1Dostal jsem slovo Hospodinovo: 2„Synu člověčí, promluv ke svým krajanům a řekni jim: Když přivedu na některou zemi meč, lid té země ze svého středu vybere jednoho muže a ustanoví si ho za strážce. 3Jakmile uvidí, že na tu zem jde meč, zatroubí na polnici a všechny varuje. 4Když někdo uslyší zvuk polnice, ale nedá na varování a ten meč přijde a zabije ho, jeho krev padne na jeho hlavu. 5Slyšel zvuk polnice, ale nedal na varování – jeho krev padne na něj. Kdyby dal na varování, mohl se zachránit. 6Pokud však strážce uvidí, že jde meč, ale nezatroubí na polnici, aby lid varoval, a meč přijde a někoho z nich zabije, pak takový zemře za své viny, ale za jeho krev budu volat k odpovědnosti toho strážce. 7Synu člověčí, ustanovil jsem tě strážcem domu Izraele. Jakmile uslyšíš slovo z mých úst, vyřiď jim mé varování. 8Když řeknu ničemovi: ‚Ničemo, musíš zemřít,‘ ale ty nepromluvíš, abys toho ničemu varoval před jeho cestou – pak ten ničema zemře za své viny, ale za jeho krev budu volat k odpovědnosti tebe. 9Pokud jsi však ničemu varoval, ať se odvrátí od své cesty, ale on se od ní neodvrátil – pak zemře za své viny, ale ty se zachráníš. 10Synu člověčí, řekni domu Izraele – Mluvíte takto: ‚Naše přestupky a hříchy na nás doléhají a skomíráme kvůli nim. Jak bychom mohli žít?‘ 11Řekni jim: Jakože jsem živ, praví Panovník Hospodin, nemám zalíbení ve smrti ničemy. Chci raději, aby se ničema od své cesty odvrátil a žil! Odvraťte se, odvraťte se od svých zlých cest! Proč máte umírat, dome Izraele? 12Synu člověčí, řekni svým krajanům: Jakmile se spravedlivý vzbouří, jeho spravedlnost ho nezachrání. Jakmile se ničema odvrátí od své ničemnosti, jeho ničemnost ho nezničí. Jakmile spravedlivý začne hřešit, nebude už moci žít ze své spravedlnosti. 13Řeknu-li spravedlivému: ‚Jistěže budeš žít,‘ a on začne spoléhat na svou spravedlnost a páchat bezpráví, žádné jeho spravedlivé skutky už nebudou vzpomenuty. Zemře kvůli bezpráví, jehož se dopustil. 14Řeknu-li ničemovi: ‚Musíš zemřít,‘ a on se od svého hříchu odvrátí a začne jednat poctivě a spravedlivě, 15takže ten ničema vrátí, co vzal do zástavy, nahradí, co uloupil, začne se řídit životodárnými pravidly a přestane páchat bezpráví – takový nezemře, takový jistě bude žít. 16Žádné hříchy, jichž se dopustil, mu nebudou připomínány. Jednal poctivě a spravedlivě – jistěže bude žít. 17Tví krajané ale říkají: ‚Hospodin je ve svém jednání vrtkavý.‘ Jsou to však oni, kdo je vrtkavý ve svém jednání! 18Když se spravedlivý odvrátí od své spravedlnosti a páchá bezpráví, musí kvůli tomu zemřít. 19Když se ničema odvrátí od své ničemnosti a jedná poctivě a spravedlivě, smí díky tomu žít. 20Vy ale říkáte: ‚Hospodin je ve svém jednání vrtkavý.‘ Budu vás soudit, dome Izraele, každého podle jeho jednání!“ 21Pátého dne desátého měsíce dvanáctého roku našeho vyhnanství ke mně přišel uprchlík z Jeruzaléma se slovy: „Město padlo!“ 22Večer před jeho příchodem na mně spočinula ruka Hospodinova, a než ke mně ten uprchlík ráno přišel, Hospodin mi otevřel ústa. Má ústa se otevřela a přestal jsem být němý. 23Dostal jsem slovo Hospodinovo: 24„Synu člověčí! Obyvatelé rozvalin v izraelské zemi říkají: ‚Abraham byl sám a získal tuto zemi. Nás je mnoho a ta země nám patří!‘ 25Nuže, řekni jim – Tak praví Panovník Hospodin: Jíte maso s krví, vzhlížíte ke svým hnusným modlám, proléváte krev, a ještě chcete vládnout zemi? 26Spoléháte se na svůj meč, pácháte ohavnost, kdekdo przní manželku svého bližního, a ještě chcete vládnout zemi? 27Řekni jim – Tak praví Panovník Hospodin: Jakože jsem živ, ti, kdo jsou v rozvalinách, padnou mečem; ty, kdo jsou na venkově, dám za potravu zvěři a ti, kdo se opevnili ve skalách a jeskyních, pomřou morem. 28Obrátím tu zem v nejpustější pustinu a její pyšná moc tehdy skončí. Izraelské hory natolik zpustnou, že tudy nikdo ani nepůjde. 29Obrátím tu zem v nejpustější pustinu kvůli všem ohavnostem, které páchali, a tehdy poznají, že já jsem Hospodin. 30Synu člověčí! Tví krajané si o tobě povídají mezi zdmi i u dveří a jedni druhým říkají: ‚Pojďte, poslechneme si, jaké slovo přišlo od Hospodina.‘ 31Přichází jich k tobě celé zástupy a sedají si před tebou jako můj lid, aby si poslechli tvá slova, ale nejednají podle nich. Ústa mají plná vroucí lásky, v srdci však následují mrzký zisk. 32Nejsi pro ně víc než zpěvák milostných písní, co umí krásně zpívat a pěkně hrát; vyslechnou si tvá slova, ale nejednají podle nich. 33Až to však přijde – a hle, už to přichází – tehdy poznají, že měli mezi sebou proroka.“
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 2 RENEWAL OF EZEKIEL'S COMMISSION, NOW THAT HE IS AGAIN TO ADDRESS HIS COUNTRYMEN, AND IN A NEW TONE. (Eze. 33:1-33)
to the children of thy people--whom he had been forbidden to address from
Ezek 24:26-
Ezek 24:27, till Jerusalem was overthrown, and the "escaped" came with tidings of the judgment being completed. So now, in
Ezek 33:21, the tidings of the fact having arrived, he opens his heretofore closed lips to the Jews. In the interval he had prophesied as to foreign nations. The former part of the chapter, at Eze. 33:2-20, seems to have been imparted to Ezekiel on the evening previous (
Ezek 33:22), being a preparation for the latter part (
Ezek 33:23-
Ezek 33:33) imparted after the tidings had come. This accounts for the first part standing without intimation of the date, which was properly reserved for the latter part, to which the former was the anticipatory introduction [FAIRBAIRN].
watchman--
Ezek 33:1-
Ezek 33:9 exhibit Ezekiel's office as a spiritual watchman; so in
Ezek 3:16-
Ezek 3:21; only here the duties of the earthly watchman (compare
2Sam 18:24-25;
2Kgs 9:17) are detailed first, and then the application is made to the spiritual watchman's duty (compare
Isa 21:6-
Isa 21:10;
Hos 9:8;
Hab 2:1). "A man of their coasts" is a man specially chosen for the office out of their whole number. So
Judg 18:2, "five men from their coasts"; also the Hebrew of
Gen 47:2; implying the care needed in the choice of the watchman, the spiritual as well as the temporal (
Acts 1:21-
Acts 1:22,
Acts 1:24-
Acts 1:26;
1Tim 5:22).
3 the sword--invaders. An appropriate illustration at the time of the invasion of Judea by Nebuchadnezzar.
4 blood . . . upon his own head--metaphor from sacrificial victims, on the heads of which they used to lay their hands, praying that their guilt should be upon the victims.
6 his iniquity--his negligence in not maintaining constant watchfulness, as they who are in warfare ought to do. The thing signified here appears from under the image.
7 I have set thee a watchman--application of the image. Ezekiel's appointment to be a watchman spiritually is far more solemn, as it is derived from God, not from the people.
8 thou shalt surely die--by a violent death, the earnest of everlasting death; the qualification being supposed, "if thou dost not repent."
9 Blood had by this time been shed (
Ezek 33:21), but Ezekiel was clear.
10 be upon us--that is, their guilt remain on us.
pine away in them--if we suffer the penalty threatened for them in
Ezek 24:23, according to the law (
Lev 26:39).
how should we . . . live?--as Thou dost promise in
Ezek 33:5 (compare
Ezek 37:11;
Isa 49:14).
11 To meet the Jews' cry of despair in
Ezek 33:10, Ezekiel here cheers them by the assurance that God has no pleasure in their death, but that they should repent and live (
2Pet 3:9). A yearning tenderness manifests itself here, notwithstanding all their past sins; yet with it a holiness that abates nothing of its demands for the honor of God's authority. God's righteousness is vindicated as in
Ezek 3:18-
Ezek 3:21 and Eze. 18:1-32, by the statement that each should be treated with the closest adaptation of God's justice to his particular case.
12 not fall . . . in the day that he turneth-- (
2Chr 7:14; see
Ezek 3:20;
Ezek 18:24).
15 give again that he had robbed-- (
Luke 19:8).
statutes of life--in the obeying of which life is promised (
Lev 18:5). If the law has failed to give life to man, it has not been the fault of the law, but of man's sinful inability to keep it (
Rom 7:10,
Rom 7:12;
Gal 3:21). It becomes life-giving through Christ's righteous obedience to it (
2Cor 3:6).
17 The way of the Lord--The Lord's way of dealing in His moral government.
21 twelfth year . . . tenth month--a year and a half after the capture of the city (
Jer 39:2;
Jer 52:5-
Jer 52:6), in the eleventh year and fourth month. The one who escaped (as foretold,
Ezek 24:26) may have been so long on the road through fear of entering the enemy's country [HENDERSON]; or, the singular is used for the plural in a collective sense, "the escaped remnant." Compare similar phrases, "the escaped of Moab,"
Isa 15:9; "He that escapeth of them,"
Amos 9:1. Naturally the reopening of the prophet's mouth for consolation would be deferred till the number of the escaped remnant was complete: the removal of such a large number would easily have occupied seventeen or eighteen months.
22 in the evening--(see on
Ezek 33:2). Thus the capture of Jerusalem was known to Ezekiel by revelation before the messenger came.
my mouth . . . no more dumb--that is, to my countrymen; as foretold (
Ezek 24:27), He spake (Eze. 33:2-20) in the evening before the tidings came.
24 they that inhabit . . . wastes of . . . Israel--marking the blindness of the fraction of Jews under Gedaliah who, though dwelling amidst regions laid waste by the foe, still cherished hopes of deliverance, and this without repentance.
Abraham was one . . . but we are many--If God gave the land for an inheritance to Abraham, who was but one (
Isa 51:2), much more it is given to us, who, though reduced, are still many. If he, with 318 servants, was able to defend himself amid so many foes, much more shall we, so much more numerous, retain our own. The grant of the land was not for his sole use, but for his numerous posterity.
inherited the land--not actually possessed it (
Acts 7:5), but had the right of dwelling and pasturing his flocks in it [GROTIUS]. The Jews boasted similarly of their Abrahamic descent in
Matt 3:9 and
John 8:39.
25 eat with the blood--in opposition to the law (
Lev 19:26; compare
Gen 9:4). They did so as an idolatrous rite.
26 Ye stand upon your sword--Your dependence is, not on right and equity, but on force and arms.
every one--Scarcely anyone refrains from adultery.
27 shall fall by the sword--The very object of their confidence would be the instrument of their destruction. Thinking to "stand" by it, by it they shall "fall." Just retribution! Some fell by the sword of Ishmael; others by the Chaldeans in revenge for the murder of Gedaliah (Jer. 40:1-44:30).
caves-- (
Judg 6:2;
1Sam 13:6). In the hilly parts of Judea there were caves almost inaccessible, as having only crooked and extremely narrow paths of ascent, with rock in front stretching down into the valleys beneath perpendicularly [JOSEPHUS, Wars of the Jews, 1.16.4].
28 most desolate-- (
Jer 4:27;
Jer 12:11).
none . . . pass through--from fear of wild beasts and pestilence [GROTIUS].
30 Not only the remnant in Judea, but those at the Chebar, though less flagrantly, betrayed the same unbelieving spirit.
talking against thee--Though going to the prophet to hear the word of the Lord, they criticised, in an unfriendly spirit, his peculiarities of manner and his enigmatical style (
Ezek 20:49); making these the excuse for their impenitence. Their talking was not directly "against" Ezekiel, for they professed to like his ministrations; but God's word speaks of things as they really are, not as they appear.
by the walls--in the public haunts. In the East groups assemble under the walls of their houses in winter for conversation.
in the doors--privately.
what is the word--Their motive was curiosity, seeking pastime and gratification of the ear (
2Tim 4:3); not reformation of the heart. Compare Johanan's consultation of Jeremiah, to hear the word of the Lord without desiring to do it (Jer. 42:1-43:13).
31 as the people cometh--that is, in crowds, as disciples flock to their teacher.
sit before thee--on lower seats at thy feet, according to the Jewish custom of pupils (
Deut 33:3;
2Kgs 4:38;
Luke 10:39;
Acts 22:3).
as my people--though they are not.
hear . . . not do-- (
Matt 13:20-
Matt 13:21;
Jas 1:23-
Jas 1:24).
they show much love--literally, "make love," that is, act the part of lovers. Profess love to the Lord (
Matt 7:21). GESENIUS translates, according to Arabic idiom, "They do the delights of God," that is, all that is agreeable to God. Vulgate translates, "They turn thy words into a song of their mouths."
heart goeth after . . . covetousness--the grand rival to the love of God; therefore called "idolatry," and therefore associated with impure carnal love, as both alike transfer the heart's affection from the Creator to the creature (
Matt 13:22;
Eph 5:5;
1Tim 6:10).
32 very lovely song--literally, a "song of loves": a lover's song. They praise thy eloquence, but care not for the subject of it as a real and personal thing; just as many do in the modern church [JEROME].
play well on an instrument--Hebrew singers accompanied the "voice" with the harp.
33 when this cometh to pass--when My predictions are verified.
lo, it will come--rather, "lo it is come" (see
Ezek 33:22).
know--experimentally, and to their cost.
Having in the thirty-third chapter laid down repentance as the necessary preliminary to happier times for the people, He now promises the removal of the false shepherds as preparatory to the raising up of the Good Shepherd.
