1Tehdy Jozue shromáždil všechny izraelské kmeny do Šechemu. Svolal izraelské stařešiny, náčelníky, soudce i správce, a tak se postavili před Bohem. 2Jozue promluvil ke všemu lidu: „Tak praví Hospodin, Bůh Izraele: ‚Vaši předkové, jako Terach, otec Abrahamův a Náchorův, bydleli od pradávna za řekou Eufrat, kde sloužili cizím bohům. 3Vašeho otce Abrahama jsem ale vzal zpoza té řeky a provedl jsem ho celou kanaánskou zemí. Dal jsem mu mnoho potomků – dal jsem mu Izáka 4a Izákovi jsem dal Jákoba a Ezaua. Ezaua jsem nechal usadit se v pohoří Seír, ale Jákob a jeho synové odešli do Egypta. 5Tam jsem poslal Mojžíše a Árona a bil jsem Egypt znameními, která jsem mezi nimi konal. Potom jsem vás vyvedl. 6Když jsem vaše otce vyvedl z Egypta, přišli jste k Rudému moři, kde vaše otce dostihli Egypťané s vozy a jezdci. 7Tehdy jste volali k Hospodinu a on mezi vás a Egypťany položil temnotu, přihnal na ně moře a zatopil je. Na vlastní oči jste viděli, co jsem vykonal v Egyptě. Po dlouhé době, kterou jste strávili na poušti, 8jsem vás přivedl do země Emorejců, bydlících v Zajordání. Bojovali s vámi, ale vydal jsem je do vašich rukou; obsadili jste jejich zem a já jsem je před vámi vyhladil. 9Potom povstal moábský král Balák, syn Ciporův, a bojoval s Izraelem: Poslal pozvání Balaámovi, synu Beorovu, aby vás proklínal. 10Nehodlal jsem ale Balaáma vyslyšet, a tak vám žehnal a žehnal. Tak jsem vás vysvobodil z jeho ruky. 11Potom jste překročili Jordán a přišli k Jerichu. Obyvatelé Jericha, Emorejci, Perizejci, Kananejci, Chetejci, Girgašejci, Hivejci i Jebusejci proti vám bojovali, ale vydal jsem je do vašich rukou. 12Poslal jsem před vámi sršně, kteří před vámi vyhnali ty dva emorejské krále. Nebylo to vaším mečem ani lukem. 13Dal jsem vám zem, kterou jste neobdělávali, bydlíte ve městech, která jste nestavěli, a jíte z vinic a olivoví, které jste nesázeli.‘ 14Proto tedy ctěte Hospodina a služte mu oddaně a věrně. Odvrhněte bohy, kterým sloužili vaši otcové za řekou Eufrat a v Egyptě, a služte Hospodinu. 15Pokud se vám ale nelíbí sloužit Hospodinu, vyberte si dnes, komu budete sloužit – ať už bohům, kterým sloužili vaši otcové za řekou, anebo bohům Emorejců, v jejichž zemi bydlíte. Já a můj dům však budeme sloužit Hospodinu.“ 16Lid mu odpověděl: „Opustit Hospodina a sloužit cizím bohům? Nikdy! 17Hospodin je náš Bůh! To on nás a naše otce vyvedl z Egypta, z domu otroctví. On před našima očima konal ta veliká znamení a zachovával nás po celou cestu, kterou jsme šli, a mezi všemi národy, mezi nimiž jsme procházeli. 18Hospodin před námi vyhnal Emorejce a všechny ty národy, které bydleli v zemi. I my tedy budeme sloužit Hospodinu – vždyť on je náš Bůh!“ 19Ale Jozue lidu řekl: „Nebudete moci sloužit Hospodinu; vždyť je to svatý Bůh. Je to žárlivý Bůh; nesnese vaše provinění a hříchy. 20Jestliže Hospodina opustíte a budete sloužit cizím bohům, obrátí se a naloží s vámi zle. Skoncuje s vámi tak, jako vám předtím prokazoval dobro.“ 21„Nikoli. Budeme sloužit Hospodinu!“ odpověděl lid Jozuovi. 22„Sami před sebou jste svědkové,“ řekl na to Jozue lidu, „že jste si zvolili Hospodina, abyste sloužili jemu.“ „Ano, jsme svědkové,“ odpověděli. 23„Tak tedy odvrhněte cizí bohy, které máte mezi sebou,“ pokračoval Jozue, „a nakloňte svá srdce k Hospodinu, Bohu Izraele!“ 24„Budeme sloužit Hospodinu, našemu Bohu, a budeme ho poslouchat,“ odpověděl na to lid Jozuovi. 25Jozue toho dne v Šechemu uzavřel s lidem smlouvu a vydal jim ustanovení a řády. 26Tato slova Jozue zapsal do knihy Božího Zákona. Vzal také veliký kámen a vztyčil ho tam pod dubem při Hospodinově svatyni. 27„Hle, tento kámen nám bude svědkem,“ řekl Jozue všemu lidu, „neboť slyšel všechna slova, která nám řekl Hospodin. Bude vám svědkem, abyste neklamali svého Boha.“ 28Poté Jozue lid propustil, každého do jeho dědictví. 29Po těchto událostech Jozue, syn Nunův, služebník Hospodinův, zemřel. Bylo mu sto deset let. 30Pohřbili ho na jeho dědičném území v Timnat-serachu v Efraimských horách severně od hory Gaaš. 31Izrael sloužil Hospodinu po všechny dny Jozuovy i po všechny dny stařešinů, kteří Jozua přežili a zakusili to všechno, co Hospodin pro Izrael vykonal. 32Josefovy kosti, jež synové Izraele přinesli z Egypta, pohřbili v Šechemu na tom dílu pole, který Jákob koupil za sto mincí od synů Šechemova otce Chamora. Spočinuly tedy v dědictví Josefových synů. 33Také Eleazar, syn Áronův, zemřel. Pohřbili ho ve městě Gibeat, které připadlo jeho synu Pinchasovi v Efraimských horách.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 JOSHUA ASSEMBLING THE TRIBES. (
Josh 24:1)
Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel to Shechem--Another and final opportunity of dissuading the people against idolatry is here described as taken by the aged leader, whose solicitude on this account arose from his knowledge of the extreme readiness of the people to conform to the manners of the surrounding nations. This address was made to the representatives of the people convened at Shechem, and which had already been the scene of a solemn renewal of the covenant (
Josh 8:30,
Josh 8:35). The transaction now to be entered upon being in principle and object the same, it was desirable to give it all the solemn impressiveness which might be derived from the memory of the former ceremonial, as well as from other sacred associations of the place (
Gen 12:6-
Gen 12:7;
Gen 33:18-
Gen 33:20;
Gen 35:2-
Gen 35:4).
they presented themselves before God--It is generally assumed that the ark of the covenant had been transferred on this occasion to Shechem; as on extraordinary emergencies it was for a time removed (Jdg. 20:1-18;
1Sam 4:3;
2Sam 15:24). But the statement, not necessarily implying this, may be viewed as expressing only the religious character of the ceremony [HENGSTENBERG].
2 RELATES GOD'S BENEFITS. (
Josh 24:2-
Josh 24:13)
Joshua said unto all the people--His address briefly recapitulated the principal proofs of the divine goodness to Israel from the call of Abraham to their happy establishment in the land of promise; it showed them that they were indebted for their national existence as well as their peculiar privileges, not to any merits of their own, but to the free grace of God.
Your fathers dwelt on the other side of the flood--The Euphrates, namely, at Ur.
Terah, the father of Abraham, and the father of Nachor--(see
Gen 11:27). Though Terah had three sons, Nahor only is mentioned with Abraham, as the Israelites were descended from him on the mother's side through Rebekah and her nieces, Leah and Rachel.
served other gods--conjoining, like Laban, the traditional knowledge of the true God with the domestic use of material images (
Gen 31:19,
Gen 31:34).
3 I took your father Abraham from the other side of the flood, and led him throughout all the land of Canaan--It was an irresistible impulse of divine grace which led the patriarch to leave his country and relatives, to migrate to Canaan, and live a "stranger and pilgrim" in that land.
4 I gave unto Esau mount Seir--(See on
Gen 36:8). In order that he might be no obstacle to Jacob and his posterity being the exclusive heirs of Canaan.
12 I sent the hornet before you--a particular species of wasp which swarms in warm countries and sometimes assumes the scourging character of a plague; or, as many think, it is a figurative expression for uncontrollable terror (see on
Exod 23:28).
14 Now therefore fear the Lord, and serve him in sincerity and in truth--After having enumerated so many grounds for national gratitude, Joshua calls on them to declare, in a public and solemn manner, whether they will be faithful and obedient to the God of Israel. He avowed this to be his own unalterable resolution, and urged them, if they were sincere in making a similar avowal, "to put away the strange gods that were among them"--a requirement which seems to imply that some were suspected of a strong hankering for, or concealed practice of, the idolatry, whether in the form of Zabaism, the fire-worship of their Chaldean ancestors, or the grosser superstitions of the Canaanites.
26 Joshua wrote these words in the book of the law of God--registered the engagements of that solemn covenant in the book of sacred history.
took a great stone--according to the usage of ancient times to erect stone pillars as monuments of public transactions.
set it up there under an oak--or terebinth, in all likelihood, the same as that at the root of which Jacob buried the idols and charms found in his family.
that was by the sanctuary of the Lord--either the spot where the ark had stood, or else the place around, so called from that religious meeting, as Jacob named Beth-el the house of God.
29 HIS AGE AND DEATH. (
Josh 24:29-
Josh 24:30)
Joshua . . . died--LIGHTFOOT computes that he lived seventeen, others twenty-seven years, after the entrance into Canaan. He was buried, according to the Jewish practice, within the limits of his own inheritance. The eminent public services he had long rendered to Israel and the great amount of domestic comfort and national prosperity he had been instrumental in diffusing among the several tribes, were deeply felt, were universally acknowledged; and a testimonial in the form of a statue or obelisk would have been immediately raised to his honor, in all parts of the land, had such been the fashion of the times. The brief but noble epitaph by the historian is, Joshua, "the servant of the Lord."
31 Israel served the Lord all the days of Joshua--The high and commanding character of this eminent leader had given so decided a tone to the sentiments and manners of his contemporaries and the memory of his fervent piety and many virtues continued so vividly impressed on the memories of the people, that the sacred historian has recorded it to his immortal honor. "Israel served the Lord all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that overlived Joshua."
32 the bones of Joseph--They had carried these venerable relics with them in all their migrations through the desert, and deferred the burial, according to the dying charge of Joseph himself, till they arrived in the promised land. The sarcophagus, in which his mummied body had been put, was brought thither by the Israelites, and probably buried when the tribe of Ephraim had obtained their settlement, or at the solemn convocation described in this chapter.
in a parcel of ground which Jacob bought . . . for an hundred pieces of silver--Kestitah translated, "piece of silver," is supposed to mean "a lamb," the weights being in the form of lambs or kids, which were, in all probability, the earliest standard of value among pastoral people. The tomb that now covers the spot is a Mohammedan Welce, but there is no reason to doubt that the precious deposit of Joseph's remains may be concealed there at the present time.
33 Eleazar the son of Aaron died, and they buried him in . . . mount Ephraim--The sepulchre is at the modern village Awertah, which, according to Jewish travellers, contains the graves also of Ithamar, the brother of Phinehas, the son of Eleazar [VAN DE VELDE].
