1Hlad v zemi byl tíživý. 2Když dojedli obilí, které přivezli z Egypta, otec jim řekl: Nakupte nám znovu trochu potravy. 3Juda mu odpověděl: Ten muž nás výslovně varoval slovy: Nespatříte mou tvář, nebude-li váš bratr s vámi. 4Jestliže pošleš našeho bratra s námi, sestoupíme do Egypta a nakoupíme ti potravu. 5Ale jestli ho nepošleš, nesestoupíme, protože ten muž nám řekl: Neuvidíte mou tvář, nebude-li váš bratr s vámi. 6Nato Izrael řekl: Proč jste mi způsobili takové zlo, že jste tomu muži oznámili, že máte dalšího bratra? 7Odpověděli: Ten muž se nás zevrubně vyptával na naše příbuzenstvo, ptal se: Žije ještě váš otec? Máte ještě bratra? Oznamovali jsme mu to na jeho přímé otázky. Cožpak jsme jen tušili, že řekne: Přiveďte svého bratra sem dolů? 8Pak Juda řekl svému otci Izraelovi: Pošli chlapce se mnou, ať vstaneme a vyjdeme, abychom zůstali naživu a nezemřeli my ani ty ani naše děti. 9Já se za něho zaručím, ode mě ho budeš vyžadovat. Jestliže ho nepřivedu k tobě a nepostavím ho před tebe, budu před tebou navždy vinen. 10Neboť kdybychom neváhali, už bychom tu byli dvakrát zpátky. 11Jejich otec Izrael jim řekl: Když je to tak, udělejte tedy toto: Vezměte z nejlepších plodů země do svých nádob a sneste tomu muži jako dar trochu balzámu, trochu medu, ladanum, myrhu, pistácie a mandle. 12Vezměte s sebou dvojnásobně peněz. Peníze, které byly zpět navráceny nahoru do vašich žoků, vlastnoručně vraťte; možná to byl omyl. 13Vezměte svého bratra, vstaňte a vraťte se k tomu muži. 14A Bůh Všemohoucí kéž vám dá dojít slitování před tím mužem, a on vám propustí vašeho druhého bratra i Benjamína. A já, jestli se stanu bezdětným, stanu se bezdětným. 15Ti muži tedy vzali ten dar, vzali s sebou dvojnásobně peněz i Benjamína, vstali a sestoupili do Egypta a postavili se před Josefem. 16Když Josef uviděl Benjamína s nimi, řekl správci svého domu: Uveď ty muže do domu a nechej něco porazit a připravit, protože ti muži budou se mnou v poledne jíst. 17Ten člověk udělal, co Josef řekl, a uvedl muže do Josefova domu. 18Ti dostali strach, že byli přivedeni do Josefova domu, a říkali si: Kvůli těm penězům, které byly na počátku navráceny do našich žoků, jsme přivedeni, aby se na nás vrhli, aby se nás zmocnili a aby nás vzali za otroky i s našimi osly. 19Přistoupili tedy k muži, který byl správcem Josefova domu, a mluvili s ním ve vchodu domu. 20Říkali: Dovol, pane, poprvé jsme sem sestoupili, abychom nakoupili potravu. 21A když jsme přišli do tábořiště a otevřeli své žoky, hle každý měl své peníze nahoře ve svém žoku, peníze v plné váze. Donesli jsme je zpět s sebou. 22A další peníze jsme přinesli s sebou, abychom nakoupili potravu. Nevíme, kdo nám dal naše peníze do žoků. 23Odpověděl: Buďte klidní, nebojte se. Váš Bůh, Bůh vašeho otce vám dal skrytý poklad do vašich žoků; vaše peníze se ke mně dostaly. Pak k nim vyvedl Šimeóna. 24Potom ten člověk uvedl muže do Josefova domu, podal vodu, aby si umyli nohy, a dal krmivo jejich oslům. 25Oni připravili ten dar, než Josef v poledne přišel, protože slyšeli, že tam budou jíst. 26Když Josef přišel domů, přinesli mu dar, který vzali s sebou do domu, a klaněli se mu k zemi. 27Zeptal se, jak se jim daří, a řekl: Daří se dobře vašemu starému otci, o kterém jste mluvili? Je ještě naživu? 28Odpověděli: Tvému otroku, našemu otci, se daří dobře. Je ještě živ. Pak poklekli a klaněli se. 29Pozvedl oči a uviděl svého bratra Benjamína, syna své matky, a zeptal se: Toto je váš nejmladší bratr, o kterém jste mi říkali? A řekl: Bůh ti buď milostiv, můj synu. 30Josef pospíchal pryč, protože se roznítila jeho náklonnost k bratrovi a chtěl plakat. Vešel tedy do pokoje a tam se rozplakal. 31Pak si umyl tvář a vyšel. Se sebeovládáním řekl: Předkládejte jídlo. 32Předkládali zvlášť jemu, zvlášť jim a zvlášť Egypťanům, kteří jedli s ním; Egypťané totiž nemohou jíst s Hebreji, protože to je pro Egypťany ohavnost. 33Seděli před ním od prvorozeného podle jeho prvorozenství až po nejmladšího podle jeho mládí a ti muži užasle hleděli jeden na druhého. 34Nechal jim od sebe nosit čestné porce a Benjamínova porce byla pětkrát větší než porce jich všech; a pili s ním, až se opili.
Matthew Henry - Complete Commentary 1 Here, 1. Jacob urges his sons to go and buy more corn in Egypt,
Gen 43:1,
Gen 43:2. The famine continued; and the corn they had bought was all spent, for it is meat that perisheth. Jacob, as a good master of a family, is in care to provide for those of his own house food convenient; and shall not God provide for his children, for
the household of faith? Jacob bids them go again and buy a
little food; now, in time of scarcity, a little must suffice, for nature is content with a little. 2. Judah urges him to consent that Benjamin should go down with them, how much soever it went against his feelings and previous determination. Note, It is not at all inconsistent with the honour and duty which children owe their parents humbly and modestly to advise them, and, as occasion is, to reason with them.
Plead with your mother, plead, Hos 2:2. (1.) He insists upon the absolute necessity they were under of bringing Benjamin with them, of which he, who was a witness to all that had passed in Egypt, was a more competent judge than Jacob could be. Joseph's protestation (
Gen 43:3) may be alluded to to show upon what terms we must draw nigh to God; unless we bring Christ along with us in the arms of our faith, we cannot see the face of God with comfort. (2.) He engages to take all possible care of him, and to do his utmost for his safety,
Gen 43:8,
Gen 43:9. Judah's conscience had lately smitten him for what he had done a great while ago against Joseph (
Gen 42:21); and, as an evidence of the truth of his repentance, he is ready to undertake, as far as a man could do it, for Benjamin's security. He will not only not wrong him, but will do all he can to protect him. This is restitution, as far as the case will admit; when he knew not how he could restore Joseph, he would make some amends for the irreparable injury he had done him by doubling his care concerning Benjamin.
11 Observe here, I. Jacob's persuasibleness. He would be ruled by reason, though they were his inferiors that urged it. He saw the necessity of the case; and, since there was no remedy, he consented to yield to the necessity (
Gen 43:11):
If it must be so now, take your brother. If no corn can be had but upon those terms, we may as well expose him to the perils of the journey as suffer ourselves and families, and Benjamin amongst the rest, to perish for want of bread.
Skin for skin, and all that a man has, even a Benjamin, the dearest of all,
will he give for his life. No death so dreadful as that by famine,
Lam 4:9. Jacob had said (
Gen 42:38),
My son shall not go down; but now he is over-persuaded to consent. Note, It is no fault, but our wisdom and duty, to alter our purposes and resolutions when there is a good reason for our so doing. Constancy is a virtue, but obstinacy is not. It is God's prerogative not to repent, and to make unchangeable resolves.
II. Jacob's prudence and justice, which appeared in three things: - 1. He sent back the money which they had found in the sacks' mouths, with this discreet construction of it,
Peradventure it was an oversight. Note, Honesty obliges us to make restitution, not only of that which comes to us by our own fault, but of that which comes to us by the mistakes of others. Though we get it by oversight, if we keep it when the oversight is discovered, it is kept by deceit. In the stating of accounts, errors must be excepted, even those that make for us as well as those that make against us. Jacob's words furnish us with a favourable construction to put upon that which we are tempted to resent as an injury and affront; pass it by, and say,
Peradventure it was an oversight. 2. He sent double money, as much again as they took the time before, upon supposition that the price of corn might have risen, - or to show a generous spirit, that they might be the more likely to find generous treatment with
the man, the lord of the land. 3. He sent a present of such things as the land afforded, and as were scarce in Egypt -
balm and honey, etc. (
Gen 43:11), the commodities that Canaan exported,
Gen 37:25. Note, (1.) Providence dispenses its gifts variously. Some countries produce one commodity, others another, that commerce may be preserved. (2.) Honey and spice will never make up the want of bread-corn. The famine was sore in Canaan, and yet they had balm and myrrh, etc. We may live well enough upon plain food without dainties; but we cannot live upon dainties without plain food. Let us thank God that that which is most needful and useful is generally most cheap and common. (3.) A
gift in secret pacifies wrath, Prov 21:14. Jacob's sons were unjustly accused as spies, yet Jacob was willing to be at the expense of a present, to pacify the accuser. Sometimes we must not think it too much to buy peace even where we may justly demand it, and insist upon it as our right.
III. Jacob's piety appearing in his prayer:
God Almighty give you mercy before the man! Gen 43:14. Jacob had formerly turned an angry brother into a kind one with a present and a prayer; and here he betakes himself to the same tried method, and it sped well. Note, Those that would find mercy with men must seek it of God, who has all hearts in his hands, and turns them as he pleases.
IV. Jacob's patience. He concludes all with this:
If I be bereaved of my children, I am bereaved; If I must part with them thus one after another, I must acquiesce, and say,
The will of the Lord be done. Note, It is our wisdom to reconcile ourselves to the sorest afflictions, and make the best of them; for there is nothing got by striving with our Maker,
2Sam 15:25,
2Sam 15:26.
15 Jacob's sons, having got leave to take Benjamin with them, were observant of the orders their father had given them, and went down the second time into Egypt to buy corn. If we should ever know what a famine of the word means, let us not think it much to travel as far for spiritual food as they did for corporal food. Now here we have an account of what passed between them and Joseph's steward, who, some conjecture, was in the secret, and knew them to be Joseph's brethren, and helped to humour the thing; I rather think not, because no man was permitted to be present when Joseph afterwards made himself known to them,
Gen 45:1. Observe, 1. Joseph's steward has orders from his master (who was busy selling corn, and receiving money) to take them to his house, and make ready for their entertainment. Though Joseph saw Benjamin there, he would not leave his work at working-time, nor trust another with it. Note, Business must take place of civility in its season. Our needful employments must not be neglected, no, not to pay respect to our friends. 2. Even this frightened them:
They were afraid, because they were brought into Joseph's house, Gen 43:18. The just challenges of their own consciences, and Joseph's violent suspicions of them, forbade them to expect any favour, and suggested to them that this was done with a bad design upon them. Note, Those that are guilty and timorous are apt to make the worst of every thing. Now they thought they should be reckoned with about the money in the sacks' mouths, and should be charged as cheats, and men not fit to be dealt with, who had taken advantage of the hurry of the market to carry off their corn unpaid for. They therefore laid the case before the steward, that he, being apprized of it, might stand between them and danger; and, as a substantial proof of their honesty, before they were charged with taking back their money they produced it. Note, Integrity and uprightness will preserve us, and will clear themselves as the light of the morning. 3. The steward encouraged them (
Gen 43:23):
Peace be to you, fear not; though he knew not what his master drove at, yet he was aware these were men whom he meant no harm to, while he thus amused them; and therefore he directs them to look at the divine Providence in the return of their money:
Your God, and the God of your father, has given you treasure in your sacks. Observe, (1.) Hereby he shows that he had no suspicion at all of dishonesty in them: for of what we get by deceit we cannot say, God gives it to us. (2.) Hereby he silences their further enquiry about it. Ask not how it came thither; Providence brought it to you, and let that satisfy you. (3.) It appears by what he said that, by his good master's instructions, he was brought to the knowledge of the true God, the God of the Hebrews. It may justly be expected that those who are servants in religious families should take all fit occasions to speak of God and his providence with reverence and seriousness. (4.) He directs them to look up to God, and acknowledge his providence in the good bargain they had. We must own ourselves indebted to God, as
our God and the God of our fathers (a God in covenant with us and them) for all our successes and advantages, and the kindnesses of our friends; for every creature is that to us, and no more, which God makes it to be. The steward encouraged them, not only in words but in deeds; for he made very much of them till his master came,
Gen 43:24.
26 Here is, I. The great respect that Joseph's brethren paid to him. When they brought him the present,
they bowed themselves before him (
Gen 43:26); and again, when they gave him an account of their father's health,
they made obeisance, and called him,
Thy servant our father, Gen 43:28. Thus were Joseph's dreams fulfilled more and more: and even the father, by the sons,
bowed before him, according to the dream,
Gen 37:10. Probably Jacob had directed them, if they had occasion to speak of him to
the man, the lord of the land, to call him
his servant. II. The great kindness that Joseph showed to them, while they little thought it was a brotherly kindness. Here is,
1. His kind enquiry concerning Jacob:
Is he yet alive? - a very fit question to be asked concerning any, especially concerning old people; for we are dying daily: it is strange that we are
yet alive. Jacob had said many years before,
I will go to the grave to my son; but
he is yet alive: we must not die when we will.
2. The kind notice he took of Benjamin, his own brother. (1.) He put up a prayer for him:
God be gracious unto thee, my son, Gen 43:29. Joseph's favour, though he was the lord of the land, would do him little good, unless God were gracious to him. Many seek the ruler's favour, but Joseph directs him to seek the favour of the ruler of rulers. (2.) He shed some tears for him,
Gen 43:30. His natural affection to his brother, his joy to see him, his concern at seeing him and the rest of them in distress for bread, and the remembrance of his own griefs since he last saw him, produced a great agitation in him, which perhaps was the more uneasy because he endeavoured to stifle and suppress it; but he was forced to retire into his closet, there to give vent to his feeling by tears. Note, [1.] Tears of tenderness and affection are no disparagement at all, even to great and wise men. [2.] Gracious weepers should not proclaim their tears.
My soul shall weep in secret, says the prophet,
Jer 13:17.
Peter went out and wept bitterly. See
Matt 26:75.
3. His kind entertainment of them all. When his weeping had subsided so that he could refrain himself, he sat down to dinner with them, treated them nobly, and yet contrived every thing to amuse them.
(1.) He ordered three tables to be spread, one for his brethren, another for the Egyptians that dined with him (for so different were their customs that they did not care to eat together), another for himself, who durst not own himself a Hebrew, and yet would not sit with the Egyptians. See here an instance, [1.] Of hospitality and good house-keeping, which are very commendable, according as the ability is. [2.] Of compliance with people's humours, even whimsical ones, as bishop Patrick calls this of the Egyptians not eating with the Hebrews. Though Joseph was the lord of the land, and orders were given that all people should obey him, yet he would not force the Egyptians to eat with the Hebrews, against their minds, but let them enjoy their humours. Spirits truly generous hate to impose. [3.] Of the early distance between Jews and Gentiles; one table would not hold them.
(2.) He placed his brethren according to their seniority (
Gen 43:33), as if he
could certainly divine. Some think they placed themselves so, according to their custom; but, if so, I see not why such particular notice is taken of it, especially as a thing they marvelled at.
(3.) He gave them a very plentiful entertainment, sent messes to them from his own table,
Gen 43:34. This was the more generous in him, and the more obliging to them, because of the present scarcity of provisions. In a day of famine, it is enough to be fed; but here they were feasted. Perhaps they had not had such a good dinner for many months. It is said,
They drank and were merry; their cares and fears were now over, and they ate their bread with joy, concluding they were now upon good terms with the man, the lord of the land. If God accept our works,
our present, we have reason to be cheerful. Yet when we sit, as they here did, to eat with a ruler, we should consider what is before us, and not indulge our appetite, nor be desirous of dainties,
Prov 23:1-
Prov 23:3. Joseph gave them to understand that Benjamin was his favourite; for his mess was
five times as much as any of theirs, not as if he would have him eat so much more than the rest, for then he must eat more than would do him good (and it is no act of friendship, but rather an injury and unkindness, to press any either to eat or drink to excess), but thus he would testify his particular respect for him, that he might try whether his brethren would envy Benjamin his larger messes, as formerly they had envied himself his finer coat. And it must be our rule, in such cases, to be content with what we have, and not to grieve at what others have.
