1Chválu vzdejte Hospodinu, protože je dobrý, vždyť jeho milosrdenství je věčné! 2Tak ať řeknou Hospodinovi vykoupení, ti, které vykoupil z ruky protivníka. 3Shromáždil je ze zemí, od východu i od západu, od severu i od moře. 4Bloudili pouští, pustou krajinou, cestu do města, kde by mohli sídlit, však nenalezli. 5Hladověli a žíznili, klesali na duši. 6Když ale ve své tísni úpěnlivě volali k Hospodinu, vysvobozoval je z jejich úzkostí 7a vedl je přímou cestou, až přišli do města, kde mohli sídlit. 8Ať vzdávají Hospodinu chválu za jeho milosrdenství a za divy, které pro lidi koná: 9Duši lačnou nasytil a duši hladovou naplnil dobrými věcmi. 10Seděli v temnotách, v nejhlubší tmě, uvězněni v soužení i v okovech, 11neboť se vzepřeli řeči Boží a pohrdli úradkem Nejvyššího. 12Pokořil tedy jejich srdce trápením; padli, a pomocníka nebylo. 13Když ale ve své tísni úpěnlivě volali k Hospodinu, zachránil je z jejich úzkostí. 14Vyvedl je z temnoty, z nejhlubší tmy, a zpřetrhal jejich pouta. 15Ať vzdávají Hospodinu chválu za jeho milosrdenství a za divy, které pro lidi koná: 16Neboť rozlámal bronzová vrata a rozbil železné závory. 17Hlupáci bývají pokořeni pro svou věrolomnou cestu a pro své viny. 18Jejich duše si ošklivila veškerý pokrm, dospěli až k branám smrti. 19Když ale ve své tísni úpěnlivě volali k Hospodinu, zachránil je z jejich úzkostí. 20Poslal své slovo a uzdravil je; zachránil je z jámy. 21Ať vzdávají Hospodinu chválu za jeho milosrdenství a za divy, které pro lidi koná; 22ať obětují oběti díků a s jásotem vyprávějí o jeho skutcích! 23Ti, kdo se na lodích vydali na moře, kdo konali práci na velkých vodách, 24ti viděli Hospodinovy skutky a jeho divy na hlubině: 25Promluvil a povstal bouřlivý vichr, který zvedal vlny. 26Stoupali k nebi, klesali do hlubin, jejich duše se v té zhoubě rozplývaly. 27Motali se, potáceli se jako opilec. A veškerá jejich moudrost byla k ničemu. 28Když ale ve své tísni úpěnlivě volají k Hospodinu, vyvádí je z jejich úzkostí. 29Proměnil bouři v utišení, vlnobití utichlo. 30Oni se radovali, že utichlo, a on dovedl je do vytouženého přístavu. 31Ať vzdávají Hospodinu chválu za jeho milosrdenství a za divy, které pro lidi koná. 32Ať ho vyvyšují v shromáždění lidu, v zasedání starších ať ho chválí. 33Proměňuje řeky v pustinu, prameny vod ve vyprahlou zemi, 34úrodnou zemi v slatinu — pro zlo těch, kdo v ní sídlí. 35Pustinu mění v jezero, vyprahlou zemi v prameny vod, 36a usazuje tam vyčerpané, aby tam založili město, kde by mohli sídlit. 37Oseli pole, vysadili vinice — a sklidili úrodu plodin. 38Bůh jim žehnal a velmi se rozmnožili; nedovoloval, aby jejich dobytka ubývalo. 39Jich však ubývalo a klesali pod hrozným a bolestným útlakem, 40když Bůh vylil pohrdání na šlechtice a nechal je bloudit v pustém bezcestí. 41Nuzného však uvedl do bezpečí před soužením a rodiny rozmnožil jako stádo. 42Přímí to vidí a radují se, ale každá podlost zavírá ústa. 43Kdo je moudrý, bude tyto věci zachovávat a porozumí Hospodinovým milosrdným činům.
Matthew Henry - Complete Commentary 1 Here is, I. A general call to all to give thanks to God,
Pss 107:1. Let all that sing this psalm, or pray over it, set themselves herein to
give thanks to the Lord; and those that have not any special matter for praise may furnish themselves with matter enough from God's universal goodness. In the fountain
he is good; in the streams
his mercy endures for ever and never fails.
II. A particular demand hereof from
the redeemed of the Lord, which may well be applied spiritually to those that have an interest in the great Redeemer and are saved by him from sin and hell. They have, of all people, most reason to say that God is good, and his mercy everlasting; these are the
children of God that were scattered abroad, whom Christ died to
gather together in one, out of all lands,
John 11:52;
Matt 24:31. But it seems here to be meant of a temporal deliverance, wrought for them when in their distress
they cried unto the Lord, Pss 107:6.
Is any afflicted? Let him pray. Does any pray? God will certainly hear and help. When troubles become extreme that is man's time to cry; those who but whispered prayer before then cry aloud, and then it is God's time to succour. In the mount he will be seen. 1. They were in an enemy's country, but God wrought out their rescue:
He redeemed them from the hand of the enemy (
Pss 107:2), not by
might or power, it may be (
Zech 4:6), nor by
price or reward (
Isa 45:13),
but by the Spirit of God working on the spirits of men. 2. They were dispersed as out-casts, but God gathered them out of all the countries whither they were scattered in the cloudy and dark day, that they might again be incorporated,
Pss 107:3. See
Deut 30:4;
Ezek 34:12. God knows those that are his, and where to find them. 3. They were bewildered, had no road to travel in, no dwelling place to rest in,
Pss 107:4.
When they were redeemed out of the
hand of the enemy, and gathered out of the lands, they were in danger of perishing in their return home through the dry and barren deserts.
They wandered in the wilderness, where there was no trodden path, no company, but
a solitary way, no lodging, no conveniences, no accommodations, no inhabited city where they might have quarters or refreshment. But
God led them forth by the right way (
Pss 107:7), directed them to an inn, nay, directed them to a home,
that they might go to a city of habitation, which was inhabited, nay which them themselves should inhabit. This may refer to poor travellers in general, those particularly whose way lay through the wilds of Arabia, where we may suppose they were often at a loss; and yet many in that distress were wonderfully relieved, so that few perished. Note, We ought to take notice of the good hand of God's providence over us in our journeys, going out and coming in, directing us in our way, and providing for us places both to bait in and rest in. Or (as some think) it has an eye to the wanderings of the children of Israel in the wilderness for forty years; it is said (
Deut 32:10),
God led them about, and yet here
he led them by the right way. God's way, though to us it seems about, will appear at last to have been the right way. It is applicable to our condition in this world; we are here as in a wilderness, have here
no continuing city, but dwell in tents as strangers and pilgrims. But we are under the guidance of his wise and good providence, and, if we commit ourselves to it, we shall be
led in the right way to the city that has foundations. 4. They were ready to perish for hunger (
Pss 107:5):
Their soul even fainted in them. They were spent with the fatigues of their journey and ready to drop down for want of refreshment. Those that have constant plenty, and are every day fed to the full, know not what a miserable case it is to be
hungry and thirsty, and to have no supply. This was sometimes the case of Israel in the wilderness, and perhaps of other poor travellers; but God's providence finds out ways to
satisfy the longing soul and fill the hungry soul with goodness, Pss 107:9. Israel's wants were seasonably supplied, and many have been wonderfully relieved when they were ready to perish. The same God that has led us has fed us all our life long unto this day, has fed us with food convenient, has provided food for the soul,
and filled the hungry soul with goodness. Those that hunger and thirst after righteousness, after God, the living God, and communion with him, shall be abundantly
replenished with the goodness of his house, both in grace and glory. Now for all this those who receive mercy are called upon to return thanks (
Pss 107:8):
Oh that men (it is meant especially of those men whom God has graciously relieved)
would praise the Lord for his goodness to them in particular,
and for his wonderful works to others of
the children of men! Note, (1.) God's works of mercy are wonderful works, works of wonderful power considering the weakness, and of wonderful grace considering the unworthiness, of those he shows mercy to. (2.) It is expected of those who receive mercy from God that they return praise to him. (3.) We must acknowledge God's goodness to the children of men as well as to the children of God, to others as well as to ourselves.
10 We are to take notice of the goodness of God towards prisoners and captives. Observe, 1. A description of this affliction. Prisoners are said to
sit in darkness (
Pss 107:10), in dark dungeons, close prisons, which intimates that they are desolate and disconsolate; they sit
in the shadow of death, which intimates not only great distress and trouble, but great danger. Prisoners are many times appointed to die; they sit despairing to get out, but resolving to make the best of it. They are
bound in affliction, and many times
in iron, as Joseph. Thus sore a calamity is imprisonment, which should make us prize liberty, and be thankful for it. 2. The cause of this affliction,
Pss 107:11. It is
because they rebelled against the words of God. Wilful sin is rebellion against the words of God; it is a contradiction to his truths and a violation of his laws.
They contemned the counsel of the Most High, and thought they neither needed it nor could be the better for it; and those that will not be counselled cannot be helped. Those that despise prophesying, that regard not the admonitions of their own consciences nor the just reproofs of their friends, contemn the counsel of the Most High, and for this they are bound in affliction, both to punish them for and to reclaim them from their rebellions. 3. The design of this affliction, and that is to bring
down their heart (
Pss 107:12), to humble them for sin, to make them low in their own eyes, to cast down every high, proud, aspiring thought. Afflicting providences must be improved as humbling providences; and we not only lose the benefit of them, but thwart God's designs and walk contrary to him in them if our hearts be unhumbled and unbroken, as high and hard as ever under them. Is the estate brought down with labour, the honour sunk? Have those that exalted themselves fallen down, and is there none to help them? Let this bring down the spirit to confess sin, to accept the punishment of it, and humbly to sue for mercy and grace. 4. The duty of this afflicted state, and that is to pray (
Pss 107:13):
Then they cried unto the Lord in their trouble, though before perhaps they had neglected him. Prisoners have time to pray, who, when they were at liberty, could not find time; they see they have need of God's help, though formerly they thought they could do well enough without him. Sense will make men cry when they are in trouble, but grace will direct them to cry unto the Lord, from whom the affliction comes and who alone can remove it. 5. Their deliverance out of the affliction:
They cried unto the Lord, and he saved them, Pss 107:13.
He brought them out of darkness into light, welcome light, and then doubly sweet and pleasant,
brought them out of the shadow of death to the comforts of life, and their liberty was to them life from the dead,
Pss 107:14. Were they
fettered? He broke their bands asunder. Were they imprisoned in strong castles?
He broke the gates of brass and the
bars of iron wherewith those gates were made fast; he did not put back, but
cut in sunder. Note, When God will work deliverance the greatest difficulties that lie in the way shall be made nothing of. Gates of brass and bars of iron, as they cannot keep him out from him people (he was with Joseph in the prison), so they cannot keep them in when the time, the set-time, for their enlargement, comes. 6. The return that is required from those whose bands God has loosed (
Pss 107:15):
Let them praise the Lord for his goodness, and take occasion from their own experience of it, and share in it, to bless him for that goodness which the earth is full of,
the world and those that dwell therein. 17 Bodily sickness is another of the calamities of this life which gives us an opportunity of experiencing the goodness of God in recovering us, and of that the psalmist speaks in these verses, where we may observe,
I. That we, by our sins, bring sickness upon ourselves and then it is our duty to pray,
Pss 107:17-
Pss 107:19. 1. It is the sin of the soul that is the cause of sickness; we bring it upon ourselves both meritoriously and efficiently:
Fools, because of their transgression, are thus afflicted; they are thus corrected for the sins they have committed and thus cured of their evil inclinations to sin. If we knew no sin, we should know no sickness; but the transgression of our life, and the iniquity of our heart, make it necessary. Sinners are fools; they wrong themselves, and all against their own interest, not only their spiritual, but their secular interest. They prejudice their bodily health by intemperance and endanger their lives by indulging their appetites. This their way is their folly, and they need the rod of correction to drive out the foolishness that is bound up in their hearts. 2. The weakness of the body is the effect of sickness,
Pss 107:18. When people are sick
their soul abhors all manner of meat; they not only have no desire to eat nor power to digest it, but they nauseate it, and their stomach is turned against it. And here they may read their sin in their punishment: those that doted most on the meat that perishes, when they come to be sick are sick of it, and the dainties they loved are loathed; what they took too much of now they can take nothing of, which commonly follows upon the overcharging of the heart with surfeiting and drunkenness. And when the appetite is gone the life is as good as gone:
They draw near unto the gates of death; they are, in their own apprehension and in the apprehension of all about them, at the brink of the grave, as ready to be turned to destruction. 3. Then is a proper time for prayer:
Then they cry unto the Lord, Pss 107:19. Is any sick? Let him pray; let him be prayed for. Prayer is a salve for every sore.
II. That it is by the power and mercy of God that we are recovered from sickness, and then it is our duty to be thankful. Compare with this
Job 33:18,
Job 33:28. 1. When those that are sick call upon God he returns them an answer of peace. They cry unto him and he
saves them out of their distresses (
Pss 107:19); he removes their griefs and prevents their fears. (1.) He does it easily:
He sent his word and healed them, Pss 107:20. This may be applied to the miraculous cures which Christ wrought when he was upon earth, by a word's speaking; he said,
Be clean, Be whole, and the work was done. It may also be applied to the spiritual cures which the Spirit of grace works in regeneration; he sends his word, and heals souls, convinces, converts, sanctifies them, and all by the word. In the common instances of recovery from sickness God in his providence does but speak, and it is done. (2.) He does it effectually:
He delivereth them out of their destructions, that they shall neither be destroyed nor distressed with the fear of being so. Nothing is too hard for that God to do who kills and makes alive again, brings down to the grave and raises up, who
turneth man almost
to destruction, and yet saith,
Return. 2. When those that have been sick are restored they must return to God an answer of praise (
Pss 107:21,
Pss 107:22):
Let all men praise the Lord for his goodness, and let those, particularly, to whom God has thus granted a new life, spend it in his service;
let them sacrifice with thanksgiving, not only bring a thank-offering to the altar, but a thankful heart to God. Thanksgivings are the best thank-offerings, and shall please the Lord better than an ox or bullock.
And let them declare his works with rejoicing, to his honour and for the encouragement of others.
The living, the living, they shall praise him. 23 The psalmist here calls upon those to give glory to God who are delivered from dangers at sea. Though the Israelites dealt not much in merchandise, yet their neighbours the Tyrians and Zidonians did, and for them perhaps this part of the psalm was especially calculated.
I. Much of the power of God appears at all times in the sea,
Pss 107:23,
Pss 107:24. It appears to those
that go down to the sea in ships, as mariners, merchants, fishermen, or passengers,
that do business in great waters. And surely none will expose themselves there but those that have business (among all Solomon's pleasant things we do not read of any pleasure-boat he had), but those that go on business, lawful business, may, in faith, put themselves under the divine protection.
These see the works of the Lord, and his wonders, which are the more surprising, because most are born and bred upon land, and what passes at sea is new to them. The deep itself is a wonder, its vastness, its saltness, its ebbing and flowing. The great variety of living creatures in the sea is wonderful. Let those that go to sea be led, by all the wonders they observe there, to consider and adore the infinite perfections of that God whose the sea is, for he made it and manages it.
II. It especially appears in storms at sea, which are much more terrible than at land. Observe here, 1. How dangerous and dreadful a tempest at sea is.
Then wonders begin to appear in the deep, when God
commands and raises the strong
wind, which
fulfils his word, Pss 148:8. He raises the winds, as a prince by his commission raises forces. Satan pretends to be the
prince of the power of the air; but he is a pretender; the powers of the air are at God's command, not at his. When the wind becomes stormy it
lifts up the waves of the sea,
Pss 107:25. Then the ships are kicked like tennis-balls on the tops of the waves; they seem to
mount up to the heavens, and then they couch again, as if they would
go down to the depths, Pss 107:26. A stranger, who had never seen it, would not think it possible for a ship to live at sea, as it will in a storm, and ride it out, but would expect that the next wave would bury it and it would never come up again; and yet God, who taught man discretion to make ships that should so strangely keep above water, does by his special providence preserve them, that they answer the end to admiration. When the ships are thus tossed the
soul of the seaman
melts because of trouble; and, when the storm is very high, even those that are used to the sea can neither shake off nor dissemble their fears, but
they reel to and fro, and tossing makes them giddy,
and they
stagger and are sick, it may be,
like a drunken man; the whole ship's crew are in confusion
and quite
at their wits' end (
Pss 107:27), not knowing what to do more for their preservation; all their wisdom is swallowed up, and they are ready to give up themselves for gone,
Jonah 1:5, etc. 2. How seasonable it is at such a time to pray. Those that go to sea must expect such perils as are here described, and the best preparation they can make for them is to make sure a liberty of access to God by prayer, for
then they will
cry unto the Lord, Pss 107:28. We have a saying, Let those that would learn to pray go to sea; I say, Let those that will go to sea learn to pray, and accustom themselves to pray, that they may come with the more boldness to the throne of grace when they are in trouble. Even heathen mariners, in a storm,
cried every man to his god; but those that have the Lord for their God have a present and powerful help in that and every other time of need, so that when they are at their wits' end they are not at their faith's end. 3. How wonderfully God sometimes appears for those that are in distress at sea, in answer to their prayers:
He brings them out of the danger; and, (1.) The sea is still:
He makes the storm a calm, Pss 107:29. The winds fall, and only by their soft and gentle murmurs serve to lull the waves asleep again, so that the surface of the sea becomes smooth and smiling. By this Christ proved himself to be more than a man
that even the winds and the seas obeyed him. (2.) The seamen are made easy:
They are glad because they are quiet, quiet from the noise, quiet from the fear of evil. Quietness after a storm is a very desirable thing, and sensibly pleasant. (3.) The voyage becomes prosperous and successful:
So he brings them to their desired haven, Pss 107:30. Thus he carries his people safely through all the storms and tempests that they meet with in their voyage heaven-ward, and lands them, at length, in the desired harbour. 4. How justly it is expected that all those who have had a safe passage over the sea, and especially who have been delivered from remarkable perils at sea, should acknowledge it with thankfulness, to the glory of God. Let them do it privately in their closets and families. Let them
praise the Lord for his goodness to themselves and others,
Pss 107:31. Let them do it publicly (
Pss 107:32),
in the congregation of the people and in the assembly of the elders; there let them erect the memorials of their deliverance, to the honour of God, and for the encouragement of others to trust him.
33 The psalmist, having given God the glory of the providential reliefs granted to persons in distress, here gives him the glory of the revolutions of providence, and the surprising changes it sometimes makes in the affairs of the children of men.
I. He gives some instances of these revolutions.
1. Fruitful countries are made barren and barren countries are made fruitful. Much of the comfort of this life depends upon the soil in which our lot is cast. Now, (1.) The sin of man has often marred the fruitfulness of the soil and made it unserviceable,
Pss 107:33,
Pss 107:34. Land watered with
rivers is sometimes
turned into a wilderness, and that which had been full of water-springs now has not so much as water-streams; it is turned
into dry and
sandy ground, that has not consistency and moisture enough to produce any thing valuable. Many
a fruitful land is turned into saltness, not so much from natural causes as from the just judgment of God, who thus punished
the wickedness of those that dwell therein; as the vale of Sodom became a salt sea. Note, If the land be bad, it is because the inhabitants are so. Justly is the ground made unfruitful to those that bring not forth fruit unto God, but serve Baal with their corn and wine. (2.) The goodness of God has often mended the barrenness of the soil, and turned a
wilderness, a land o drought,
into water-springs, Pss 107:35. The land of Canaan, which was once the glory of all lands for fruitfulness, is said to be, at this day, a fruitless, useless, worthless spot of ground, as was foretold,
Deut 29:23. This land of ours, which formerly was much of it an uncultivated desert, is now full of all good things, and
more abundant honour is
given to that part which lacked. Let the plantations in America, and the colonies settled there, compared with the desolations of many countries in Asia and Europe, that formerly were famous, expound this.
2. Necessitous families are raised and enriched, while prosperous families are impoverished and go to decay. If we look broad in the world, (1.) We see many greatly increasing whose beginning was small, and whose ancestors were mean and made no figure,
Pss 107:36-
Pss 107:38. Those that were
hungry are made
to dwell in fruitful lands; there they take root, and gain a settlement, and
prepare a city for habitation for themselves and theirs after them. Providence puts good land under their hands, and they build upon it. Cities took rise from rising families. But as lands, will not serve for men without lodgings, and therefore they must
prepare a city of habitation, so lodgings, though ever so convenient, will not serve without lands, and therefore they must
sow the fields, and plant vineyards (
Pss 107:37), for the king himself is served of the field. And yet the fields, though favoured with water-springs, will not
yield fruits of increase, unless they be sown, nor will vineyards be had, unless they be planted; man's industry must attend God's blessing, and then God's blessing will crown man's industry. The fruitfulness of the soil should engage, for it does encourage, diligence; and, ordinarily,
the hand of the diligent, by the blessing of God,
makes rich, Pss 107:38.
He blesses them also, so that they are, in a little time,
multiplied greatly, and he
diminishes not their cattle. As in the beginning, so still it is, by the blessing of God, that the earth and all the creatures
increase and multiply (
Gen 1:22), and we depend upon God for the increase of the cattle as well as for the increase of the ground. Cattle would decrease many ways if God should permit it, and men would soon suffer by it. (2.) We see many that have thus suddenly risen as suddenly sunk and brought to nothing (
Pss 107:39):
Again they are diminished and brought low by adverse providences, and end their days as low as they began them; or their families after them lose as fast a they got, and scatter what they heaped together. Note, Worldly wealth is an uncertain thing, and often those that are filled with it, ere they are aware, grow so secure and sensual with it that, ere they are aware, they lose it again. Hence it is called
deceitful riches and the
mammon of unrighteousness. God has many ways of making men poor; he can do it by
oppression, affliction, and sorrow, as he tempted Job and brought him low.
3. Those that were high and great in the world are abased, and those that were mean and despicable are advanced to honour,
Pss 107:40,
Pss 107:41. We have seen, (1.) Princes dethroned and reduced to straits.
He pours contempt upon them, even among those that have idolized them. Those that exalt themselves God will abase, and, in order thereunto, will infatuate: He makes
them to wander in the wilderness, where there is no way. He baffles those counsels by which they thought to support themselves, and their own power and pomp, and drives them headlong, so that they know not what course to steer, nor what measures to take. We met with this before,
Job 12:24,
Job 12:25. (2.) Those of low degree advanced to the posts of honour (
Pss 107:41):
Yet setteth he the poor on high, raiseth
from the dust to the
throne of glory, 1Sam 2:8;
Pss 113:7,
Pss 113:8. Those that were afflicted and trampled on are not only delivered, but set on high out of the reach of their troubles, above their enemies, and have dominion over those to whom they had been in subjection. That which adds to their honour, and strengthens them in their elevation, is the multitude of their children:
He maketh him families like a flock of sheep, so numerous, so useful, so sociable with one another, and so meek and peaceable. He that sent them meat sent them mouths.
Happy is the man that has his quiver filled with arrows, for he shall boldly
speak with the enemy in the gate, Pss 127:5. God is to be acknowledged both in setting up families and in building them up. Let not princes be envied, nor the poor despised, for God has many ways of changing the condition of both.
II. He makes some improvement of these remarks; such surprising turns as these are of use, 1. For the solacing of saints. They observe these dispensations with pleasure (
Pss 107:42):
The righteous shall see it and rejoice in the glorifying of God's attributes and the manifesting of his dominion over the children of men. It is a great comfort to a good man to see how God manages the children of men, as the potter does the clay, so as to serve his own purposes by them, to see despised virtue advanced and impious pride brought low to the dust, to see it evinced beyond dispute that
verily there is a God that judges in the earth. 2. For the silencing of sinners:
All iniquity shall stop her mouth; it shall be a full conviction of the folly of atheists, and of those that deny the divine providence; and, forasmuch as practical atheism is at the bottom of all sin, it shall in effect
stop the mouth of all iniquity. When sinners see how their punishment answers to their sin, and how justly God deals with them in taking away from them those gifts of his which they had abused, they shall not have one word to say for themselves; for God will be justified, he will be clear. 3. For the satisfying of all concerning the divine goodness (
Pss 107:43):
Whoso is wise, and will observe these things, these various dispensations of divine providence,
even they shall understand the lovingkindness of the Lord. Here is, (1.) A desirable end proposed, and that is, rightly to
understand the lovingkindness of the Lord. It is of great use to us, in religion, to be fully assured of God's goodness, to be experimentally acquainted and duly affected with it, that his
lovingkindness may be
before our eyes, Pss 26:3. (2.) A proper means prescribed for attaining this end, and that is a due observance of God's providence. We must lay up these things, mind them, and keep them in mind,
Luke 2:19. (3.) A commendation of the use of this means as an instance of true wisdom:
Whoso is wise, let him by this both prove his wisdom and improve it. A prudent observance of the providences of God will contribute very much to the accomplishing of a good Christian.
