1Řekl pak Samuel Saulovi: Hospodin poslal mne, abych tě pomazal za krále nad lidem jeho, nad Izraelem, pozorujž tedy nyní hlasu slov Hospodinových. 2Takto praví Hospodin zástupů: Rozpomenul jsem se na to, co jest činil Amalech Izraelovi, že se položil proti němu na cestě, když se bral z Egypta. 3Protož i hned táhni a zkaz Amalecha, a zahlaďte jako proklaté všecko, což má. Neslitovávejž se nad ním, ale zahub od muže až do ženy, od malého až do toho, kterýž prsí požívá, od vola také až do ovce, a od velblouda až do osla. 4Sebral tedy Saul lid, a sečtl je v Telaim, dvakrát sto tisíc pěších, a deset tisíc mužů Judských. 5A přitáhl Saul až k městu Amalechovu, aby bojoval v údolí jeho. 6I řekl Saul Cinejským: Jděte, oddělte se, vyjděte z prostředku Amalechitských, abych vás s nimi nezahladil; nebo vy jste učinili milosrdenství se všemi syny Izraelskými, když šli z Egypta. A tak odšel Cinejský z prostředku Amalecha. 7I porazil Saul Amalecha od Hevilah, kudy se chodí do Sur, kteréž jest naproti Egyptu. 8Jal také Agaga krále Amalechitského živého, lid pak všecken vyhladil ostrostí meče. 9I zachoval Saul a lid jeho Agaga, a nejlepší bravy a skoty a krmný dobytek, a berany i všecko, což lepšího bylo, a nechtěli vyhubiti jich; což pak bylo ničemného a churavého, to zahubili. 10A protož stalo se slovo Hospodinovo k Samuelovi, řkoucí: 11Žel mi, že jsem Saule ustanovil za krále, nebo odvrátil se ode mne, a slov mých nevyplnil. I rozhorlil se Samuel náramně a volal k Hospodinu celou noc. 12Vstav pak Samuel, šel vstříc Saulovi ráno. I oznámili Samuelovi, řkouce: Saul přišel na Karmel, a aj, připravil sobě místo, a odtud hnuv se, táhl a sstoupil do Galgala. 13A když přišel Samuel k Saulovi, řekl jemu Saul: Požehnaný ty od Hospodina, vyplnil jsem slovo Hospodinovo. 14Samuel pak řekl: Jaké pak jest to bečení ovcí těch v uších mých, a řvání volů, kteréž já slyším? 15Odpověděl Saul: Od Amalechitských přihnali je; nebo zachoval lid, což nejlepšího bylo z bravů a skotů, aby to obětoval Hospodinu Bohu tvému, ostatek pak jsme zahladili jako proklaté. 16I řekl Samuel Saulovi: Dopusť, ať oznámím tobě, co jest mi mluvil Hospodin noci této. Dí jemu: Oznam. 17Tedy řekl Samuel: Zdali jsi nebyl maličký sám u sebe? A předce učiněn jsi hlavou pokolení Izraelských, a pomazal tě Hospodin za krále nad Izraelem. 18A poslal tě Hospodin na cestu a řekl tobě: Jdi, zahub jako proklaté hříšníky ty Amalechitské, a bojuj proti nim, dokudž byste nevyhladili jich. 19Pročež jsi tedy neuposlechl hlasu Hospodinova, ale obrátil jsi se k loupeži, a učinils zlou věc před očima Hospodinovýma? 20Odpověděl Saul Samuelovi: Však jsem uposlechl hlasu Hospodinova, a šel jsem cestou, kterouž poslal mne Hospodin, a přivedl jsem Agaga krále Amalechitského, i Amalechitské jako proklaté vyhubil jsem. 21Ale lid vzal z loupeží bravy a skoty přední z věcí proklatých, k obětování Hospodinu Bohu tvému v Galgala. 22I řekl Samuel: Zdaliž líbost takovou má Hospodin v zápalích a v obětech, jako když se poslušenství koná hlasu Hospodinova? Aj, poslouchati lépe jest, nežli obětovati, a ku poslušenství státi, nežli tuk skopců přinášeti. 23Nebo zpoura jest takový hřích jako čarodějnictví, a přestoupiti přikázaní jako modlářství a obrazové. Poněvadž jsi pak zavrhl řeč Hospodinovu, i on také zavrhl tě, abys nebyl králem. 24Tedy řekl Saul Samuelovi: Zhřešil jsem, že jsem přestoupil rozkaz Hospodinův a slova tvá, nebo jsem se bál lidu, a povolil jsem hlasu jejich. 25Protož nyní odpusť, prosím, hřích můj, a navrať se se mnou, ať se pomodlím Hospodinu. 26I řekl Samuel Saulovi: Nenavrátím se s tebou; nebo jsi zavrhl řeč Hospodinovu, tebe také zavrhl Hospodin, abys nebyl králem nad Izraelem. 27A když se obrátil Samuel, aby odšel, Saul uchytil křídlo pláště jeho, i odtrhlo se. 28Tedy řekl jemu Samuel: Odtrhlť jest Hospodin království Izraelské dnes od tebe, a dal je bližnímu tvému, lepšímu, než jsi ty. 29Však proto vítěz Izraelský klamati nebude, ani želeti; nebo není člověkem, aby měl čeho želeti. 30On pak řekl: Zhřešilť jsem, ale vždy mne cti, prosím, před staršími lidu mého a před Izraelem, a navrať se se mnou, abych se pomodlil Hospodinu Bohu tvému. 31I navrátiv se Samuel, šel za Saulem, a pomodlil se Saul Hospodinu. 32Řekl pak Samuel: Přiveďte ke mně Agaga, krále Amalechitského. I šel k němu Agag nádherně; nebo řekl Agag: Jistě odešla hořkost smrti. 33Ale Samuel řekl: Jakož uvedl sirobu na ženy meč tvůj, takť osiří matka tvá nad jiné ženy. I rozsekal Samuel Agaga na kusy před Hospodinem v Galgala. 34Potom odšel Samuel do Ráma, Saul pak vstoupil do domu svého, do Gabaa Saulova. 35A již potom více Samuel neviděl Saule až do dne smrti své; však plakal Samuel Saule. Hospodin pak želel toho, že učinil Saule králem nad Izraelem.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 SAUL SENT TO DESTROY AMALEK. (
1Sam 15:1-6)
Samuel also said unto Saul, The Lord sent me to anoint thee . . .: now therefore hearken thou unto . . . the Lord--Several years had been passed in successful military operations against troublesome neighbors. During these Saul had been left to act in a great measure at his own discretion as an independent prince. Now a second test is proposed of his possessing the character of a theocratic monarch in Israel; and in announcing the duty required of him, Samuel brought before him his official station as the Lord's vicegerent, and the peculiar obligation under which he was laid to act in that capacity. He had formerly done wrong, for which a severe rebuke and threatening were administered to him (
1Sam 13:13-14). Now an opportunity was afforded him of retrieving that error by an exact obedience to the divine command.
2 Amalek--the powerful tribe which inhabited the country immediately to the eastward of the northern Cushites. Their territory extended over the whole of the eastern portion of the desert of Sinai to Rephidim--the earliest opponent (
Deut 25:18;
Exod 17:8-
Exod 17:16) --the hereditary and restless enemy of Israel (
Num 14:45;
Judg 3:13;
Judg 6:3), and who had not repented (
1Sam 14:48) of their bitter and sleepless hatred during the five hundred years that had elapsed since their doom was pronounced. Being a people of nomadic habits, they were as plundering and dangerous as the Bedouin Arabs, particularly to the southern tribes. The national interest required, and God, as KING OF ISRAEL, decreed that this public enemy should be removed. Their destruction was to be without reservation or exception.
I remember--I am reminded of what Amalek did--perhaps by the still remaining trophy or memorial erected by Moses (
Exod 17:15-
Exod 17:16).
4 Saul gathered the people together--The alacrity with which he entered on the necessary preparations for the expedition gave a fair, but delusive promise of faithfulness in its execution.
Telaim--or Telem, among the uttermost cities of the tribe of Judah towards the coast of Edom (
Josh 15:21,
Josh 15:24).
5 Saul came to a city of Amalek--probably their capital.
laid wait in the valley--following the strategic policy of Joshua at Ai (
Josh 8:4).
6 Kenites--(See on
Judg 1:16). In consequence, probably, of the unsettled state of Judah, they seem to have returned to their old desert tracts. Though now intermingled with the Amalekites, they were not implicated in the offenses of that wicked race; but for the sake of their ancestors, between whom and those of Israel there had been a league of amity, a timely warning was afforded them to remove from the scene of danger.
7 HE SPARES AGAG AND THE BEST OF THE SPOIL. (
1Sam 15:7-9)
Saul smote the Amalekites--His own view of the proper and expedient course to follow was his rule, not the command of God.
8 he took Agag . . . alive--This was the common title of the Amalekite kings. He had no scruple about the apparent cruelty of it, for he made fierce and indiscriminate havoc of the people. But he spared Agag, probably to enjoy the glory of displaying so distinguished a captive, and, in like manner, the most valuable portions of the booty, as the cattle. By this wilful and partial obedience to a positive command [
1Sam 15:3], complying with it in some parts and violating it in others, as suited his own taste and humor, Saul showed his selfish, arbitrary temper, and his love of despotic power, and his utter unfitness to perform the duties of a delegated king in Israel.
10 GOD REJECTS HIS FOR DISOBEDIENCE. (
1Sam 15:10-11)
Then came the word of the Lord unto Samuel, saying, It repenteth me that I have set up Saul--Repentance is attributed in Scripture to Him when bad men give Him cause to alter His course and method of procedure, and to treat them as if He did "repent" of kindness shown. To the heart of a man like Samuel, who was above all envious considerations, and really attached to the king, so painful an announcement moved all his pity and led him to pass a sleepless night of earnest intercession.
12 Saul came to Carmel--in the south of Judah (
Josh 15:55;
1Sam 25:2).
he set him up a place--that is, a pillar (
2Sam 18:18); literally, a hand, indicating that whatever was the form of the monument, it was surmounted, according to the ancient fashion, by the figure of a hand, the symbol of power and energy. The erection of this vainglorious trophy was an additional act of disobedience. His pride had overborne his sense of duty in first raising this monument to his own honor, and then going to Gilgal to offer sacrifice to God.
13 Saul said unto him, Blessed be thou of the Lord: I have performed the commandment of the Lord--Saul was either blinded by a partial and delusive self-love, or he was, in his declaration to Samuel, acting the part of a bold and artful hypocrite. He professed to have fulfilled the divine command, and that the blame of any defects in the execution lay with the people. Samuel saw the real state of the case, and in discharge of the commission he had received before setting out, proceeded to denounce his conduct as characterized by pride, rebellion, and obstinate disobedience. When Saul persisted in declaring that he had obeyed, alleging that the animals, whose bleating was heard, had been reserved for a liberal sacrifice of thanksgiving to God, his shuffling, prevaricating answer called forth a stern rebuke from the prophet. It well deserved it--for the destination of the spoil to the altar was a flimsy pretext--a gross deception, an attempt to conceal the selfishness of the original motive under the cloak of religious zeal and gratitude.
24 I have sinned . . . turn again with me, that I may worship the Lord--The erring, but proud and obstinate monarch was now humbled. He was conscience-smitten for the moment, but his confession proceeded not from sincere repentance, but from a sense of danger and desire of averting the sentence denounced against him. For the sake of public appearance, he besought Samuel not to allow their serious differences to transpire, but to join with him in a public act of worship. Under the influence of his painfully agitated feelings, he designed to offer sacrifice, partly to express his gratitude for the recent victory, and partly to implore mercy and a reversal of his doom. It was, from another angle, a politic scheme, that Samuel might be betrayed into a countenancing of his design in reserving the cattle for sacrificing. Samuel declined to accompany him.
I feared the people, and obeyed their voice--This was a different reason from the former he had assigned. It was the language of a man driven to extremities, and even had it been true, the principles expounded by Samuel showed that it could have been no extenuation of the offense. The prophet then pronounced the irreversible sentence of the rejection of Saul and his family. He was judicially cut off for his disobedience.
27 he laid hold upon the skirt of his mantle--the moil, upper tunic, official robe. In an agony of mental excitement, he took hold of the prophet's dress to detain him; the rending of the mantle [
1Sam 15:27] was adroitly pointed to as a significant and mystical representation of his severance from the throne.
29 the Strength of Israel will not lie--Hebrew, "He that gives a victory to Israel," a further rebuke of his pride in rearing the Carmel trophy, and an intimation that no loss would be sustained in Israel by his rejection.
31 Samuel turned again after Saul--not to worship along with him; but first, that the people might have no ground, on pretense of Saul's rejection, to withdraw their allegiance from him; and secondly, to compensate for Saul's error, by executing God's judgment upon Agag.
32 Agag came unto him delicately--or cheerfully, since he had gained the favor and protection of the king.
33 Samuel hewed Agag--This cruel tyrant met the retribution of a righteous Providence. Never has it been unusual for great or official personages in the East to perform executions with their own hands. Samuel did it "before the Lord" in Gilgal, appointing that same mode of punishment (hitherto unknown in Israel) to be used towards him, which he had formerly used towards others.
