1Blížil se Svátek nekvašených chlebů, zvaný také Velikonoce. 2Vrchní kněží a znalci Písma hledali způsob, jak ho zabít, ale báli se lidu. 3Tehdy vstoupil satan do Jidáše zvaného Iškariotský, který patřil ke Dvanácti. 4Odešel a domluvil se s vrchními kněžími a s veliteli chrámové stráže, jak jim ho zradí. 5Ti se zaradovali a dohodli se s ním, že mu dají peníze. 6Jidáš souhlasil a začal hledat příležitost, aby jim ho zradil někde mimo zástup. 7Tak přišel Den nekvašených chlebů, kdy měl být zabit beránek. 8Ježíš poslal Petra a Jana se slovy: „Jděte nám připravit beránka k velikonoční večeři.“ 9„Kde ho máme připravit?“ zeptali se. 10Odpověděl: „Jen co vejdete do města, potká vás člověk nesoucí džbán vody. Až vejde do domu, jděte za ním. 11Tam řekněte hospodáři: ‚Mistr se ptá: Kde je místnost, v níž bych se svými učedníky pojedl beránka?‘ 12On vám pak ukáže velikou horní místnost prostřenou k jídlu. Tam připravte večeři.“ 13Odešli tedy, nalezli všechno tak, jak jim řekl, a připravili beránka. 14Když pak nadešla ta chvíle, posadil se s apoštoly za stůl. 15Tehdy jim řekl: „Toužebně jsem si přál jíst s vámi tohoto beránka předtím, než budu trpět. 16Říkám vám, že už ho neokusím, dokud nedojde naplnění v Božím království.“ 17Uchopil kalich, vzdal díky a řekl: „Vezměte jej a rozdělte se spolu. 18Říkám vám, že už neokusím plod vinné révy, dokud nepřijde Boží království.“ 19Vzal chléb, vzdal díky, lámal a dal jim ho se slovy: „To je mé tělo, které se dává za vás. To čiňte na mou památku.“ 20Právě tak vzal po večeři kalich se slovy: „Tento kalich je nová smlouva v mé krvi, která se prolévá za vás. 21Pohleďte ale – ruka mého zrádce je na stole vedle mé. 22Syn člověka sice odchází, jak je určeno, ale běda tomu, kdo jej zrazuje.“ 23Začali se tedy dohadovat, kdo z nich že se to chystá udělat. 24Vznikl mezi nimi také spor, kdo z nich je asi největší. 25On jim na to řekl: „Králové národů nad nimi panují a ti, kdo je ovládají, si nechají říkat dobrodinci. 26Vy to tak ale nedělejte. Naopak, kdo je mezi vámi největší, ať je jako nejmenší a vedoucí ať je jako sloužící. 27Vždyť kdo je větší – ten, kdo sedí, nebo ten, kdo slouží? Zdali ne ten, který sedí? Já jsem ale mezi vámi jako ten, který slouží. 28Vy jste ti, kdo se mnou zůstali v mých zkouškách, 29a já vám odkazuji království, jako je můj Otec odkázal mně. 30V mém království budete jíst a pít u mého stolu; budete sedět na trůnech a soudit dvanáct pokolení Izraele. 31Šimone, Šimone, hle, satan si vyžádal, aby vás tříbil jako pšenici. 32Prosil jsem ale za tebe, aby tvá víra neselhala. Až se jednou obrátíš, posiluj své bratry.“ 33„Pane,“ zvolal Petr, „s tebou jsem připraven jít i do vězení, i na smrt!“ 34On mu však odpověděl: „Říkám ti, Petře, než ráno zakokrhá kohout, třikrát zapřeš, že mě znáš.“ 35Zeptal se jich: „Když jsem vás poslal bez měšce, mošny a obuvi, scházelo vám něco?“ „Ne, vůbec nic,“ odpověděli. 36Řekl jim: „Teď ale, kdo má měšec, ať si ho vezme, a také mošnu. Kdo nemá meč, ať prodá plášť a koupí si jej. 37Říkám vám, že se na mně musí naplnit ještě toto Písmo: ‚Byl započten mezi zločince.‘ Naplňuje se totiž, co je o mně psáno.“ 38Řekli mu: „Pane, podívej se, máme dva meče!“ „To stačí,“ odpověděl. 39Vyšel ven a podle svého zvyku se odebral na Olivetskou horu. Učedníci ho následovali. 40Když přišel na místo, řekl jim: „Modlete se, abyste nepodlehli pokušení.“ 41Sám se vzdálil, co by kamenem dohodil, padl na kolena a modlil se: 42„Otče, pokud chceš, odejmi ode mě tento kalich. Ať se však nestane má vůle, ale tvá!“ 43Tehdy se mu ukázal anděl z nebe a posiloval ho. 44Ve smrtelném zápasu se tedy modlil ještě vroucněji a jeho pot stékal na zem jako krůpěje krve. 45Když vstal od modlitby a přišel k učedníkům, zjistil, že pod tíhou zármutku usnuli. 46„Jak to, že spíte?“ řekl jim. „Vstaňte a modlete se, abyste nepodlehli pokušení.“ 47Ještě to ani nedořekl a byl tu houf lidí v čele s Jidášem, jedním z Dvanácti. Přistoupil k Ježíšovi, aby ho políbil, 48ale ten mu řekl: „Jidáši, zrazuješ Syna člověka polibkem?“ 49Jeho druhové pochopili, k čemu se schyluje. „Pane,“ vykřikli, „máme se bít mečem?“ 50Jeden z nich zasáhl veleknězova sluhu a usekl mu pravé ucho. 51„Nechte už toho!“ odpověděl Ježíš. Dotkl se jeho ucha a uzdravil ho. 52Tehdy Ježíš řekl vrchním kněžím, velitelům stráže a starším, kteří na něj přišli: „Jsem snad zločinec, že jste se na mě vypravili s meči a holemi? 53Denně jsem s vámi býval v chrámu, a ani jste se mě nedotkli. Ale toto je vaše chvíle – vláda temnoty.“ 54Tak ho zatkli a odvedli do domu nejvyššího kněze. Petr ho ale zpovzdálí následoval. 55Když uprostřed dvora zapálili oheň a sesedli se okolo, posadil se mezi ně i Petr. 56Jak seděl tváří k ohni, jedna služka si ho všimla, upřeně se na něj podívala a řekla: „Tenhle byl také s ním.“ 57On to ale zapřel: „Já ho neznám, ženo!“ 58Po chvilce si ho všiml jiný a řekl: „Ty jsi také jeden z nich.“ „Nejsem, člověče!“ opakoval Petr. 59Když uplynula asi hodina, začal někdo jiný tvrdit: „Tenhle s ním určitě byl také – vždyť je to Galilejec!“ 60Petr ale řekl: „Nevím, o čem mluvíš, člověče!“ A vtom, ještě než to dořekl, zakokrhal kohout. 61Pán se obrátil a podíval se na Petra. Ten si vzpomněl, jak mu Pán říkal: „Dříve než se ozve kohout, třikrát mě zapřeš.“ 62Vyšel ven a hořce se rozplakal. 63Ti, kdo Ježíše hlídali, se mu posmívali a tloukli ho. 64Zavázali mu oči a ptali se: „Prorokuj, kdo tě udeřil?“ 65Přitom ho zasypávali sprostými nadávkami. 66Jakmile se rozednilo, sešli se starší lidu, vrchní kněží i znalci Písma a odvedli ho do své Velerady. 67Vyzvali ho: „Jestli jsi Mesiáš, řekni nám to!“ „Kdybych vám to řekl, stejně neuvěříte,“ odpověděl Ježíš. 68„A kdybych se vás zeptal, stejně mi neodpovíte. 69Od této chvíle bude Syn člověka sedět po pravici Boží moci.“ 70„Takže jsi Boží Syn?“ řekli všichni. „Sami říkáte, že jsem,“ odpověděl Ježíš. 71Na to zvolali: „K čemu ještě potřebujeme svědectví? Vždyť jsme to sami slyšeli z jeho úst!“
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 CONSPIRACY OF THE JEWISH AUTHORITIES TO PUT JESUS TO DEATH--COMPACT WITH JUDAS. (
Luke 22:1-
Luke 22:6)
(See on
Matt 26:1-
Matt 26:5.)
3 Then entered Satan, &c.--but not yet in the full sense. The awful stages of it were these: (1) Covetousness being his master--passion, the Lord let it reveal itself and gather strength by entrusting him with "the bag" (
John 12:6), as treasurer to Himself and the Twelve. (2) In the discharge of that most sacred trust he became "a thief," appropriating its contents from time to time to his own use. Satan, seeing this door into his heart standing wide open, determines to enter by it, but cautiously (
2Cor 2:11); first merely "putting it into his heart to betray Him" (
John 13:2), suggesting the thought to him that by this means he might enrich himself. (3) This thought was probably converted into a settled purpose by what took place in Simon's house at Bethany. (See
Matt 26:6, and see on
John 12:4-
John 12:8.) (4) Starting back, perhaps, or mercifully held back, for some time, the determination to carry it into immediate effect was not consummated till, sitting at the paschal supper, "Satan entered into him" (see on
John 13:27), and conscience, effectually stifled, only rose again to be his tormentor. What lessons in all this for every one (
Eph 4:27;
Jas 4:7;
1Pet 5:8-9)!
5 money--"thirty pieces of silver" (
Matt 26:15); thirty shekels, the fine payable for man- or maid-servant accidentally killed (
Exod 21:32), and equal to between four and five pounds of our money--"a goodly price that I was priced at of them" (
Zech 11:13). (See on
John 19:16.)
6 in the absence, &c.--(See
Matt 26:5).
7 LAST PASSOVER--INSTITUTION OF THE SUPPER--DISCOURSE AT THE TABLE. (Luke 22:7-38)
the day of unleavened bread--strictly the fifteenth Nisan (part of our March and April) after the paschal lamb was killed; but here, the fourteenth (Thursday). Into the difficult questions raised on this we cannot here enter.
10 when ye are entered the city--He Himself probably stayed at Bethany during the day.
there shall a man, &c.--(See on
Luke 19:29-
Luke 19:32).
14 the hour--about six P.M. Between three and this hour the lamb was killed (
Exod 12:6, Margin)
15 With desire . . . desired--"earnestly have I longed" (as
Gen 31:30, "sore longedst"). Why? It was to be His last "before He suffered"--and so became "Christ our Passover sacrificed for us" (
1Cor 5:7), when it was "fulfilled in the Kingdom of God," the typical ordinance thenceforth disappearing.
17 took the cup--the first of several partaken of in this service.
divide it among, &c.--that is, It is to be your last as well as Mine, "until the Kingdom of God come," or as it is beautifully given in
Matt 26:29, "until that day when I shall drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom." It was the point of transition between two economies and their two great festivals, the one about to close for ever, the other immediately to open and run its majestic career until from earth it be transferred to heaven.
21 (See on
John 13:21, &c.).
24 there was--or "had been," referring probably to some symptoms of the former strife which had reappeared, perhaps on seeing the whole paschal arrangements committed to two of the Twelve. (See on
Mark 10:42-
Mark 10:45.)
25 benefactors--a title which the vanity of princes eagerly coveted.
26 But ye . . . not--Of how little avail has this condemnation of "lordship" and vain titles been against the vanity of Christian ecclesiastics?
28 continued, &c.--affecting evidence of Christ's tender susceptibility to human sympathy and support! (See on
John 6:66-
John 6:67; see
John 16:32.)
29 I appoint, &c.--Who is this that dispenses kingdoms, nay, the Kingdom of kingdoms, within an hour or two of His apprehension, and less than a day of His shameful death? These sublime contrasts, however, perpetually meet and entrance us in this matchless history.
30 eat and drink, &c.--(See
Luke 22:16 and see on
Luke 18:28, &c.).
31 Simon, Simon--(See on
Luke 10:41).
desired to have--rather, "hath obtained you," properly "asked and obtained"; alluding to Job (
Job 1:6-
Job 1:12;
Job 2:1-
Job 2:6), whom he solicited and obtained that he might sift him as wheat, insinuating as "the accuser of the brethren" (
Rev 12:10), that he would find chaff enough in his religion, if indeed there was any wheat at all.
you--not Peter only, but them all.
32 But I have prayed--have been doing it already.
for thee--as most in danger. (See on
Luke 22:61-
Luke 22:62.)
fail not--that is, entirely; for partially it did fail.
converted--brought back afresh as a penitent disciple.
strengthen, &c.--that is, make use of thy bitter experience for the fortifying of thy tempted brethren.
33 I am ready, &c.--honest-hearted, warmly-attached disciple, thinking thy present feelings immovable as a rock, thou shalt find them in the hour of temptation unstable as water: "I have been praying for thee," therefore thy faith shall not perish; but thinking this superfluous, thou shalt find that "he that trusteth in his own heart is a fool" (
Pro 28:26).
34 cock . . . crow--"twice" (
Mark 14:30).
35 But now--that you are going forth not as before on a temporary mission, provided for without purse or scrip, but into scenes of continued and severe trial, your methods must be different; for purse and scrip will now be needed for support, and the usual means of defense.
37 the things concerning me--decreed and written.
have an end--are rapidly drawing to a close.
38 two swords . . . enough--they thinking He referred to present defense, while His answer showed He meant something else.
39 AGONY IN THE GARDEN. (
Luke 22:39-
Luke 22:46)
as . . . wont--(See
John 18:2).
40 the place--the Garden of Gethsemane, on the west or city side of the mount. Comparing all the accounts of this mysterious scene, the facts appear to be these: (1) He bade nine of the Twelve remain "here" while He went and prayed "yonder." (2) He "took the other three, Peter, James, and John, and began to be sore amazed [appalled], sorrowful, and very heavy [oppressed], and said, My soul is exceeding sorrowful even unto death"--"I feel as if nature would sink under this load, as if life were ebbing out, and death coming before its time"--"tarry ye here, and watch with Me"; not, "Witness for Me," but, "Bear Me company." It did Him good, it seems, to have them beside Him. (3) But soon even they were too much for Him: He must be alone. "He was withdrawn from them about a stone's-cast"--though near enough for them to be competent witnesses and kneeled down, uttering that most affecting prayer (
Mark 14:36), that if possible "the cup," of His approaching death, "might pass from Him, but if not, His Father's will be done": implying that in itself it was so purely revolting that only its being the Father's will would induce Him to taste it, but that in that view of it He was perfectly prepared to drink it. It is no struggle between a reluctant and a compliant will, but between two views of one event--an abstract and a relative view of it, in the one of which it was revolting, in the other welcome. By signifying how it felt in the one view, He shows His beautiful oneness with ourselves in nature and feeling; by expressing how He regarded it in the other light, He reveals His absolute obediential subjection to His Father. (4) On this, having a momentary relief, for it came upon Him, we imagine, by surges, He returns to the three, and finding them sleeping, He addresses them affectingly, particularly Peter, as in
Mark 14:37-
Mark 14:38. He then (5) goes back, not now to kneel, but fell on His face on the ground, saying the same words, but with this turn, "If this cup may not pass," &c. (
Matt 26:42) --that is, 'Yes, I understand this mysterious silence (
Ps 22:1-
Ps 22:6); it may not pass; I am to drink it, and I will'--"Thy will be done!" (6) Again, for a moment relieved, He returns and finds them "sleeping for sorrow," warns them as before, but puts a loving construction upon it, separating between the "willing spirit" and the "weak flesh." (7) Once more, returning to His solitary spot, the surges rise higher, beat more tempestuously, and seem ready to overwhelm Him. To fortify Him for this, "there appeared an angel unto Him from heaven strengthening Him"--not to minister light or comfort (He was to have none of that, and they were not needed nor fitted to convey it), but purely to sustain and brace up sinking nature for a yet hotter and fiercer struggle. And now, He is "in an agony, and prays more earnestly"--even Christ's prayer, it seems, admitted of and now demanded such increase--"and His sweat was as it were great drops [literally, 'clots'] of blood falling down to the ground." What was this? Not His proper sacrificial offering, though essential to it. It was just the internal struggle, apparently hushing itself before, but now swelling up again, convulsing His whole inner man, and this so affecting His animal nature that the sweat oozed out from every pore in thick drops of blood, falling to the ground. It was just shuddering nature and indomitable will struggling together. But again the cry, If it must be, Thy will be done, issues from His lips, and all is over. "The bitterness of death is past." He has anticipated and rehearsed His final conflict, and won the victory--now on the theater of an invincible will, as then on the arena of the Cross. "I will suffer," is the grand result of Gethsemane: "It is finished" is the shout that bursts from the Cross. The Will without the Deed had been all in vain; but His work was consummated when He carried the now manifested Will into the palpable Deed, "by the which WILL we are sanctified THROUGH THE OFFERING OF THE BODY OF JESUS CHRIST ONCE FOR ALL" (
Heb 10:10). (8) At the close of the whole scene, finding them still sleeping (worn out with continued sorrow and racking anxiety), He bids them, with an irony of deep emotion, "sleep on now and take their rest, the hour is come, the Son of man is betrayed into the hands of sinners, rise, let us be going, the traitor is at hand." And while He spoke, Judas approached with his armed band. Thus they proved "miserable comforters," broken reeds; and thus in His whole work He was alone, and "of the people there was none with Him."
61 JESUS BEFORE CAIAPHAS--FALL OF PETER. (
Luke 22:55-
Luke 22:62)
And the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter--(Also see on
Mark 14:72.)
62 And Peter went out, and wept bitterly--(Also see on
Mark 14:72.)
