1Ježíš se vrátil od Jordánu plný Ducha svatého a Duch jej vedl na poušť. 2Čtyřicet dní tam byl pokoušen ďáblem a v těch dnech nic nejedl. Když ty dny uplynuly, vyhladověl. 3Tehdy mu ďábel řekl: „Jsi-li Boží Syn, řekni tomuto kameni, ať se promění v chleba.“ 4Ježíš mu odpověděl: „Je psáno: ‚Nejen chlebem bude člověk živ.‘“ 5Potom ho ďábel odvedl vzhůru a v jediném okamžiku mu ukázal všechna království světa. 6„Dám ti všechnu moc a slávu těchto království,“ řekl mu ďábel, „neboť mi byla předána a mohu ji dát, komu chci. 7Když se mi pokloníš, bude to všechno tvoje.“ 8Ježíš mu odpověděl: „Je psáno: ‚Hospodinu, svému Bohu, se budeš klanět a jemu jedinému sloužit.‘“ 9Tehdy ho přivedl do Jeruzaléma, postavil ho na vrcholek chrámu a řekl mu: „Jsi-li Boží Syn, vrhni se odsud dolů. 10Je přece psáno: ‚Svým andělům přikáže o tobě, aby tě chránili, 11a ponesou tě na rukou, abys nenarazil nohou na kámen.‘“ 12Ježíš mu odpověděl: „Je řečeno: ‚Nepokoušej Hospodina, svého Boha.‘“ 13Když ďábel dokončil všechno to pokušení, opustil jej a čekal na další příležitost. 14Ježíš se v moci Ducha vrátil do Galileje a zpráva o něm se roznesla po celém okolí. 15Učil v jejich synagogách a všichni ho chválili. 16Když přišel do Nazaretu, kde byl vychován, přišel podle svého zvyku v sobotní den do synagogy a vstal, aby četl. 17Podali mu knihu proroka Izaiáše, a když ji otevřel, nalezl místo, kde bylo napsáno: 18„Duch Hospodinův je nade mnou, neboť mě pomazal nést evangelium chudým. Poslal mě vyhlásit propuštění zajatým a prohlédnutí slepým, propustit soužené na svobodu 19a vyhlásit léto Hospodinovy milosti.“ 20Potom knihu zavřel, vrátil ji sluhovi a posadil se. Oči všech v synagoze byly upřeny na něj. 21Začal jim vysvětlovat: „Dnes se toto Písmo naplnilo, když jste je slyšeli.“ 22Všichni mu přikyvovali a divili se slovům o milosti, jež mu plynula z úst. Říkali také: „Copak to není Josefův syn?“ 23Na to jim odpověděl: „Asi mi povíte to rčení: ‚Lékaři, uzdrav se sám! Co jsme slyšeli, že se stalo v Kafarnaum, udělej i tady, kde jsi doma.‘“ 24Potom dodal: „Amen, říkám vám, že žádný prorok není doma vážený. 25Řeknu vám popravdě, že za Eliášových dnů, když se nebe zavřelo na tři roky a šest měsíců a po celé zemi byl veliký hlad, v Izraeli bylo mnoho vdov, 26ale Eliáš nebyl poslán k žádné z nich – jen k jedné vdově do sidonské Sarepty. 27A za proroka Elíšy bylo v Izraeli mnoho malomocných, ale žádný z nich nebyl očištěn – jen syrský Náman.“ 28Všechny, kdo to v synagoze slyšeli, popadla zuřivost. 29Vstali a hnali ho ven z města až na okraj hory, na níž bylo jejich město postaveno. Chtěli ho shodit dolů, 30ale on prošel jejich středem a mířil dál. 31Sestoupil do galilejského města Kafarnaum. Když tam v sobotu učil, 32lidé žasli nad jeho učením, protože jeho slovo mělo moc. 33V jejich synagoze byl člověk posedlý nečistým duchem a ten hlasitě vykřikl: 34„Ach, co je ti do nás, Ježíši Nazaretský? Přišel jsi nás zničit? Vím, kdo jsi – ten Svatý Boží!“ 35„Zmlkni,“ okřikl ho Ježíš, „a vyjdi z něj!“ Démon jím smýkl doprostřed a vyšel z něj, aniž by mu ublížil. 36Všech se zmocnil úžas a začali se dohadovat: „Co je to za slovo, že v moci a síle přikazuje nečistým duchům a oni vycházejí?“ 37A zpráva o něm se šířila po celém okolí. 38Potom vstal a odešel ze synagogy do Šimonova domu. Šimonova tchyně byla sužována vysokou horečkou, a tak ho za ni poprosili. 39Postavil se nad ni, pohrozil horečce a ta ji opustila. Ona pak hned vstala a začala je obsluhovat. 40Všichni, kdo měli nemocné různými neduhy, je k němu při západu slunce přiváděli a on na každého z nich vkládal ruce a uzdravoval je. 41Z mnohých vycházeli démoni s křikem: „Ty jsi Boží Syn!“ On je ale okřikoval a nenechal je mluvit. Věděli totiž, že je Mesiáš. 42Když se rozednilo, Ježíš odtud odešel na opuštěné místo. Zástupy ho hledaly, a když přišly k němu, chtěly ho zadržet, aby od nich neodcházel. 43On jim však řekl: „Musím ohlašovat Boží království také jiným městům; to je mé poslání.“ 44Kázal tedy v judských synagogách.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 16 JESUS ENTERING ON HIS PUBLIC MINISTRY, MAKES A CIRCUIT OF GALILEE--REJECTION AT NAZARETH. (Luke 4:14-32)
as his custom was--Compare
Acts 17:2.
stood up for to read--Others besides rabbins were allowed to address the congregation. (See
Acts 13:15.)
18 To have fixed on any passage announcing His sufferings (as
Isa 53:1-
Isa 53:12), would have been unsuitable at that early stage of His ministry. But He selects a passage announcing the sublime object of His whole mission, its divine character, and His special endowments for it; expressed in the first person, and so singularly adapted to the first opening of the mouth in His prophetic capacity, that it seems as if made expressly for this occasion. It is from the well-known section of Isaiah's prophecies whose burden is that mysterious "SERVANT OF THE LORD," despised of man, abhorred of the nation, but before whom kings on seeing Him are to arise, and princes to worship; in visage more marred than any man and His form than the sons of men, yet sprinkling many nations; laboring seemingly in vain, and spending His strength for naught and in vain, yet Jehovah's Servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob and be His Salvation to the ends of the earth (Isa. 49:1-26, &c.). The quotation is chiefly from the Septuagint version, used in the synagogues.
19 acceptable year--an allusion to the jubilee year (
Lev 25:10), a year of universal release for person and property. (See also
Isa 49:8;
2Cor 6:2.) As the maladies under which humanity groans are here set forth under the names of poverty, broken-heartedness, bondage, blindness, bruisedness (or crushedness), so, as the glorious HEALER of all these maladies, Christ announces Himself in the act of reading it, stopping the quotation just before it comes to "the day of vengeance," which was only to come on the rejecters of His message (
John 3:17). The first words, "THE SPIRIT of the LORD is upon ME," have been noted since the days of the Church Fathers, as an illustrious example of Father, Son, and Holy Ghost being exhibited as in distinct yet harmonious action in the scheme of salvation.
20 the minister--the chazan, or synagogue-officer.
all eyes . . . fastened on Him--astounded at His putting in such claims.
21 began to say, &c.--His whole address was just a detailed application to Himself of this and perhaps other like prophecies.
22 gracious words--"the words of grace," referring both to the richness of His matter and the sweetness of His manner (
Ps 45:2).
Is not this, &c.--(See on
Matt 13:54-
Matt 13:56). They knew He had received no rabbinical education, and anything supernatural they seemed incapable of conceiving.
23 this proverb--like our "Charity begins at home."
whatsoever, &c.--"Strange rumors have reached our ears of Thy doings at Capernaum; but if such power resides in Thee to cure the ills of humanity, why has none of it yet come nearer home, and why is all this alleged power reserved for strangers?" His choice of Capernaum as a place of residence since entering on public life was, it seems, already well known at Nazareth; and when He did come thither, to give no displays of His power when distant places were ringing with His fame, wounded their pride. He had indeed "laid his hands on a few sick folk and healed them" (
Mark 6:5); but this seems to have been done quite privately the general unbelief precluding anything more open.
24 And he said, &c.--He replies to the one proverb by another, equally familiar, which we express in a rougher form--"Too much familiarity breeds contempt." Our Lord's long residence in Nazareth merely as a townsman had made Him too common, incapacitating them for appreciating Him as others did who were less familiar with His everyday demeanor in private life. A most important principle, to which the wise will pay due regard. (See also
Matt 7:6, on which our Lord Himself ever acted.)
25 But I tell you, &c.--falling back for support on the well-known examples of Elijah and Elisha (Eliseus), whose miraculous power, passing by those who were near, expended itself on those at a distance, yea on heathens, "the two great prophets who stand at the commencement of prophetic antiquity, and whose miracles strikingly prefigured those of our Lord. As He intended like them to feed the poor and cleanse the lepers, He points to these miracles of mercy, and not to the fire from heaven and the bears that tore the mockers" [STIER].
three years and six months--So
Jas 5:17, including perhaps the six months after the last fall of rain, when there would be little or none at any rate; whereas in
1Kgs 18:1, which says the rain returned "in the third year," that period is probably not reckoned.
26 save . . . saving--"but only." (Compare
Mark 13:32, Greek.)
Sarepta--"Zarephath" (
1Kgs 17:9), a heathen village between Tyre and Sidon. (See
Mark 7:24.)
28 when they heard these things--these allusions to the heathen, just as afterwards with Paul (
Acts 22:21-
Acts 22:22).
29 rose up--broke up the service irreverently and rushed forth.
thrust him--with violence, as a prisoner in their hands.
brow, &c.--Nazareth, though not built on the ridge of a hill, is in part surrounded by one to the west, having several such precipices. (See
2Chr 25:12;
2Kgs 9:33.) It was a mode of capital punishment not unusual among the Romans and others. This was the first insult which the Son of God received, and it came from "them of His own household!" (
Matt 10:36).
30 passing through the midst, &c.--evidently in a miraculous way, though perhaps quite noiselessly, leading them to wonder afterwards what spell could have come over them, that they allowed Him to escape. (Similar escapes, however, in times of persecution, are not unexampled.)
31 down to Capernaum--It lay on the Sea of Galilee (
Matt 4:13), whereas Nazareth lay high.
33 DEMONIAC HEALED. (
Luke 4:33-
Luke 4:37)
unclean--The frequency with which this character of impurity is applied to evil spirits is worthy of notice.
cried out, &c.--(See
Matt 8:29;
Mark 3:11).
35 rebuked them, &c.--(See on
Luke 4:41).
thrown him, &c.--See on
Mark 9:20.
36 What a word--a word from the Lord of spirits.
41 PETER'S MOTHER-IN-LAW AND MANY OTHERS, HEALED. (
Luke 4:38-
Luke 4:41)
suffered them not to speak--The marginal reading ("to say that they knew him to be Christ") here is wrong. Our Lord ever refused testimony from devils, for the very reason why they were eager to give it, because He and they would thus seem to be one interest, as His enemies actually alleged. (See on
Matt 12:24, &c.; see also
Acts 16:16-
Acts 16:18.)
42 JESUS SOUGHT OUT AT MORNING PRAYER, AND ENTREATED TO STAY, DECLINES FROM THE URGENCY OF HIS WORK. (
Luke 4:42-
Luke 4:44)
stayed him--"were staying Him," or sought to do it. What a contrast to the Gadarenes! The nature of His mission required Him to keep moving, that all might hear the glad tidings (
Matt 8:34).
43 I must, &c.--but duty only could move Him to deny entreaties so grateful to His spirit.
