1Tak byly dokončeny nebe i země se všemi svými zástupy. 2Sedmého dne skončil Bůh dílo, které učinil, a sedmého dne odpočinul po všem díle, které učinil. 3Bůh požehnal sedmému dni a posvětil jej, neboť v něm odpočinul po veškerém díle stvoření. 4(a)Takové byly dějiny nebe a země při stvoření. (b)V době, kdy Bůh Jahve udělal zemi a nebe, 5nebyl na zemi ještě žádný polní keř a žádná polní bylina dosud nevypučela, neboť Bůh Jahve nedal padat dešti na zemi a nebyl ještě člověk, jenž by obdělával půdu. 6Nicméně ze země prýštil proud a zavlažoval celý povrch země. 7Tu Bůh Jahve utvořil z hlíny země člověka, vdechl do jeho nozder dech života a člověk se stal živou bytostí. 8Bůh Jahve vysadil zahradu na východě v Edenu a postavil do ní člověka, kterého utvořil. 9Bůh Jahve učinil, že ze země vyrostly všemožné druhy stromů svůdných na pohled a dobrých na jídlo, pak strom života uprostřed zahrady a strom poznání dobra a zla. 10Z Edenu vytékala řeka, aby zavlažovala zahradu, pak se dělila a tvořila čtyři ramena: 11První se nazývá Pišon: oblévá celou zemi Chavilu, kde je zlato; 12zlato této země je čisté a nachází se tam i bdelium a kámen karneol. 13Druhá řeka se nazývá Gichon; oblévá celou zemi Kuš. 14Třetí řeka se nazývá Tigris; teče na východ od Ašuru. Čtvrtá řeka je Eufrat. 15Bůh Jahve vzal člověka a usadil ho v zahradě Edenu, aby ji obdělával a střežil. 16A Bůh Jahve dal člověku tento příkaz: „Smíš jíst ze všech stromů v zahradě. 17Ale ze stromu poznání dobra a zla nebudeš jíst, neboť v den, kdy z něho pojíš, propadneš smrti.“ 18Bůh Jahve řekl: „Není dobré, aby byl člověk sám. Musím mu udělat pomocnici, která by se k němu hodila.“ 19Bůh Jahve utvořil ze země rovněž všechna divoká zvířata a všechny nebeské ptáky a přivedl je k člověku, aby viděl, jak je pojmenuje: každý z nich měl nést jméno, jaké mu dá člověk. 20Člověk dal jména veškerému dobytku, nebeským ptákům, všem divokým zvířatům, ale pomocnici pro člověka, jež by se k němu hodila, nenašel. 21Tu Bůh Jahve seslal na člověka mrákotu a on usnul. Vzal jedno z jeho žeber a jeho místo vyplnil masem. 22Pak z žebra, jež vzal z člověka, vytvořil Bůh Jahve ženu a přivedl ji člověku. 23Tu člověk zvolal: „Tentokrát je to kost z mých kostí a maso z mého masa! Bude se nazývat ‘žena’, ona totiž byla vzata z muže!“ 24Proto muž opouští svého otce a svou matku a přiklání se ke své ženě a stávají se jediným tělem. 25A oba byli nazí, člověk i jeho žena, a jeden před druhým se nestyděli.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 THE NARRATIVE OF THE SIX DAYS' CREATION CONTINUED. The course of the narrative is improperly broken by the division of the chapter. (
Gen 2:1)
the heavens--the firmament or atmosphere.
host--a multitude, a numerous array, usually connected in Scripture with heaven only, but here with the earth also, meaning all that they contain.
were finished--brought to completion. No permanent change has ever since been made in the course of the world, no new species of animals been formed, no law of nature repealed or added to. They could have been finished in a moment as well as in six days, but the work of creation was gradual for the instruction of man, as well, perhaps, as of higher creatures (
Job 38:7).
2 THE FIRST SABBATH. (
Gen 2:2-
Gen 2:7)
and he rested on the seventh day--not to repose from exhaustion with labor (see
Isa 40:28), but ceased from working, an example equivalent to a command that we also should cease from labor of every kind.
3 blessed and sanctified the seventh day--a peculiar distinction put upon it above the other six days, and showing it was devoted to sacred purposes. The institution of the Sabbath is as old as creation, giving rise to that weekly division of time which prevailed in the earliest ages. It is a wise and beneficent law, affording that regular interval of rest which the physical nature of man and the animals employed in his service requires, and the neglect of which brings both to premature decay. Moreover, it secures an appointed season for religious worship, and if it was necessary in a state of primeval innocence, how much more so now, when mankind has a strong tendency to forget God and His claims?
4 These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth--the history or account of their production. Whence did Moses obtain this account so different from the puerile and absurd fictions of the heathen? Not from any human source, for man was not in existence to witness it; not from the light of nature or reason, for though they proclaim the eternal power and Godhead by the things which are made, they cannot tell how they were made. None but the Creator Himself could give this information, and therefore it is through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God (
Heb 11:3).
5 rain, mist--(See on
Gen 1:11).
7 Here the sacred writer supplies a few more particulars about the first pair.
formed--had FORMED MAN OUT OF THE DUST OF THE GROUND. Science has proved that the substance of his flesh, sinews, and bones, consists of the very same elements as the soil which forms the crust of the earth and the limestone that lies embedded in its bowels. But from that mean material what an admirable structure has been reared in the human body (
Ps 139:14).
the breath of life--literally, of lives, not only animal but spiritual life. If the body is so admirable, how much more the soul with all its varied faculties.
breathed into his nostrils the breath of life--not that the Creator literally performed this act, but respiration being the medium and sign of life, this phrase is used to show that man's life originated in a different way from his body--being implanted directly by God (
Eccl 12:7), and hence in the new creation of the soul Christ breathed on His disciples (
John 20:22).
8 THE GARDEN OF EDEN. (
Gen 2:8-
Gen 2:17)
Eden--was probably a very extensive region in Mesopotamia, distinguished for its natural beauty and the richness and variety of its produce. Hence its name, signifying "pleasantness." God planted a garden eastward, an extensive park, a paradise, in which the man was put to be trained under the paternal care of his Maker to piety and usefulness.
9 tree of life--so called from its symbolic character as a sign and seal of immortal life. Its prominent position where it must have been an object of daily observation and interest, was admirably fitted to keep man habitually in mind of God and futurity.
tree of the knowledge of good and evil--so called because it was a test of obedience by which our first parents were to be tried, whether they would be good or bad, obey God or break His commands.
15 put the man into the garden of Eden to dress it--not only to give him a pleasant employment, but to place him on his probation, and as the title of this garden, the garden of the Lord (
Gen 13:10;
Ezek 28:13), indicates, it was in fact a temple in which he worshipped God, and was daily employed in offering the sacrifices of thanksgiving and praise.
17 thou shalt not eat of it . . . thou shalt surely die--no reason assigned for the prohibition, but death was to be the punishment of disobedience. A positive command like this was not only the simplest and easiest, but the only trial to which their fidelity could be exposed.
18 THE MAKING OF WOMAN, AND INSTITUTION OF MARRIAGE. (
Gen 2:18-
Gen 2:25)
it is not good for the man to be alone--In the midst of plenty and delights, he was conscious of feelings he could not gratify. To make him sensible of his wants,
19 God brought unto Adam--not all the animals in existence, but those chiefly in his immediate neighborhood to be subservient to his use.
whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof--His powers of perception and intelligence were supernaturally enlarged to know the characters, habits, and uses of each species that was brought to him.
20 but for Adam there was not found an help meet for him--The design of this singular scene was to show him that none of the living creatures he saw were on an equal footing with himself, and that while each class came with its mate of the same nature, form, and habits, he alone had no companion. Besides, in giving names to them he was led to exercise his powers of speech and to prepare for social intercourse with his partner, a creature yet to be formed.
21 deep sleep--probably an ecstasy or trance like that of the prophets, when they had visions and revelations of the Lord, for the whole scene was probably visible to the mental eye of Adam, and hence his rapturous exclamation.
took one of his ribs--"She was not made out of his head to surpass him, nor from his feet to be trampled on, but from his side to be equal to him, and near his heart to be dear to him."
23 Woman--in Hebrew, "man-ess."
24 one flesh--The human pair differed from all other pairs, that by peculiar formation of Eve, they were one. And this passage is appealed to by our Lord as the divine institution of marriage (
Matt 19:4-
Matt 19:5;
Eph 5:28). Thus Adam appears as a creature formed after the image of God--showing his knowledge by giving names to the animals, his righteousness by his approval of the marriage relation, and his holiness by his principles and feelings, and finding gratification in the service and enjoyment of God.