Elberfelder Bible - unrevised version (ca. 1900)

1Und am 24. Tage dieses Monats versammelten sich die Kinder Israel unter Fasten, und in Sacktuch gekleidet, und mit Erde auf ihren Häuptern. 2Und der Same Israels sonderte sich ab von allen Kindern der Fremde; und sie traten hin und bekannten ihre Sünden und die Ungerechtigkeiten ihrer Väter. 3Und sie standen auf an ihrer Stelle und lasen in dem Buche des Gesetzes Jehovas, ihres Gottes, ein Viertel des Tages. Und ein anderes Viertel des Tages bekannten sie ihre Sünden und warfen sich nieder vor Jehova, ihrem Gott. 4Und Jeschua und Bani, Kadmiel, Schebanja, Bunni, Scherebja, Bani, Kenani traten auf die Erhöhung der Leviten, und sie schrieen mit lauter Stimme zu Jehova, ihrem Gott. 5Und die Leviten Jeschua und Kadmiel, Bani, Haschabneja, Scherebja, Hodija, Schebanja, Pethachja sprachen: Stehet auf, preiset Jehova, euren Gott, von Ewigkeit zu Ewigkeit! Und man preise deinen herrlichen Namen, der erhaben ist über allen Preis und Ruhm! 6Du bist, der da ist, Jehova, du allein; du hast die Himmel gemacht, der Himmel Himmel und all ihr Heer, die Erde und alles, was darauf ist, die Meere und alles, was in ihnen ist. Und du machst dies alles lebendig, und das Heer des Himmels betet dich an. 7Du bist es, Jehova, Gott, der du Abram erwählt und ihn aus Ur in Chaldäa herausgeführt, und ihm den Namen Abraham gegeben hast. 8Und du hast sein Herz treu vor dir erfunden und hast mit ihm den Bund gemacht, das Land der Kanaaniter, der Hethiter, der Amoriter und der Perisiter und der Jebusiter und der Girgasiter zu geben - seinem Samen es zu geben; und du hast deine Worte erfüllt, denn du bist gerecht. 9Und du hast das Elend unserer Väter in Ägypten angesehen, und hast ihr Geschrei am Schilfmeere gehört. 10Und du hast Zeichen und Wunder getan an dem Pharao und an allen seinen Knechten und an allem Volke seines Landes; denn du wußtest, daß sie in Übermut gegen sie gehandelt hatten; und du hast dir einen Namen gemacht, wie es an diesem Tage ist. 11Und das Meer hast du vor ihnen gespalten, und sie zogen mitten durch das Meer auf dem Trockenen; aber ihre Verfolger hast du in die Tiefen gestürzt, wie einen Stein in mächtige Wasser. 12Und in einer Wolkensäule hast du sie geleitet des Tages, und in einer Feuersäule des Nachts, um ihnen den Weg zu erleuchten, auf welchem sie ziehen sollten. 13Und auf den Berg Sinai bist du herabgestiegen, und hast vom Himmel her mit ihnen geredet; und du hast ihnen gerade Rechte und Gesetze der Wahrheit, gute Satzungen und Gebote gegeben. 14Und deinen heiligen Sabbath hast du ihnen kundgetan, und hast ihnen Gebote und Satzungen und ein Gesetz geboten durch Mose, deinen Knecht. 15Und Brot vom Himmel hast du ihnen gegeben für ihren Hunger, und Wasser aus dem Felsen ihnen hervorgebracht für ihren Durst; und du hast ihnen gesagt, daß sie hineinziehen sollten, um das Land in Besitz zu nehmen, welches du ihnen zu geben geschworen hattest. 16Aber sie, nämlich unsere Väter, waren übermütig, und sie verhärteten ihren Nacken und hörten nicht auf deine Gebote. 17Und sie weigerten sich zu gehorchen, und gedachten nicht deiner Wunder, welche du an ihnen getan hattest; sie verhärteten ihren Nacken und setzten sich in ihrer Widerspenstigkeit ein Haupt, um zu ihrer Knechtschaft zurückzukehren. Du aber bist ein Gott der Vergebung, gnädig und barmherzig, langsam zum Zorn und groß an Güte, und du verließest sie nicht. 18Sogar als sie sich ein gegossenes Kalb machten und sprachen: Das ist dein Gott, der dich aus Ägypten heraufgeführt hat! und große Schmähungen verübten, 19verließest du in deinen großen Erbarmungen sie doch nicht in der Wüste. Die Wolkensäule wich nicht von ihnen des Tages, um sie auf dem Wege zu leiten, noch die Feuersäule des Nachts, um ihnen den Weg zu erleuchten, auf welchem sie ziehen sollten. 20Und du gabst ihnen deinen guten Geist, um sie zu unterweisen; und dein Manna versagtest du nicht ihrem Munde, und du gabst ihnen Wasser für ihren Durst. 21Und vierzig Jahre lang versorgtest du sie in der Wüste, sie hatten keinen Mangel; ihre Kleider zerfielen nicht, und ihre Füße schwollen nicht. 22Und du gabst ihnen Königreiche und Völker und verteiltest ihnen dieselben nach Gegenden; und sie nahmen das Land Sihons in Besitz, sowohl das Land des Königs von Hesbon, als auch das Land Ogs, des Königs von Basan. 23Und ihre Söhne mehrtest du wie die Sterne des Himmels; und du brachtest sie in das Land, von welchem du ihren Vätern gesagt hattest, daß sie hineingehen sollten, um es in Besitz zu nehmen; 24und die Söhne kamen hinein und nahmen das Land in Besitz. Und du beugtest vor ihnen die Bewohner des Landes, die Kanaaniter, und gabst sie in ihre Hand, sowohl ihre Könige als auch die Völker des Landes, um mit ihnen zu tun nach ihrem Wohlgefallen. 25Und sie nahmen feste Städte ein und ein fettes Land, und nahmen Häuser in Besitz, die mit allerlei Gut gefüllt waren, ausgehauene Brunnen, Weinberge und Olivengärten und Obstbäume in Menge. Und sie aßen und wurden satt und fett und ließen sich's wohl sein durch deine große Güte. 26Aber sie wurden widerspenstig und empörten sich gegen dich, und warfen dein Gesetz hinter ihren Rücken; und sie ermordeten deine Propheten, welche wider sie zeugten, um sie zu dir zurückzuführen; und sie verübten große Schmähungen. 27Da gabst du sie in die Hand ihrer Bedränger, und diese bedrängten sie; und zur Zeit ihrer Bedrängnis schrieen sie zu dir, und du hörtest vom Himmel her und gabst ihnen Retter nach deinen großen Erbarmungen, und diese retteten sie aus der Hand ihrer Bedränger. 28Aber sobald sie Ruhe hatten, taten sie wiederum Böses vor dir. Da überließest du sie der Hand ihrer Feinde, daß diese über sie herrschten; und sie schrieen wiederum zu dir, und du hörtest vom Himmel her und errettetest sie nach deinen Erbarmungen viele Male. 29Und du zeugtest wider sie, um sie zu deinem Gesetz zurückzuführen, sie aber waren übermütig und gehorchten deinen Geboten nicht, sondern sündigten wider deine Rechte, durch welche der Mensch, wenn er sie tut, leben wird; und sie zogen die Schulter widerspenstig zurück und verhärteten ihren Nacken und gehorchten nicht. 30Und du verzogest mit ihnen viele Jahre und zeugtest wider sie durch deinen Geist, durch deine Propheten, aber sie gaben kein Gehör. Da gabst du sie in die Hand der Völker der Länder. 31Aber in deinen großen Erbarmungen hast du ihnen nicht den Garaus gemacht und sie nicht verlassen; denn du bist ein gnädiger und barmherziger Gott. 32Und nun, unser Gott, du großer, starker und furchtbarer Gott, der den Bund und die Güte bewahrt, laß nicht gering vor dir sein alle die Mühsal, die uns betroffen hat, unsere Könige, unsere Obersten und unsere Priester und unsere Propheten und unsere Väter und dein ganzes Volk, seit den Tagen der Könige von Assyrien bis auf diesen Tag! 33Doch du bist gerecht in allem, was über uns gekommen ist; denn du hast nach der Wahrheit gehandelt, wir aber, wir haben gesetzlos gehandelt. 34Und unsere Könige, unsere Obersten, unsere Priester und unsere Väter haben dein Gesetz nicht gehalten, und haben nicht gemerkt auf deine Gebote und auf deine Zeugnisse, womit du wider sie gezeugt hast. 35Und sie haben dir nicht gedient in ihrem Königreiche und in der Fülle deiner Güter, welche du ihnen gegeben, und in dem weiten und fetten Lande, das du vor sie gelegt hattest, und sind nicht umgekehrt von ihren bösen Handlungen. 36Siehe, wir sind heute Knechte; und das Land, welches du unseren Vätern gegeben hast, um seine Früchte und seine Güter zu genießen, - siehe, wir sind Knechte in demselben! 37Und seinen Ertrag mehrt es für die Könige, die du um unserer Sünden willen über uns gesetzt hast; und sie schalten über unsere Leiber und über unser Vieh nach ihrem Wohlgefallen, und wir sind in großer Bedrängnis.


Matthew Henry - Complete Commentary
 1   We have here a general account of a public fast which the children of Israel kept, probably by order from Nehemiah, by and with the advice and consent of the chief of the fathers. It was a fast that men appointed, but such a fast as God had chosen; for, 1. It was a day to afflict the soul, Isa 58:5. Probably they assembled in the courts of the temple, and they there appeared in sackcloth and in the posture of mourners, with earth on their heads, Neh 9:1. By these outward expressions of sorrow and humiliation they gave glory to God, took shame to themselves, and stirred up one another to repentance. They were restrained from weeping, Neh 8:9, but now they were directed to weep. The joy of our holy feasts must give way to the sorrow of our solemn fasts when they come. Every thing is beautiful in its season. 2. It was a day to loose the bands of wickedness, and that is the fast that God has chosen, Isa 58:6. Without this, spreading sackcloth and ashes under us is but a jest. The seed of Israel, because they were a holy seed, appropriated to God and more excellent than their neighbours, separated themselves from all strangers with whom they had mingled and joined in affinity, Neh 9:2. Ezra had separated them from their strange wives some years before, but they had relapsed into the same sin, and had either made marriages or at least made friendships with them, and contracted such an intimacy as was a snare to them. But now they separated themselves from the strange children as well as from the strange wives. Those that intend by prayers and covenants to join themselves to God must separate themselves from sin and sinners; for what communion hath light with darkness? 3. It was a day of communion with God. They fasted to him, even to him (Zech 7:5); for, (1.) They spoke to him in prayer, offered their pious and devout affections to him in the confession of sin and the adoration of him as the Lord and their God. Fasting without prayer is a body without a soul, a worthless carcase. (2.) They heard him speaking to them by his word; for they read in the book of the law, which is very proper on fasting days, that, in the glass of the law, we may see our deformities and defilements, and know what to acknowledge and what to amend. The word will direct and quicken prayer, for by it the Spirit helps our praying infirmities. Observe how the time was equally divided between these two. Three hours (for that is the fourth part of a day) they spent in reading, expounding, and applying the scriptures, and three hours in confessing sin and praying; so that they staid together six hours, and spent all the time in the solemn acts of religion, without saying, Behold, what a weariness is it! The varying of the exercises made it the less tedious, and, as the word they read would furnish them with matter for prayer, so prayer would make the word the more profitable. Bishop Patrick thinks that they spent the whole twelve hours of the day in devotion, that from six o'clock in the morning till nine they read, and then from nine to twelve they prayed, from twelve to three they read again, and from three till six at night they prayed again. The word of a fast day is good work, and therefore we should endeavour to make a day's work, a good day's work, of it.

 4   We have here an account how the work of this fast-day was carried on. 1. The names of the ministers that were employed. They are twice named (Neh 9:4, Neh 9:5), only with some variation of the names. Either they prayed successively, according to that rule which the apostle gives (1Cor 14:31, You may all prophesy one by one ), or, as some think, there were eight several congregations at some distance from each other, and each had a Levite to preside in it. 2. The work itself in which they employed themselves. (1.) They prayed to God, cried to him with a loud voice (Neh 9:4), for the pardon of the sins of Israel and God's favour to them. They cried aloud, not that God might the better hear them, as Baal's worshippers, but that the people might, and to excite their fervency. (2.) They praised God; for the work of praise is not unseasonable on a fast-day; in all acts of devotion we must aim at this, to give unto God the glory due to his name. The summary of their prayers we have here upon record; whether drawn up before, as a directory to the Levites what to enlarge on, or recollected after, as the heads of what they had in prayer enlarged upon, is uncertain. Much more no doubt was said than is here recorded, else confessing and worshipping God would not have taken up a fourth part of the day, much less two-fourths.
In this solemn address to God we have,
I. An awful adoration of God, as a perfect and glorious Being, and the fountain of all beings, Neh 9:5, Neh 9:6. The congregation is called upon to signify their concurrence herewith by standing up; and so the minister directs himself to God, Blessed be thy glorious name. God is here adored, 1. As the only living and true God: Thou art Jehovah alone, self-existent and independent; there is no God besides thee. 2. As the Creator of all things: Thou hast made heaven, earth, and seas, and all that is in them. The first article of our creed is fitly made the first article of our praises. 3. As the great Protector of the whole creation: Thou preservest in being all the creatures thou hast given being to. God's providence extends itself to the highest beings, for they need it, and to the meanest, for they are not slighted by it. What God has made he will preserve; what he does is done effectually, Qoh 3:14. 4. As the object of the creatures' praises: The host of heaven, the world of holy angels, worshippeth thee, Neh 9:6. But thy name is exalted above all blessing and praise; it needs not the praises of the creatures, nor is any addition made to its glory by those praises. The best performances in the praising of God's name, even those of the angels themselves, fall infinitely short of what it deserves. It is not only exalted above our blessing, but above all blessing. Put all the praises of heaven and earth together, and the thousandth part is not said of what might and should be said of the glory of God. Our goodness extendeth not to him.
II. A thankful acknowledgment of God's favours to Israel.
1. Many of these are here reckoned up in order before him, and very much to the purpose, for, (1.) We must take all occasions to mention the loving kindness of the Lord, and in every prayer give thanks. (2.) When we are confessing our sins it is good to take notice of the mercies of God as the aggravations of our sins, that we may be the more humbled and ashamed, and call ourselves by the scandalous name of ungrateful. (3.) When we are seeking to God for mercy and relief in the time of distress it is an encouragement to our faith and hope to look back upon our own and our fathers' experiences: Lord, thou hast done well for us formerly; shall it be all undone again? Art not thou the same God still?
2. Let us briefly observe the particular instances of God's goodness to Israel here recounted. (1.) The call of Abraham, Neh 9:7. God's favour to him was distinguishing: Thou didst choose him. His grace in him was powerful to bring him out of Ur of the Chaldees, and, in giving him the name of Abraham, he put honour upon him as his own and assured him that he should be the father of many nations. Look unto Abraham your father (Isa 51:2) and see free grace glorified in him. (2.) The covenant God made with him to give the land of Canaan to him and his seed, a type of the better country, Neh 9:8. And this covenant was sure, for God found Abraham's heart faithful before God, and found it so because he made it so (for faith is not of ourselves, it is the gift of God), and therefore performed his words; for with the upright he will show himself upright, and wherever he finds a faithful heart he will be found a faithful God. (3.) The deliverance of Israel out of Egypt, Neh 9:9-Neh 9:11. It was seasonable to remember this now that they were interceding for the perfecting of their deliverance out of Babylon. They were then delivered, in compassion to their affliction, in answer to their cry, and in resistance of the pride and insolence of their persecutors. Wherein they dealt proudly, God showed himself above them (Exod 18:11), and so got himself a name; for he said, I will get me honour upon Pharaoh. Even to this day the name of God is glorified for that wonderful work. It was done miraculously: signs and wonders were shown for the effecting of it; their deliverance was the destruction of their enemies; they were thrown into the deeps, as irrecoverably as a stone into the mighty waters. (4.) The conducting of them through the wilderness, by the pillar of cloud and fire, which showed them which way they should go, when they should remove, and when and where they should rest, directed all their stages and all their steps, Neh 9:12. It was also a visible token of God's presence with them, to guide and guard them. They mention this again (Neh 9:19), observing that though they had by their sins provoked God to withdraw from them, and leave them to wander and perish in the by-paths of the wilderness, yet in his manifold mercy he continued to lead them, and took not away the pillar of cloud and fire, Neh 9:19. When mercies, though forfeited, are continued, we are bound to be doubly thankful. (5.) The plentiful provision made for them in the wilderness, that they might not perish for hunger: Thou gavest them bread from heaven, and water out of the rock (Neh 9:15), and, to hold up their hearts, a promise that they should go in and possess the land of Canaan. They had meat and drink, food convenient in the way, and the good land at their journey's end; what would they more? This also is repeated (Neh 9:20, Neh 9:21) as that which was continued, notwithstanding their provocations: Forty years didst thou sustain them. Never was people so long nursed and so tenderly; they were wonderfully provided for, and, in so long a time, their clothes waxed not old, and, though the way was rough and tedious, their feet swelled not; for they were carried as upon eagles' wings. (6.) The giving of the law upon Mount Sinai. This was the greatest favour of all that was done them and the greatest honour that was put upon them. The Lawgiver was very glorious, Neh 9:13. Thou didst not only send, but camest down thyself, and didst speak with them, Deut 4:33. The law given was very good. No nation under the sun had such right judgments, true laws, and good statutes, Deut 4:8. The moral and judicial precepts were true and right, founded upon natural equity and the eternal reasons of good and evil; and even the ceremonial institutions were good, tokens of God's goodness to them and types of gospel grace. Particular notice is taken of the law of the fourth commandment as a great favour to them: Thou madest known unto them thy holy sabbath, which was a token of God's particular favour to them, distinguishing them from the nations who had revolted from God and quite lost that ancient part of revealed religion, and was likewise a means of keeping up their communion with him. And, with the law and the sabbath, he gave his good Spirit to instruct them, Neh 9:20. Besides the law given on Mount Sinai, the five books of Moses, which he wrote as he was moved by the Holy Ghost, were constant instructions to them, particularly the book of Deuteronomy, in which God's Spirit by Moses instructed them fully. Bezaleel was filled with the Spirit of God (Exod 31:3), so was Joshua (Num 27:18), and Caleb had another spirit. (7.) The putting of them in possession of Canaan, that good land, kingdoms and nations, Neh 9:22. They were made so numerous as to replenish it (Neh 9:23) and so victorious as to be masters of it (Neh 9:24); the natives were given into their hands, that they might do with them as they would, set their feet, if they pleased, on the necks of their kings. Thus they gained a happy settlement, Neh 9:25. Look upon their cities, and you see them strong and well fortified. Look into their houses, and you find them fine and well furnished, filled with all sorts of rich goods. Take a view of the country, and you will say that you never saw such a fat land, so well stored with vineyards and oliveyards. All these they found made ready to their hands; so they delighted themselves in the gifts of God's great goodness. They could not wish to be more easy or happy than they were, or might have been, in Canaan, had it not been their own fault. (8.) God's great readiness to pardon their sins, and work deliverance for them, when they had by their provocations brought his judgments upon themselves. When they were in the wilderness they found him a God ready to pardon (Neh 9:17), a God of pardons (so the margin reads it), who had proclaimed his name as a God forgiving iniquity, transgression, and sin, who has power to forgive sin, is willing to forgive, and glories in forgiving. Though they forsook him, he did not forsake them, as justly he might have done, but continued his care of them and favour to them. Afterwards, when they were settled in Canaan and sold themselves by their sins into the hands of their enemies, upon their submission and humble request he gave them saviours (Neh 9:27), the judges, by whom God wrought many a great deliverance for them when they were on the brink of ruin. This he did, not for any merit of theirs, for their deserved nothing but ill, but according to his mercies, his manifold mercies. (9.) The admonitions and fair warnings he gave them by his servants the prophets. When he delivered them from their troubles he testified against their sins (Neh 9:28, Neh 9:29), that they might not misconstrue their deliverances as connivances at their wickedness. That which was designed in all the testimonies which the prophets bore against them was to bring them again to God's law, to lay their necks under its yoke, and walk by its rule. The end of our ministry is to bring people to God by bringing them to his law, not to bring them to ourselves by bringing them under any law of ours. This we have again (Neh 9:30): Thou testifiedst against them by thy Spirit in thy prophets. The testimony of the prophets was the testimony of the Spirit in the prophets, and it was the Spirit of Christ in them, 1Pet 1:10, 1Pet 1:11. They spoke as they were moved by the Holy Ghost, and what they said is to be received accordingly. God gave them his Spirit to instruct them (Neh 9:20), but, they not receiving that instruction, he did by his Spirit testify against them. If we will not suffer God's word to teach and rule us, it will accuse and judge us. God sends prophets, in compassion to his people (2Chr 36:15), that he may not send judgments. (10.) The lengthening out of his patience and the moderating of his rebukes: Many years did he forbear them (Neh 9:30), as loth to punish them, and waiting to see if they would repent; and, when he did punish them, he did not utterly consume them nor forsake them, Neh 9:31. Had he forsaken them they would have been utterly consumed; but he did not stir up all his wrath, for he designed their reformation, not their destruction. Thus do they multiply, thus do they magnify, the instances of God's goodness to Israel, and we should do in like manner, that the goodness of God, duly considered by us, may lead us to repentance, and overcome our badness. The more thankful we are for God's mercies the more humbled we shall be for our own sins.
III. Here is a penitent confession of sin, their own sins, and the sins of their fathers. The mention of these is interwoven with the memorials of God's favours, that God's goodness, notwithstanding their provocations, might appear the more illustrious, and their sins, notwithstanding his favours, might appear the more heinous. Many passages in this acknowledgment of sins and mercies are taken from Eze. 20:5-26, as will appear by comparing those verses with these; for the word of God is of use to direct us in prayer, and by what he says to us we may learn what to say to him.
1. They begin with the sins of Israel in the wilderness: They, even our fathers (so it might better be read), dealt proudly (though, considering what they were, and how lately they had come out of slavery, they had no reason to be proud), and hardened their necks, Neh 9:16. Pride is at the bottom of men's obstinacy and disobedience; they think it below them to bow their necks to God's yoke, and a piece of state to set up their own will in opposition to the will of God himself. (1.) There were two things which they did not duly give heed to, else they would not have done as they did: - The word of God they heard, but they did not hearken to God's commandments; and the works of God they saw, but they were not mindful of his wonders: had they duly considered them as miracles, they would have obeyed from a principle of faith and holy fear; had they duly considered them as mercies, they would have obeyed from a principle of gratitude and holy love. But, when men make no right use either of God's ordinances or of his providences, what can be expected from them? (2.) Two great sins are here specified; which they were guilty of in the wilderness - meditating a return, [1.] To Egyptian slavery, which, for the sake of the garlick and onions, they preferred before the glorious liberty of the Israel of God attended with some difficulty and inconvenience. In their rebellion they appointed a captain to return to their bondage, in distrust of God's power and contempt of his holy promise, Neh 9:17. [2.] To Egyptian idolatry: They made a molten calf, and were so sottish as to say, This is thy God.
2. They next bewail the provocations of their fathers after they were put in possession of Canaan. Though they were delighted themselves in God's great goodness, yet that would not prevail to keep them closely to him; for, nevertheless, they were disobedient (Neh 9:26) and wrought great provocations. For, (1.) They abused God's prophets, slew them because they testified against them to turn them to God (Neh 9:26), so returning the greatest injury for the greatest kindness. (2.) They abused his favours: After they had rest, they did evil again, Neh 9:28. They were not wrought upon either by their troubles or their deliverances out of trouble. Neither fear nor love would hold them to their duty.
3. They at length come nearer to their own day, and lament the sins which had brought those judgments upon them which they had long been groaning under and were now but in part delivered from: We have done wickedly (Neh 9:33): our kings, our princes, our priests, and our fathers, have all been guilty, and we in them, Neh 9:34. Two things they charge upon themselves and their fathers, as the cause of their troubles: - (1.) A contempt of the good law God had given them: They sinned against thy judgments, the dictates of divine wisdom, and the demands of divine sovereignty. Though they were told how much it would be for their own advantage to govern themselves by them, for, if a man do them, he shall live in them (Neh 9:29), yet they would not do them, and so, in effect, said that they would not live. They forsook their own mercies. This abridgment of the covenant, Do this and live, is taken from Ezek 20:13, and is quoted, Galat 3:12, to prove that the law is not of faith; it was not them as it is now, Believe and live, yet they gave a withdrawing shoulder, so it is in the margin. They pretended to lay their shoulders under the burden of God's law, and put their shoulders to the work, but they proved withdrawing shoulders; they soon flew off, would not keep to it, would not abide by it. When it came, as we say, to the setting to, they shrunk back, and would not hear. They had a backsliding heart; and, though God by his prophets called them to return, they would not give ear, Neh 9:30. He stretched out his hands, but no man regarded. (2.) A contempt of the good land god had given them (Neh 9:35): Our kings have not served thee in their kingdom, have not used their power for the support of religion; our people have not served thee in the use of the gifts of thy great goodness, and in that large and fat land which thou not only gavest them by thy grant, but gavest before them by the expulsion of the natives and the complete victories they obtained over them. Those that would not serve God in their own land were made to serve their enemies in a strange land, as was threatened, Deut 28:47, Deut 28:48. It is a pity that a good land should have bad inhabitants, but so it was with Sodom. Fatness and fulness often make men proud and sensual.
IV. Here is a humble representation of the judgments of God, which they had been and were now under.
1. Former judgments are remembered as aggravations of their sins, that they had not taken warning. In the days of the judges their enemies vexed them (Neh 9:27); and, when they did evil again, God did again leave them in the hand of their enemies, who could not have touched them if God had not given them up; but, when God left them, they got and kept dominion over them.
2. Their present calamitous state is laid before the Lord (Neh 9:36, Neh 9:37): We are servants this day. Free-born Israelites are enslaved, and the land which they had long held by a much more honourable tenure than grand sergeantry itself, even by immediate grant from the crown of heaven to them as a peculiar people above all people on the earth, they now held by as base a tenure as villenage itself, by, from, and under, the kings of Persia, whose vassals they were. A sad change! But see what work sin makes! They were bound to personal service: They have dominion over our bodies; they held all they had precariously, were tenants at will, and the land-tax that they paid was so great that it amounted even to a rack-rent; so that all the rents, issues, and profits, of their land did in effect accrue to the king, and it was as much as they could do to get a bare subsistence for themselves and their families out of it. This, they honestly own, was for their sins. Poverty and slavery are the fruits of sin; it is sin that brings us into all our distresses.
V. Here is their address to God under these calamities. 1. By way of request, that their trouble might not seem little, Neh 9:32. It is the only petition in all this prayer. The trouble was universal; it had come on their kings, princes, priests, prophets, fathers, and all their people; they had all shared in the sin (Neh 9:34), and now all shared in the judgment. It was of long continuance: From the time of the kings of Assyria, who carried the ten tribes captive, unto this day. Lord, let it not all seem little and not worthy to be regarded, or not needing to be relieved. They do not prescribe to God what he shall do for them, but leave it to him, only desiring he would please to take cognizance of it, remembering that when he saw the affliction of his people in Egypt to be great he came down to deliver them, Exod 3:7, Exod 3:8. In this request they have an eye to God as one that is to be feared (for he is the great, the mighty, and the terrible, God ), and as one that is to be trusted, for he is our God in covenant, and a God that keeps covenant and mercy. 2. By way of acknowledgment, notwithstanding, that really it was less than they deserved, Neh 9:33. They own the justice of God in all their troubles, that he had done them no wrong. We have done wickedly in breaking thy laws, and therefore thou hast done right in bringing all these miseries upon us. Note, It becomes us, when we are under the rebukes of divine Providence, though ever so sharp and ever so long, to justify God and to judge ourselves; for he will be clear when he judgeth. Pss 51:4.
VI. Here is the result and conclusion of this whole matter. After this long remonstrance of their case was made they came at last to this resolution, that they would return to God and to their duty, and oblige themselves never to forsake God, but always to continue in their duty. Because of all this, we make a sure covenant with God; in consideration of our frequent departures from God, we will now more firmly than ever bind ourselves to him. Because we have smarted so much for sin, we will now stedfastly resolve against it, that we may not any more withdraw the shoulder. Observe, 1. This covenant was made with serious consideration. It is the result of a chain of suitable thoughts, and so is a reasonable service. 2. With great solemnity. It was written, in perpetuam rei memoriam - that it might remain a memorial for all ages; it was sealed and left upon record, that it might be a witness against them if they dealt deceitfully. 3. With join consent: We make it; we are all agreed in making it, and do it unanimously, that we may strengthen the hands one of another. 4. With fixed resolution: It is a sure covenant, without reserving a power of revocation. It is what we will live and die by, and never go back from. A certain number of the princes, priests, and Levites, were chosen as the representatives of the congregation, to subscribe and seal it for and in the name of the rest. Now was fulfilled that promise concerning the Jews, that, when they returned out of captivity, they should join themselves to the Lord in a perpetual covenant (Jer 50:5), and that in Isa 44:5, that they should subscribe with their hand unto the Lord. He that bears an honest mind will not startle at assurances; nor will those that know the deceitfulness of their own hearts think them needless.