1Ježíš se vrátil od Jordánu plný Ducha svatého. Duch ho vodil pouští 2čtyřicet dní a ďábel ho pokoušel. Ty dny nic nejedl, a když uplynuly, vyhladověl. 3Ďábel mu řekl: »Jsi-li syn Boží, řekni tomuto kameni, ať se z něho stane chléb!« 4Ježíš mu odpověděl: »Je psáno: 'Nejen z chleba žije člověk'.« 5Pak ho ďábel vyvedl vzhůru, v jediném okamžiku mu ukázal všechna království světa 6a řekl mu: »Všechnu tuto moc a jejich slávu dám tobě, protože mně je odevzdána a dávám ji, komu chci. 7Jestliže se přede mnou skloníš, všechno to bude tvoje!« 8Ježíš mu na to řekl: »Je psáno: 'Pánu, svému Bohu, se budeš klanět a jen jemu sloužit!'« 9Potom ho ďábel zavedl do Jeruzaléma, postavil ho na vrchol chrámu a řekl mu: »Jsi-li Syn Boží, vrhni se odtud dolů! 10Je přece psáno: 'Svým andělům vydá o tobě příkaz, aby tě ochránili, 11a ponesou tě na rukou, abys nenarazil nohou o kámen.'« 12Ježíš mu odpověděl: »Je řečeno: 'Nebudeš pokoušet Pána, svého Boha!'« 13Když ďábel dokončil všechna pokušení, opustil ho až do určeného času. 14Ježíš se vrátil v síle Ducha do Galileje. Pověst o něm se roznesla po celém kraji. 15Učil v jejich synagógách a všichni ho velmi chválili. 16Ježíš přišel do Nazareta, kde vyrostl, a jak měl ve zvyku, šel v sobotu do synagógy. Povstal, aby předčítal z Písma. 17Podali mu knihu proroka Izaiáše. Otevřel ji a nalezl místo, kde stálo: 18'Duch Páně je nade mnou, proto mě pomazal, poslal mě, abych přinesl chudým radostnou zvěst, abych vyhlásil zajatým propuštění a slepým navrácení zraku, abych propustil zdeptané na svobodu, 19abych vyhlásil milostivé léto Páně.' 20Pak zavřel knihu, vrátil ji služebníkovi a usedl. A všichni v synagóze na něho upřeně hleděli. 21Začal k nim mluvit: »Dnes se naplnilo toto Písmo, které jste právě slyšeli.« 22Všichni mu přisvědčovali, divili se milým slovům z jeho úst a říkali: »Není to syn Josefův?« 23Řekl jim: »Jistě mi připomenete přísloví: Lékaři, uzdrav sám sebe! Udělej i tady ve svém domově to, o čem jsme slyšeli, že se stalo v Kafarnau.« 24Dále řekl: »Amen, pravím vám: Žádný prorok není vítaný ve svém domově. 25Říkám vám podle pravdy: Mnoho vdov bylo v izraelském národě za dnů Eliášových, kdy se nebe zavřelo na tři léta a šest měsíců a nastal velký hlad po celé zemi; 26ale k žádné z nich nebyl poslán Eliáš, jen k vdově do Sarepty v Sidónsku. 27A mnoho malomocných bylo v izraelském národě za proroka Elizea, ale nikdo z nich nebyl očištěn, jenom Náman ze Sýrie.« 28Když to slyšeli, všichni v synagóze vzplanuli hněvem. 29Zvedli se, vyhnali ho ven z města a vedli až na sráz hory, na níž bylo vystavěno jejich město, aby ho srazili dolů. 30On však prošel jejich středem a ubíral se dál. 31Šel dolů do galilejského města Kafarnaa a v sobotu tam učil. 32Žasli nad jeho učením, protože v jeho slově byla moc. 33V synagóze byl nějaký člověk, který měl v sobě nečistého ďábelského ducha. Ten vzkřikl velikým hlasem: 34»Co je ti po nás, Ježíši Nazaretský? Přišel jsi nás zahubit? Vím, kdo jsi: Svatý Boží!« 35Ale Ježíš mu přísně rozkázal: »Mlč a vyjdi z něho!« Zlý duch tím člověkem smýkl doprostřed a vyšel z něho, aniž mu ublížil. 36Na všechny padl úžas a říkali si mezi sebou: »To je něco! Svrchovanou mocí poroučí nečistým duchům, a vyjdou.« 37Pověst o něm se roznesla po všech místech v tom kraji. 38Odešel pak ze synagógy a vstoupil do Šimonova domu. Šimonova tchyně byla stižena vysokou horečkou; i prosili ho za ni. 39On se nad ní sklonil, pohrozil horečce, a ta přestala. Nemocná hned vstala a obsluhovala je. 40Když zapadlo slunce, všichni, kdo měli nemocné nejrůznějšími neduhy, přiváděli je k němu a on vkládal ruce na každého z nich a uzdravoval je. 41Z mnohých také vycházeli zlí duchové a křičeli: »Ty jsi Boží syn!« Přísně jim to zakazoval a nenechával je mluvit, protože věděli, že je Mesiáš. 42Jakmile se rozednilo, vyšel ven a zašel na opuštěné místo. Zástupy ho však hledaly. Přišly až za ním a chtěly ho zadržet, aby od nich neodcházel. 43On však jim řekl: »Také jiným městům musím hlásat radostnou zvěst o Božím království, protože k tomu jsem byl poslán.« 44A kázal v judských synagógách.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 16 JESUS ENTERING ON HIS PUBLIC MINISTRY, MAKES A CIRCUIT OF GALILEE--REJECTION AT NAZARETH. (Luke 4:14-32)
as his custom was--Compare
Acts 17:2.
stood up for to read--Others besides rabbins were allowed to address the congregation. (See
Acts 13:15.)
18 To have fixed on any passage announcing His sufferings (as
Isa 53:1-
Isa 53:12), would have been unsuitable at that early stage of His ministry. But He selects a passage announcing the sublime object of His whole mission, its divine character, and His special endowments for it; expressed in the first person, and so singularly adapted to the first opening of the mouth in His prophetic capacity, that it seems as if made expressly for this occasion. It is from the well-known section of Isaiah's prophecies whose burden is that mysterious "SERVANT OF THE LORD," despised of man, abhorred of the nation, but before whom kings on seeing Him are to arise, and princes to worship; in visage more marred than any man and His form than the sons of men, yet sprinkling many nations; laboring seemingly in vain, and spending His strength for naught and in vain, yet Jehovah's Servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob and be His Salvation to the ends of the earth (Isa. 49:1-26, &c.). The quotation is chiefly from the Septuagint version, used in the synagogues.
19 acceptable year--an allusion to the jubilee year (
Lev 25:10), a year of universal release for person and property. (See also
Isa 49:8;
2Cor 6:2.) As the maladies under which humanity groans are here set forth under the names of poverty, broken-heartedness, bondage, blindness, bruisedness (or crushedness), so, as the glorious HEALER of all these maladies, Christ announces Himself in the act of reading it, stopping the quotation just before it comes to "the day of vengeance," which was only to come on the rejecters of His message (
John 3:17). The first words, "THE SPIRIT of the LORD is upon ME," have been noted since the days of the Church Fathers, as an illustrious example of Father, Son, and Holy Ghost being exhibited as in distinct yet harmonious action in the scheme of salvation.
20 the minister--the chazan, or synagogue-officer.
all eyes . . . fastened on Him--astounded at His putting in such claims.
21 began to say, &c.--His whole address was just a detailed application to Himself of this and perhaps other like prophecies.
22 gracious words--"the words of grace," referring both to the richness of His matter and the sweetness of His manner (
Ps 45:2).
Is not this, &c.--(See on
Matt 13:54-
Matt 13:56). They knew He had received no rabbinical education, and anything supernatural they seemed incapable of conceiving.
23 this proverb--like our "Charity begins at home."
whatsoever, &c.--"Strange rumors have reached our ears of Thy doings at Capernaum; but if such power resides in Thee to cure the ills of humanity, why has none of it yet come nearer home, and why is all this alleged power reserved for strangers?" His choice of Capernaum as a place of residence since entering on public life was, it seems, already well known at Nazareth; and when He did come thither, to give no displays of His power when distant places were ringing with His fame, wounded their pride. He had indeed "laid his hands on a few sick folk and healed them" (
Mark 6:5); but this seems to have been done quite privately the general unbelief precluding anything more open.
24 And he said, &c.--He replies to the one proverb by another, equally familiar, which we express in a rougher form--"Too much familiarity breeds contempt." Our Lord's long residence in Nazareth merely as a townsman had made Him too common, incapacitating them for appreciating Him as others did who were less familiar with His everyday demeanor in private life. A most important principle, to which the wise will pay due regard. (See also
Matt 7:6, on which our Lord Himself ever acted.)
25 But I tell you, &c.--falling back for support on the well-known examples of Elijah and Elisha (Eliseus), whose miraculous power, passing by those who were near, expended itself on those at a distance, yea on heathens, "the two great prophets who stand at the commencement of prophetic antiquity, and whose miracles strikingly prefigured those of our Lord. As He intended like them to feed the poor and cleanse the lepers, He points to these miracles of mercy, and not to the fire from heaven and the bears that tore the mockers" [STIER].
three years and six months--So
Jas 5:17, including perhaps the six months after the last fall of rain, when there would be little or none at any rate; whereas in
1Kgs 18:1, which says the rain returned "in the third year," that period is probably not reckoned.
26 save . . . saving--"but only." (Compare
Mark 13:32, Greek.)
Sarepta--"Zarephath" (
1Kgs 17:9), a heathen village between Tyre and Sidon. (See
Mark 7:24.)
28 when they heard these things--these allusions to the heathen, just as afterwards with Paul (
Acts 22:21-
Acts 22:22).
29 rose up--broke up the service irreverently and rushed forth.
thrust him--with violence, as a prisoner in their hands.
brow, &c.--Nazareth, though not built on the ridge of a hill, is in part surrounded by one to the west, having several such precipices. (See
2Chr 25:12;
2Kgs 9:33.) It was a mode of capital punishment not unusual among the Romans and others. This was the first insult which the Son of God received, and it came from "them of His own household!" (
Matt 10:36).
30 passing through the midst, &c.--evidently in a miraculous way, though perhaps quite noiselessly, leading them to wonder afterwards what spell could have come over them, that they allowed Him to escape. (Similar escapes, however, in times of persecution, are not unexampled.)
31 down to Capernaum--It lay on the Sea of Galilee (
Matt 4:13), whereas Nazareth lay high.
33 DEMONIAC HEALED. (
Luke 4:33-
Luke 4:37)
unclean--The frequency with which this character of impurity is applied to evil spirits is worthy of notice.
cried out, &c.--(See
Matt 8:29;
Mark 3:11).
35 rebuked them, &c.--(See on
Luke 4:41).
thrown him, &c.--See on
Mark 9:20.
36 What a word--a word from the Lord of spirits.
41 PETER'S MOTHER-IN-LAW AND MANY OTHERS, HEALED. (
Luke 4:38-
Luke 4:41)
suffered them not to speak--The marginal reading ("to say that they knew him to be Christ") here is wrong. Our Lord ever refused testimony from devils, for the very reason why they were eager to give it, because He and they would thus seem to be one interest, as His enemies actually alleged. (See on
Matt 12:24, &c.; see also
Acts 16:16-
Acts 16:18.)
42 JESUS SOUGHT OUT AT MORNING PRAYER, AND ENTREATED TO STAY, DECLINES FROM THE URGENCY OF HIS WORK. (
Luke 4:42-
Luke 4:44)
stayed him--"were staying Him," or sought to do it. What a contrast to the Gadarenes! The nature of His mission required Him to keep moving, that all might hear the glad tidings (
Matt 8:34).
43 I must, &c.--but duty only could move Him to deny entreaties so grateful to His spirit.
