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Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary
 1   HIS APOSTOLIC MINISTRY IS APPROVED BY FAITHFULNESS IN EXHORTATION, IN SUFFERINGS, IN EXHIBITION OF THE FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST: HIS LARGENESS OF HEART TO THEM CALLS FOR ENLARGEMENT OF THEIR HEART TO HIM. EXHORTATIONS TO SEPARATION FROM POLLUTION. (2Co. 6:1-18)
workers together--with God (Acts 15:4; 1Cor 3:9). Not only as "ambassadors."
beseech--entreat (2Cor 5:20). He is describing his ministry, not exhorting directly.
you also--rather, "WE ALSO (as well as God, 2Cor 5:20) beseech" or "entreat you": 2Cor 6:14-15, on to 2Cor 7:1, is part of this entreaty or exhortation.
in vain--by making the grace of God a ground for continuance in sin (2Cor 6:3). By a life of sin, showing that the word of reconciliation has been in vain, so far as you are concerned (Heb 12:15; Jude 1:4). "The grace of God" here, is "the reconciliation" provided by God's love (2Cor 5:18-19; compare Gal 2:2).

 2   For--God's own promise is the ground of our exhortation.
he saith--God the Father saith to God the Son, and so to all believers who are regarded as one with Him.
heard thee--In the eternal purposes of my love I have hearkened to thy prayer for the salvation of thy people (compare John 17:9, John 17:15, John 17:20, John 17:24).
accepted . . . accepted--The Greek of the latter is more emphatic, "well-accepted." What was "an accepted time" in the prophecy (Isa 49:8, Hebrew, "in the season of grace") becomes "the well-accepted time" in the fulfilment (compare Ps 69:13). As it is God's time of receiving sinners, receive ye His grace: accept (2Cor 6:1) the word of reconciliation in His accepted time.
in the day of salvation--"in a day of salvation" (Luke 4:18-Luke 4:19, Luke 4:21; Luke 19:42; Heb 3:7).

 3   Resuming the connection with 2Cor 6:1, interrupted by the parenthetical 2Cor 6:2. "Giving no offense" (compare 1Cor 10:33), "approving ourselves," and all the other participles down to 2Cor 6:10, are nominatives to "we also entreat you" (2Cor 6:1), to show the pains he took to enforce his exhortation by example, as well as precept [ALFORD]. "Offense" would be given, if we were without "patience" and the other qualifications which he therefore subjoins (compare Rom 14:13).

 4   Translate, to mark the true order of the Greek words, "in everything, as God's ministers recommending ourselves," that is, that our hearers may give our message a favorable hearing, through our consistency in every respect, not that they may glorify us. Alluding to 2Cor 3:1, he implies, We commend ourselves, not like them by word, but by deed.
patience-- (2Cor 12:12). Put first. "Pure-minded" follows (2Cor 6:6). Three triplets of trials exercising the "patience" (patient endurance) follow: Afflictions (or "tribulations"), necessities, distresses (or "straits"); stripes, imprisonments, tumults; labors, watchings, fastings. The first triplet expresses afflictions generally; the second, those in particular arising from the violence of men; the third, those which he brought on himself directly or indirectly.

 5   stripes-- (2Cor 11:23-24; Acts 16:23).
imprisonments-- (2Cor 11:23). He had been, doubtless, elsewhere imprisoned besides at Philippi when he wrote this Epistle.
tumults-- (Acts 13:50; Acts 14:5, Acts 14:19; Acts 16:22; and recently Acts 19:23-41).
labours--in the cause of Christ (2Cor 11:23; Rom 16:12).
watchings-- (2Cor 11:27). Sleepless nights.
fastings--The context here refers to his trials, rather than devotional exercises (compare 2Cor 11:27). Thus "foodlessness" would seem to be the sense (compare 1Cor 4:11; Phil 4:12). But the usual sense of the Greek is fasts, in the strict sense; and in 2Cor 11:27 it is spoken of independently of "hunger and thirst." (Compare Luke 2:37; Acts 10:30; Acts 14:23). However, Matt 15:32; Mark 8:3, justify the sense, more favored by the context, foodlessness, though a rare use of the word. GAUSSEN remarks "The apostles combine the highest offices with the humblest exterior: as everything in the Church was to be cast in the mould of death and resurrection, the cardinal principle throughout Christianity."

 6   By . . . by, &c.--rather, as Greek, "In . . . in," implying not the instrument, but the sphere or element in which his ministry moved.
knowledge--spiritual: in Gospel mysteries, unattainable by mere reason (1Cor 2:6-16; 2Cor 3:6, 2Cor 3:17-18).
long-suffering . . . kindness--associated with "charity" or "love" (1Cor 13:4), as here.
by the Holy Ghost--in virtue of His influences which produce these graces, and other gifts, "love unfeigned" being the foremost of them.

 7   By the word of truth, by the power of God--rather, "IN . . . in," &c. As to "the word of truth" (compare 2Cor 4:2; Col 1:5), and "the (miraculous) power of God" (2Cor 4:7); 1Cor 2:4, "in demonstration of the Spirit and of power."
by the armour--Greek, "through" or "by means of the armor." "Righteousness," which is the breastplate alone in Eph 6:13-Eph 6:17, here is made the whole Christian panoply (compare 2Cor 10:4).
on . . . right . . . and . . . left--that is, guarding on every side.

 8   Translate, "Through glory and dishonor (disgrace)," namely, from those in authority, and accruing to us present. "By," or "through evil report and good report," from the multitude, and affecting us absent [BENGEL]. Regarded "as deceivers" by those who, not knowing (2Cor 6:9), dishonor and give us an evil report; "as true," by those who "know" (2Cor 6:9) us in the real "glory" of our ministry. In proportion as one has more or less of glory and good report, in that degree has he more or less of dishonor and evil report.

 9   unknown . . . yet well known--"unknown" in our true character to those who "evil report" of us, "well known" to those who hold us in "good report" (2Cor 6:8). CONYBEARE explains, "Unknown by men, yet acknowledged by God" (1Cor 13:12). Perhaps both God and men (believers) are intended as knowing him (2Cor 5:11; 2Cor 11:6).
dying . . . live-- (2Cor 1:9; 2Cor 4:10-11; 2Cor 11:23). Compare GAUSSEN'S remark, see on 2Cor 6:5. "Behold" calls attention to the fact as something beyond all expectation.
chastened . . . not killed--realizing Ps 118:18.

 10   The "as" no longer is used to express the opinion of his adversaries, but the real state of him and his fellow laborers.
making many rich--Spiritually (1Cor 1:5), after the example of our Lord, who "by His poverty made many rich" (2Cor 8:9).
having nothing--Whatever of earthly goods we have, and these are few, we have as though we had not; as tenants removable at will, not owners (1Cor 7:30).
possessing all things--The Greek implies firm possession, holding fast in possession (compare 1Cor 3:21-22). The things both of the present and of the future are, in the truest sense, the believer's in possession, for he possesses them all in Christ, his lasting possession, though the full fruition of them is reserved for the future eternity.

 11   mouth . . . open unto you--I use no concealment, such as some at Corinth have insinuated (2Cor 4:2). I use all freedom and openness of speech to you as to beloved friends. Hence he introduces here, "O Corinthians" (compare Phil 4:15). The enlargement of his heart towards them (2Cor 7:3) produced his openness of mouth, that is, his unreserved expression of his inmost feelings. As an unloving man is narrow in heart, so the apostle's heart is enlarged by love, so as to take in his converts at Corinth, not only with their graces, but with their many shortcomings (compare 1Kgs 4:29; Ps 119:32; Isa 60:5).

 12   Any constraint ye feel towards me, or narrowness of heart, is not from want of largeness of heart on my part towards you, but from want of it on your part towards me.
bowels--that is, affections (compare 2Cor 12:15).
not straitened in us--that is, for want of room in our hearts to take you in.

 13   Translate, "As a recompense in the same kind . . . be enlarged also yourselves" [ELLICOTT]. "In the same way" as my heart is enlarged towards you (2Cor 6:11), and "as a recompense" for it (Gal 4:12).
I speak as unto my children--as children would naturally be expected to recompense their parents' love with similar love.

 14   Be not--Greek, "Become not."
unequally yoked--"yoked with one alien in spirit." The image is from the symbolical precept of the law (Lev 19:19), "Thou shalt not let thy cattle gender with a diverse kind"; or the precept (Deut 22:10), "Thou shalt not plough with an ox and an ass together." Compare Deut 7:3, forbidding marriages with the heathen; also 1Cor 7:39. The believer and unbeliever are utterly heterogeneous. Too close intercourse with unbelievers in other relations also is included (2Cor 6:16; 1Cor 8:10; 1Cor 10:14).
fellowship--literally, "share," or "participation."
righteousness--the state of the believer, justified by faith.
unrighteousness--rather, as always translated elsewhere, "iniquity"; the state of the unbeliever, the fruit of unbelief.
light--of which believers are the children (1Thess 5:5).

 15   Belial--Hebrew, "worthlessness, unprofitableness, wickedness." As Satan is opposed to God, and Antichrist to Christ; Belial being here opposed to Christ, must denounce all manner of Antichristian uncleanness [BENGEL].
he that believeth with an infidel--Translate, "a believer with an unbeliever."

 16   agreement--accordance of sentiments (compare 1Kgs 18:21; Eph 5:7, Eph 5:11).
the temple of God--that is, you believers (1Cor 3:16; 1Cor 6:19).
with idols--Compare Dagon before the ark (1Sam 5:2-4).
as--"even as God said." Quotation from Lev 26:12; Jer 31:33; Jer 32:38; Ezek 37:26-Ezek 37:27; compare Matt 28:20; John 14:23.
walk in them--rather, "among them." As "dwell" implies the divine presence, so "walk," the divine operation. God's dwelling in the body and soul of saints may be illustrated by its opposite, demoniacal possession of body and soul.
my people--rather, "they shall be to me a people."

 17   Quoted from Isa 52:11, with the freedom of one inspired, who gives variations sanctioned by the Holy Spirit.
be ye separate--"be separated" (Hos 4:17).
touch not the unclean thing--rather, "anything unclean" (2Cor 7:1; Mic 2:10). Touching is more polluting, as implying participation, than seeing.
receive you--The Greek implies, "to myself"; as persons heretofore out of doors, but now admitted within (2Cor 5:1-10). With this accords the clause, "Come out from among them," namely, so as to be received to me. So Ezek 20:41, "I will accept you"; and Zeph 3:19, "gather her that was driven out." "The intercourse of believers with the world should resemble that of angels, who, when they have been sent a message from heaven, discharge their office with the utmost promptness, and joyfully fly back home to the presence of God" (1Cor 7:31; 1Cor 5:9-10).

 18   Translate, "I will be to you in the relation of a Father, and ye shall be to me in the relation of sons and daughters." This is a still more endearing relation than (2Cor 6:16), "I will be their God, and they . . . My people." Compare the promise to Solomon (1Chr 28:6; Isa 43:6; Rev 21:3, Rev 21:7; Jer 31:1, Jer 31:9).
Lord Almighty--The Lord the Universal Ruler: nowhere else found but in Revelation. The greatness of the Promiser enhances the greatness of the promises.