1Als Jaakob sah, daß Markt in Ägypten war, sprach Jaakob zu seinen Söhnen: Warum seht ihr einander an? 2Und er sprach: Da habe ich gehört, daß Markt in Ägypten ist - zieht dort hinab und ermarktet von dort für uns, daß wir am Leben bleiben und nicht sterben. 3Jossefs Brüder zogen hinab, ihrer zehn, Korn aus Ägypten zu ermarkten. 4Den Binjamin aber, Jossefs Vollbruder, schickte Jaakob nicht mit seinen Brüdern, denn er sprach: Es könnte sonst ein Leides ihn treffen! 5Jissraels Söhne kamen zumarkt inmitten der Gekommnen, denn der Hunger war im Lande Kanaan. 6Jossef aber war der Machthaber über das Land, er wars der Markt hielt für alles Volk des Landes. Jossefs Brüder kamen und neigten sich vor ihm, Stirn zur Erde. 7Jossef sah seine Brüder und kannte sie, aber er stellte sich unbekannt gegen sie und redete hart mit ihnen. Er sprach zu ihnen: Woher seid ihr gekommen? Sie sprachen: Aus dem Lande Kanaan, Eßware zu ermarkten. 8Aber ob schon Jossef seine Brüder kannte, sie kannten ihn nicht. 9Und Jossef gedachte der Träume, die er von ihnen geträumt hatte. Er sprach zu ihnen: Späher seid ihr! die Blöße des Landes zu sichten seid ihr gekommen! 10Sie sprachen zu ihm: Nein, mein Herr! Deine Knechte sind gekommen, Eßware zu ermarkten. 11Wir alle sind Söhne Eines Mannes, rechtschaffen sind wir, nie sind deine Knechte Späher gewesen. 12Er aber sprach zu ihnen: Nein! sondern ihr seid gekommen die Blöße des Landes zu sichten! 13Sie sprachen: Deiner Knechte sind zwölf, Brüder sind wir, Söhne Eines Mannes, im Lande Kanaan, so nämlich: der Jüngste ist bei unserm Vater heute, und einer ist nicht mehr da. 14Jossef sprach zu ihnen: Das ists, was ich zu euch geredet habe, sprechend: Späher seid ihr. 15Daran sollt ihr erprobt werden: Beim Leben Pharaos! ob je ihr von hinnen sollt, es sei denn, euer jüngster Bruder kommt her! 16Schickt von euch einen, daß er euren Bruder herhole. ihr aber bleibt gefangen. Erprobt sollen eure Reden werden, ob Vertrauen mit euch sein darf - und wenn nicht: beim Leben Pharaos, Späher seid ihr. 17Er ließ sie mitsammen drei Tage in Gewahrsam halten. 18Am dritten Tag sprach Jossef zu ihnen: Seid dies zu tun bereit, so bleibt ihr am Leben, denn Gottes bin ich fürchtig: 19seid ihr rechtschaffen, sitze von euch Brüdern einer im Haus eures Gewahrsams gefangen, ihr aber geht, bringt Marktgetreide für den Hungerbedarf eurer Häuser, 20und dann sollt ihr euren jüngsten Bruder zu mir bringen, daß eure Worte sich getreu erzeigen und ihr nicht sterben müßt. Sie waren bereit so zu tun. 21Aber sie sprachen einer zum andern: Dennoch, schuldig sind wir: an unserem Bruder! wir sahen die Drangsal seiner Seele, wie er uns anflehte, und wir hörten nicht! darum ist diese Drangsal an uns gekommen! 22Ruben antwortete ihnen, sprechend: Sprach ich nicht zu euch, sprach: Versündigt euch nimmer an dem Kind! ihr aber habt nicht gehört - sein Blut, da, nun wirds heimgefordert! 23Sie wußten nicht, daß Jossef hinhörte, denn der Dolmetsch war zwischen ihnen. 24Er aber wandte sich von ihnen und weinte. Dann kehrte er sich wieder zu ihnen und redete zu ihnen und ließ Schimon von ihnen nehmen und ihn vor ihren Augen gefangensetzen. 25Jossef gebot, daß man ihr Zeug mit Korn fülle und ihr Silber jedem in seinen Sack zurücklege und ihnen Zehrung auf den Weg gebe. Man tat ihnen so. 26Sie trugen ihr Marktgetreide auf ihre Esel und gingen von dannen. 27Als aber der eine seinen Sack öffnete, um in der Herberge seinem Esel Futter zu geben, sah er sein Silber: da wars, an der Mündung seines Ranzens. 28Er sprach zu seinen Brüdern: Mein Silber ist zurückgeraten, da ists gar in meinem Ranzen!Ihr Herz entwich, sie erbebten einander zu, sprechend: Was hat uns Gott da getan! 29Sie kamen zu ihrem Vater Jaakob ins Land Kanaan und meldeten ihm alles, was sie betroffen hatte, sprechend: 30Hart hat mit uns der Mann geredet, der Herr des Landes, er gab uns für Späher im Land aus. 31Wir sprachen zu ihm: Wir sind rechtschaffen, nie sind wir Späher gewesen, 32zwölf sind wir, Brüder, Söhne unsres Vaters, einer ist nicht mehr da, der Jüngste ist bei unserm Vater im Lande Kanaan heute.. 33Aber der Mann, der Herr des Landes, sprach zu uns: Daraus werde ich wissen, ob ihr rechtschaffen seid: von euch Brüdern einen hinterlasset bei mir, den Hungerbedarf eurer Häuser nehmt und geht, 34und euren jüngsten Bruder bringet mir, dann werde ich wissen, daß ihr nicht Späher seid, daß ihr rechtschaffen seid, euren Bruder gebe ich euch, und ihr mögt das Land bereisen. 35Es geschah aber, wie sie ihre Säcke leerten: da war eines jeden Silberbündel in seinem Sack. Sie sahen ihre Silberbündel an, sie und ihr Vater, und erschraken. 36Jaakob, ihr Vater, sprach zu ihnen: Ihr verwaist mich! Jossef ist nicht mehr da, Schimon ist nicht da, nun wollt ihr Binjamin nehmen - auf mich gerät das alles! 37Ruben sprach zu seinem Vater, sprach: Meine beiden Söhne töte, lasse ich dir ihn nicht wiederkommen, gib ihn an meine Hand, und ich, ich bringe dir ihn zurück! 38Er aber sprach: Nicht soll mein Sohn mit euch hinab! sein Bruder ist ja tot, er allein ist überblieben - träfe ein Leides ihn auf dem Weg, den ihr geht, ihr ließet mein Grauhaar im Jammer zum Gruftreich hinabfahren.
Matthew Henry - Complete Commentary 1 Though Jacob's sons were all married, and had families of their own, yet, it should seem, they were still incorporated in one society, under the conduct and presidency of their father Jacob. We have here,
I. The orders he gave them to go and buy corn in Egypt,
Gen 42:1,
Gen 42:2. Observe, 1. The famine was grievous in the land of Canaan. It is observable that all the three patriarches, to whom Canaan was the land of promise, met with famine in that land, which was not only to try their faith, whether they could trust God though he should slay them, though he should starve them, but to teach them to seek the better country, that is, the heavenly,
Hebre 11:14-
Hebre 11:16. We have need of something to wean us from this world, and make us long for a better. 2. Still, when there was famine in Canaan, there was corn in Egypt. Thus Providence orders it, that one place should be a succour and supply to another; for we are all brethren. The Egyptians, the seed of accursed Ham, have plenty, when God's blessed Israel want: Thus God, in dispensing common favours, often crosses hands. Yet observe, The plenty Egypt now had was owing, under God, to Joseph's prudence and care: if his brethren had not sold him into Egypt, but respected him according to his merits, who knows but he might have done the same thing for Jacob's family which now he had done for Pharaoh, and the Egyptians might then have come to them to buy corn? but those who drive away from among them wise and good men know not what they do. 3.
Jacob saw that there was corn in Egypt; he saw the corn that his neighbours had bought there and brought home. It is a spur to exertion to see where supplies are to be had, and to see others supplied. Shall others get food for their souls, and shall we starve while it is to be had? 4. He reproved his sons for delaying to provide corn for their families.
Why do you look one upon another? Note, When we are in trouble and want, it is folly for us to stand looking upon one another, that is, to stand desponding and despairing, as if there were no hope, no help, - to stand disputing either which shall have the honour of going first or which shall have the safety of coming last, - to stand deliberating and debating what we shall do, and doing nothing, - to stand dreaming under a spirit of slumber, as if we had nothing to do, and to stand delaying, as if we had time at command. Let it never be said, We left that to be done tomorrow which we could a well have done today. 5. He quickened them to go to Egypt:
Get you down thither. Masters of families must not only pray for daily bread for their families, and food convenient, but must lay out themselves with care and industry to provide it.
II. Their obedience to these orders,
Gen 42:3. They
went down to buy corn; they did not send their servants, but very prudently went themselves, to lay out their own money. Let none think themselves too great nor too good to take pains. Masters of families should see with their own eyes, and take heed of leaving too much to servants. Only Benjamin went not with them, for he was his father's darling. To Egypt they came, among others, and, having a considerable cargo of corn to buy, they were brought before Joseph himself, who probably expected they would come; and, according to the laws of courtesy,
they bowed down themselves before him, Gen 42:6. Now their empty sheaves did obeisance to his full one. Compare this with
Isa 60:14 and
Revel 3:9.
7 We may well wonder that Joseph, during the twenty years that he had now been in Egypt, especially during the last seven years that he had been in power there, never sent to his father to acquaint him with his circumstances; nay, it is strange that he who so often
went throughout all the land of Egypt (
Gen 41:45,
Gen 41:46) never made an excursion to Canaan, to visit his aged father, when he was in the borders of Egypt, that lay next to Canaan. Perhaps it would not have been above three or four days' journey for him in his chariot. It is a probable conjecture that his whole management of himself in this affair was by special direction from Heaven, that the purpose of God concerning Jacob and his family might be accomplished. When Joseph's brethren came, he knew them by many a satisfactory token, but they knew not him, little thinking to find him there,
Gen 42:8. He
remembered the dreams (
Gen 42:9), but they had forgotten them. The laying up of God's oracles in our hearts will be of excellent use to us in all our conduct. Joseph had an eye to his dreams, which he knew to be divine, in his carriage towards his brethren, and aimed at the accomplishment of them and the bringing of his brethren to repentance for their former sins; and both these points were gained.
I. He showed himself very rigorous and harsh with them. The very manner of his speaking, considering the post he was in, was enough to frighten them; for
he spoke roughly to them, Gen 42:7. He charged them with bad designs against the government (
Gen 42:9), treated them as dangerous persons, saying,
You are spies, and protesting
by the life of Pharaoh that they were so,
Gen 42:16. Some make this an oath, others make it no more than a vehement asseveration, like that,
as thy soul liveth; however it was more than yea, yea, and nay, nay, and therefore came of evil. Note, Bad words are soon learned by converse with those that use them, but not so soon unlearned. Joseph, by being much at court, got the courtier's oath,
By the life of Pharaoh, perhaps designing hereby to confirm his brethren in their belief that he was an Egyptian, and not an Israelite. They knew this was not the language of a son of Abraham. When Peter would prove himself no disciple of Christ, he cursed and swore. Now why was Joseph thus hard upon his brethren? We may be sure it was not from a spirit of revenge, that he might now trample upon those who had formerly trampled upon him; he was not a man of that temper. But, 1. It was to enrich his own dreams, and complete the accomplishment of them. 2. It was to bring them to repentance. 3. It was to get out of them an account of the state of their family, which he longed to know: they would have discovered him if he had asked as a friend, therefore he asks as a judge. Not seeing his brother Benjamin with them, perhaps he began to suspect that they had made away with him too, and therefore gives them occasion to speak of their father and brother. Note, God in his providence sometimes seems harsh with those he loves, and speaks roughly to those for whom yet he has great mercy in store.
II. They, hereupon, were very submissive. They spoke to him with all the respect imaginable:
Nay, my lord (
Gen 42:10) - a great change since they said,
Behold, this dreamer comes. They very modestly deny the charge:
We are no spies. They tell him their business, that they came to buy food, a justifiable errand, and the same that many strangers came to Egypt upon at this time. They undertake to give a particular account of themselves and their family (
Gen 42:13), and this was what they wanted.
III. He clapped them all up in prison for three days,
Gen 42:17. Thus God deals with the souls he designs for special comfort and honour; he first humbles them, and terrifies them, and brings them under a spirit of bondage, and then binds up their wounds by the Spirit of adoption.
IV. He concluded with them, at last, that one of them should be left as a hostage, and the rest should go home and fetch Benjamin. It was a very encouraging word he said to them (
Gen 42:18):
I fear God; as if he had said, You may assure yourselves I will do you no wrong; I dare not, for I know that, high as I am, there is one higher than I. Note, With those that fear God we have reason to expect fair dealing. The fear of God will be a check upon those that are in power, to restrain them from abusing their power to oppression and tyranny. Those that have no one else to stand in awe of ought to stand in awe of their own consciences. See
Neh 5:15,
So did not I, because of the fear of God. 21 Here is, I. The penitent reflection Joseph's brethren made upon the wrong they had formerly done to him,
Gen 42:21. They talked the matter over in the Hebrew tongue, not suspecting that Joseph, whom they took for a native of Egypt, understood them, much less that he was the person they spoke of.
1. They remembered with regret the barbarous cruelty wherewith they persecuted him:
We are verily guilty concerning our brother. We do not read that they said this during their three days' imprisonment; but now, when the matter had come to some issue and they saw themselves still embarrassed, now they began to relent. Perhaps Joseph's mention of
the fear of God (
Gen 42:18) put them upon consideration and extorted this reflection. Now see here, (1.) The office of conscience; it is a remembrancer, to bring to mind things long since said and done, to show us wherein we have erred, though it was long ago, as the reflection here mentioned was above twenty years after the sin was committed. As time will not wear out the guilt of sin, so it will not blot out the records of conscience; when the guilt of this sin of Joseph's brethren was fresh they made light of it, and sat down to eat bread; but now, long afterwards, their consciences reminded them of it. (2.) The benefit of affliction; they often prove the happy and effectual means of awakening conscience, and bringing sin to our remembrance,
Job 13:26. (3.) The evil of guilt concerning our brethren; of all their sins, it was this that conscience now reproached them for. Whenever we think we have wrong done us, we ought to remember the wrong we have done to others,
Qoh 7:21,
Qoh 7:22.
2. Reuben alone remembered, with comfort, that he had been an advocate for his brother, and had done what he could to prevent the mischief they did him (
Gen 42:22):
Spoke I not unto you, saying, Do not sin against the child? Note, (1.) It is an aggravation of any sin that it was committed against admonitions. (2.) When we come to share with others in their calamities, it will be a comfort to us if we have the testimony of our consciences for us that we did not share with them in their iniquities, but, in our places, witnessed against them. This shall be our rejoicing in the day of evil, and shall take out the sting.
II. Joseph's tenderness towards them upon this occasion. He retired from them to weep,
Gen 42:24. Though his reason directed that he should still carry himself as a stranger to them, because they were not as yet humbled enough, yet natural affection could not but work, for he was a man of a tender spirit. This represents the tender mercies of our God towards repenting sinners. See
Jer 31:20,
Since I spoke against him I do earnestly remember him still. See
Judg 10:16.
III. The imprisonment of Simeon,
Gen 42:24. He chose him for the hostage probably because he remembered him to have been his most bitter enemy, or because he observed him now to be least humbled and concerned; he bound him
before their eyes to affect them all; or perhaps it is intimated that, though he bound him with some severity before them, yet afterwards, when they were gone, he took off his bonds.
IV. The dismission of the rest of them. They came for corn, and corn they had; and not only so, but every man had his money restored in his sack's mouth. Thus Christ, our Joseph, gives out supplies without money and without price. Therefore the poor are invited to buy,
Revel 3:17,
Revel 3:18. This put them into great consternation (
Gen 42:28):
Their heart failed them, and they were afraid, saying one to another, What is this that God hath done to us? 1. It was really a merciful event; for I hope they had no wrong done to them when they had their money given them back, but a kindness; yet they were thus terrified by it. Note, (1.) Guilty consciences are apt to take good providences in a bad sense, and to put wrong constructions even upon those things that make for them. They flee when none pursues. (2.) Wealth sometimes brings as much care along with it as want does, and more too. If they had been robbed of their money, they could not have been worse frightened than they were now when they found their money in their sacks. Thus he whose ground brought forth plentifully said,
What shall I do? Luke 12:17.
2. Yet in their circumstances it was very amazing. They knew that the Egyptians abhorred a Hebrew (
Gen 43:32), and therefore, since they could not expect to receive any kindness from them, they concluded that this was done with a design to pick a quarrel with them, and the rather because the man, the lord of the land, had charged them as spies. Their own consciences also were awake, and their sins set in order before them; and this put them into confusion. Note, (1.) When men's spirits are sinking every thing helps to sink them. (2.) When the events of Providence concerning us are surprising it is good to enquire what it is that God has done and is doing with us, and to consider the operation of his hands.
29 Here is, 1. The report which Jacob's sons made to their father of the great distress they had been in in Egypt; how they had been suspected, and threatened, and obliged to leave Simeon a prisoner there, till they should bring Benjamin with them thither. Who would have thought of this when they left home? When we go abroad we should consider how many sad accidents, that we little think of, may befall us before we return home.
We know not what a day may bring forth; we ought therefore to be always ready for the worst. 2. The deep impression this made upon the good man. The very bundles of money which Joseph returned, in kindness to his father, frightened him (
Gen 42:35); for he concluded it was done with some mischievous design, or perhaps suspected his own sons to have committed some offence, and so to have run themselves into a
praemunire -
a penalty, which is intimated in what he says (
Gen 42:36):
Me have you bereaved. He seems to lay the fault upon them; knowing their characters, he feared they had provoked the Egyptians, and perhaps forcibly, or fraudulently, brought home their money. Jacob is here much out of temper. (1.) He has very melancholy apprehensions concerning the present state of his family:
Joseph is not, and Simeon is not; whereas Joseph was in honour and Simeon in the way to it. Note, We often perplex ourselves with our own mistakes, even in matters of fact. True griefs may arise from false intelligence and suppositions,
2Sam 13:31. Jacob gives up Joseph for gone, and Simeon and Benjamin as being in danger; and he concludes,
All these things are against me. It proved otherwise, that all these were for him, were working together for his good and the good of his family: yet here he thinks them all against him. Note, Through our ignorance and mistake, and the weakness of our faith, we often apprehend that to be against us which is really for us. We are afflicted in body, estate, name, and relations; and we think all these things are against us, whereas these are really working for us the weight of glory. (2.) He is at present resolved that Benjamin shall not go down. Reuben will undertake to bring him back in safety (
Gen 42:37), not so much as putting in,
If the Lord will, nor expecting the common disasters of travellers; but he foolishly bids Jacob slay his two sons (which, it is likely, he was very proud of) if he brought him not back; as if the death of two grandsons could satisfy Jacob for the death of a son. No, Jacob's present thoughts are,
My son shall not go down with you. He plainly intimates a distrust of them, remembering that he never saw Joseph since he had been with them; therefore, Benjamin shall not go with you, by the way in which you go, for
you will bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to the grave. Note, It is bad with a family when children conduct themselves so ill that their parents know not how to trust them.
