at an end, the destroyer ceases, the oppressors are consumed out of the land. 5And in mercy the throne shall be established; and One shall sit on it in truth in the tent of David, judging and seeking swift justice in righteousness. 6We have heard of the pride of Moab; very proud; even of his haughtiness, and his pride, and his rage; but it is all empty talk. 7Therefore Moab shall howl for Moab, everyone shall howl. You shall mourn for the foundations of Kir-hareseth; surely they are stricken. 8For the fields of Heshbon languish, and the vine of Sibmah. The lords of the nations have beat down its choice plants which have come to Jazer, and wandered in the wilderness; her branches are stretched out, they have crossed over the sea. 9Therefore I will bewail the vine of Sibmah with the weeping of Jazer. I will drench you with my tears, O Heshbon and Elealeh; for the shouting for your summer fruits and your harvest has fallen short. 10Gladness and joy are removed out of the plentiful field; and in the vineyards there is no singing and no shouting. The treader shall tread out no wine in the presses; I have made their shouting to cease. 11Therefore my stomach shall growl like a harp for Moab, and my inner being for Kir-heres. 12And it shall come to pass when it is seen that Moab is weary on the high place, that he shall come to his sanctuary to pray; but he shall not have enough strength. 13This is the Word which Jehovah has spoken to Moab since that time. 14But now Jehovah has spoken, saying, Within three years, like the years of a hireling, the glory of Moab shall be disgraced with all that great multitude; and the little remnant shall be few, not mighty.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 CONTINUATION OF THE PROPHECY AS TO MOAB. (
Isa 16:1-
Isa 16:14)
lamb--advice of the prophet to the Moabites who had fled southwards to Idumea, to send to the king of Judah the tribute of lambs, which they had formerly paid to Israel, but which they had given up (
2Kgs 3:4-5). David probably imposed this tribute before the severance of Judah and Israel (
2Sam 8:2). Therefore Moab is recommended to gain the favor and protection of Judah, by paying it to the Jewish king. Type of the need of submitting to Messiah (
Ps 2:10-
Ps 2:12;
Rom 12:1).
from Sela to--rather, "from Petra through (literally, 'towards') the wilderness" [MAURER]. "Sela" means "a rock," Petra in Greek; the capital of Idumea and Arabia-Petrća; the dwellings are mostly hewn out of the rock. The country around was a vast common ("wilderness") or open pasturage, to which the Moabites had fled on the invasion from the west (
Isa 15:7).
ruler of the land--namely, of Idumea, that is, the king of Judah; Amaziah had become master of Idumea and Sela (
2Kgs 14:7).
2 cast out of . . . nest--rather, "as a brood cast out" (in apposition with "a wandering bird," or rather, wandering birds), namely, a brood just fledged and expelled from the nest in which they were hatched [HORSLEY]. Compare
Isa 10:14;
Deut 32:11.
daughters of Moab--that is, the inhabitants of Moab. So
2Kgs 19:21;
Ps 48:11;
Jer 46:11;
Lam 4:22 [MAURER].
at the fords--trying to cross the boundary river of Moab, in order to escape out of the land. EWALD and MAURER make "fords" a poetical expression for "the dwellers on Arnon," answering to the parallel clause of the same sense, "daughters of Moab."
3 GESENIUS, MAURER, &c., regard these verses as an address of the fugitive Moabites to the Jews for protection; they translate
Isa 16:4, "Let mine outcasts of Moab dwell with thee, Judah"; the protection will be refused by the Jews, for the pride of Moab (
Isa 16:6). VITRINGA makes it an additional advice to Moab, besides paying tribute. Give shelter to the Jewish outcasts who take refuge in thy land (
Isa 16:3-
Isa 16:4); so "mercy" will be shown thee in turn by whatever king sits on the "throne" of "David" (
Isa 16:5). Isaiah foresees that Moab will be too proud to pay the tribute, or conciliate Judah by sheltering its outcasts (
Isa 16:6); therefore judgment shall be executed. However, as Moab just before is represented as itself an outcast in Idumea, it seems incongruous that it should be called on to shelter Jewish outcasts. So that it seems rather to foretell the ruined state of Moab when its people should beg the Jews for shelter, but be refused for their pride.
make . . . shadow as . . . night . . . in . . . noonday--emblem of a thick shelter from the glaring noonday heat (
Isa 4:6;
Isa 25:4;
Isa 32:2).
bewray . . . wandereth--Betray not the fugitive to his pursuer.
4 Rather, "Let the outcasts of Moab dwell with thee" (Judah) [HORSLEY].
for the extortioner, &c.--The Assyrian oppressor probably.
is at an end--By the time that Moab begs Judah for shelter, Judah shall be in a condition to afford it, for the Assyrian oppressor shall have been "consumed out of the land."
5 If Judah shelters the suppliant Moab, allowing him to remain in Idumea, a blessing will redound to Judah itself and its "throne."
truth . . . judgment . . . righteousness--language so divinely framed as to apply to "the latter days" under King Messiah, when "the Lord shall bring again the captivity of Moab" (
Ps 72:2;
Ps 96:13;
Ps 98:9;
Jer 48:47;
Rom 11:12).
hasting--"prompt in executing."
6 We--Jews. We reject Moab's supplication for his pride.
lies--false boasts.
not be so--rather, "not right"; shall prove vain (
Isa 25:10;
Jer 48:29-
Jer 48:30;
Zeph 2:8). "It shall not be so; his lies shall not so effect it."
7 Therefore--all hope of being allowed shelter by the Jews being cut off.
foundations--that is, "ruins"; because, when houses are pulled down, the "foundations" alone are left (
Isa 58:12). Jeremiah, in the parallel place (
Jer 48:31), renders it "men," who are the moral foundations or stay of a city.
Kirhareseth--literally, "a citadel of brick."
surely they are stricken--rather, joined with "mourn"; "Ye shall mourn utterly stricken" [MAURER and HORSLEY].
8 fields--vine-fields (
Deut 32:32).
vine of Sibmah--near Heshbon: namely, languishes.
lords of . . . heathen--The heathen princes, the Assyrians, &c., who invaded Moab, destroyed his vines. So Jeremiah in the parallel place (
Jer 48:32-
Jer 48:33). MAURER thinks the following words require rather the rendering, "Its (the vine of Sibmah) shoots (the wines got from them) overpowered (by its generous flavor and potency) the lords of the nations" (
Gen 49:11-
Gen 49:12,
Gen 49:22).
come . . . Jazer--They (the vine shoots) reached even to Jazer, fifteen miles from Heshbon.
wandered--They overran in wild luxuriance the wilderness of Arabia, encompassing Moab.
the sea--the Dead Sea; or else some lake near Jazer now dry; in
Jer 48:32 called "the sea of Jazer"; but see on
Jer 48:32 (
Ps 80:8-
Ps 80:11).
9 I--will bewail for its desolation, though I belong to another nation (see on
Isa 15:5).
with . . . weeping of Jazer--as Jazer weeps.
shouting for . . . fallen--rather, "Upon thy summer fruits and upon thy luxuriant vines the shouting (the battle shout, instead of the joyous shout of the grape-gatherers, usual at the vintage) is fallen" (
Isa 16:10;
Jer 25:30;
Jer 51:14). In the parallel passage (
Jer 48:32) the words substantially express the same sense. "The spoiler is fallen upon thy summer fruits."
10 gladness--such as is felt in gathering a rich harvest. There shall be no harvest or vintage owing to the desolation; therefore no "gladness."
11 bowels--in Scripture the seat of yearning compassion. It means the inward seat of emotion, the heart, &c. (
Isa 63:15; compare
Isa 15:5;
Jer 48:36).
sound . . . harp--as its strings vibrate when beaten with the plectrum or hand.
12 when it is seen that--rather, "When Moab shall have appeared (before his gods; compare
Exod 23:15), when he is weary (that is, when he shall have fatigued himself with observing burdensome rites;
1Kgs 18:26, &c.), on the high place (compare
Isa 15:2), and shall come to his sanctuary (of the idol Chemosh on Mount Nebo) to pray, he shall not prevail"; he shall effect nothing by his prayers [MAURER].
13 since that time--rather, "respecting that time" [HORSLEY]. BARNES translates it, "formerly" in contrast to "but now" (
Isa 16:14): heretofore former prophecies (
Exod 15:15;
Num 21:29) have been given as to Moab, of which Isaiah has given the substance: but now a definite and steady time also is fixed.
14 three years . . . hireling--Just as a hireling has his fixed term of engagement, which neither he nor his master will allow to be added to or to be taken from, so the limit within which Moab is to fall is unalterably fixed (
Isa 21:16). Fulfilled about the time when the Assyrians led Israel into captivity. The ruins of Elealeh, Heshbon, Medeba, Dibon, &c., still exist to confirm the inspiration of Scripture. The accurate particularity of specification of the places three thousand years ago, confirmed by modern research, is a strong testimony to the truth of prophecy.
Already, Tiglath-pileser had carried away the people of Damascus to Kir, in the fourth year of Ahaz (
2Kgs 16:9); but now in Hezekiah's reign a further overthrow is foretold (
Jer 49:23;
Zech 9:1). Also, Shalmaneser carried away Israel from Samaria to Assyria (
2Kgs 17:6;
2Kgs 18:10-11) in the sixth year of Hezekiah of Judah (the ninth year of Hoshea of Israel). This prophecy was, doubtless, given previously in the first years of Hezekiah when the foreign nations came into nearer collision with Judah, owing to the threatening aspect of Assyria.