1Und der Ewige redete zu Mosche und sprach: 2«Rede zu den Kindern Jisraël, daß sie mir eine Hebegabe bringen; von einem jeden, den sein Herz adelt, sollt ihr die Hebegabe für mich nehmen. 3Und dies ist die Hebegabe, die ihr von ihnen nehmen sollt: Gold und Silber und Kupfer; 4Blaupurpur und Rotpurpur, Karmesin, Byssus und Ziegenhaare; 5und rotgegerbte Widderfelle, Tahaschfelle und Akazienholz; 6Öl zur Beleuchtung, Gewürze zum Salböl und zum Räucherwerk von Spezereien; 7Schohamsteine und Steine zum Einsetzen für das Efod und den Brustschild. 8Und sie sollen mir ein Heiligtum errichten, daß ich unter ihnen wohne. 9Ganz so wie ich dirs zeige, die Bauform der Wohnung und aller ihrer Geräte, so sollt ihr es anfertigen. 10Und sie sollen eine Lade machen aus Akazienholz, zweieinhalb Ellen lang, eineinhalb Ellen breit und eineinhalb Ellen hoch. 11Und du sollst sie mit reinem Gold überziehn, von innen und von außen sollst du sie überziehn, und sollst daran einen goldenen Kranz anbringen ringsum. 12Und du sollst für sie vier goldene Ringe gießen und sie setzen an ihre vier Füße, zwei Ringe auf der einen Seite und zwei Ringe auf der andern Seite. 13Und du sollst Stangen anfertigen aus Akazienholz und sie mit Gold überziehn. 14Und du sollst die Stangen in die Ringe bringen an den Seiten der Lade, die Lade an ihnen zu tragen. 15In den Ringen der Lade sollen die Stangen bleiben, sie sollen nicht daraus entfernt werden. 16In die Lade aber sollst du die Bezeugung legen, die ich dir geben werde. 17Sodann sollst du eine Kapporet machen aus reinem Gold, zweieinhalb Ellen lang und eineinhalb Ellen breit. 18Und du sollst zwei Kerubim aus Gold anfertigen, in getriebener Arbeit sollst du sie anfertigen, an den beiden Enden der Kapporet. 19Und mache einen Kerub an dem Ende hüben und einen Kerub an dem Ende drüben; aus der Kapporet sollt ihr die Kerubim arbeiten an ihren beiden Seiten. 20Und die Kerubim sollen die Flügel oben ausbreiten, so daß sie oberhalb der Kapporet mit ihren Flügeln verstellen, und ihre Gesichter sollen einander zugewandt sein, gegen die Kapporet sollen die Gesichter der Kerubim gerichtet sein. 21Und du sollst die Kapporet oben auf die Lade stellen, und in die Lade sollst du die Bezeugung legen, die ich dir geben werde. 22Und dort will ich mich dir einstellen, und ich werde mit dir reden von über der Kapporet, zwischen den beiden Kerubim hervor, die über der Lade der Bezeugung sind, alles, was ich dir auftragen werde für die Kinder Jisraël. 23Dann sollst du einen Tisch machen aus Akazienholz, zwei Ellen lang, eine Elle breit und eineinhalb Ellen hoch. 24Und du sollst ihn überziehn mit reinem Gold und ihm einen goldenen Kranz anfertigen ringsum. 25Dann sollst du ihm eine handbreite Leiste anfertigen ringsum, und einen goldenen Kranz anfertigen an seiner Leiste ringsum. 26Und du sollst für ihn vier goldene Ringe anfertigen und die Ringe setzen an die vier Ecken seiner vier Füße. 27Dicht an der Leiste sollen die Ringe sein, als Behälter für die Stangen, um den Tisch zu tragen, 28und du sollst die Stangen machen aus Akazienholz und sie mit Gold überziehn; und an ihnen soll der Tisch getragen werden. 29Und du sollst seine Schüsseln anfertigen und seine Schalen, seine Tassen und seine Becher, mit denen dargegossen wird; aus reinem Gold sollst du sie anfertigen. 30Und du sollst auf den Tisch Vorlegebrot legen, beständig vor meinem Angesicht. 31Und du sollst einen Leuchter anfertigen aus reinem Gold; in getriebener Arbeit soll der Leuchter gemacht werden, sein Fuß und sein Schaft, seine Kelche, seine Knäufe und Blumen sollen aus ihm sein. 32Und sechs Röhren sollen von seinen Seiten ausgehn, drei Röhren des Leuchters von der einen Seite und drei Röhren des Leuchters von der andern Seite. 33Drei mandelförmige Kelche an der einen Röhre: Knauf und Blume, und drei mandelförmige Kelche an der andern Seite: Knauf und Blume; so an den sechs Röhren, die von dem Leuchter ausgehn. 34Und an dem Leuchter (selbst) vier mandelförmige Kelche, ihre Knäufe und Blumen. 35Und ein Knauf unter den beiden Röhren, aus ihm, und wieder ein Knauf unter den beiden Röhren, aus ihm, und noch ein Knauf unter den beiden Röhren, aus ihm, an den sechs Röhren, die von dem Leuchter ausgehn. 36Und ihre Knäufe und ihre Röhrchen sollen aus ihm gearbeitet sein, das Ganze aus einem Stück getrieben, von reinem Gold. 37Und du sollst seine sieben Lampen anfertigen, und man soll seine Lampen aufstecken, daß er nach der Seite seiner Richtung leuchte. 38Auch seine Scheren und Pfännchen sollen aus reinem Gold sein. 39Aus einer Scheibe reinen Goldes soll man ihn verfertigen, samt allen diesen Geräten. 40Und schaue und fertige sie an in ihrer Bauform, die dir auf dem Berg gezeigt wird.
Matthew Henry - Complete Commentary 1 We may suppose that when Moses went into the midst of the cloud, and abode there so long, where the holy angels attended the
shechinah, or divine Majesty, he saw and heard very glorious things relating to the upper world, but they were things which it was not lawful nor possible to utter; and therefore, in the records he kept of the transactions there, he says nothing to satisfy the curiosity of those who would intrude into the things which they have not seen, but writes that only which he was to speak to the children of Israel. For the scripture is designed to direct us in our duty, not to fill our heads with speculations, nor to please our fancies.
In these verses God tells Moses his intention in general, that the children of Israel should build him a sanctuary, for he designed to
dwell among them (
Exod 25:8); and some think that, though there were altars and groves used for religious worship before this, yet there never was any house, or temple, built for sacred uses in any nation before this tabernacle was erected by Moses, and that all the temples which were afterwards so much celebrated among the heathen took rise from this and pattern by it. God had chosen the people of Israel to be a peculiar people to himself (above all people), among whom divine revelation, and a religion according to it, should be lodged and established: he himself would be their King. As their King, he had already given them laws for the government of themselves, and their dealings one with another, with some general rules for religious worship, according to the light of reason and the law of nature, in the ten commandments and the following comments upon them. But this was not thought sufficient to distinguish them from other nations, or to answer to the extent of that covenant which God would make with them to be
their God; and therefore,
I. He orders a royal palace to be set up among them for himself, here called
a sanctuary, or
holy place, or
habitation, of which it is said (
Jer 17:12),
A glorious high throne from the beginning is the place of our sanctuary. This sanctuary is to be considered,
1. As ceremonial, consonant to the to the other institutions of that dispensation, which consisted in carnal ordinances (
Hebre 9:10); hence it is called a
worldly sanctuary, Hebre 9:1. God in it kept his court, as Israel's King. (1.) There he manifested his presence among them, and it was intended for a sign or token of his presence, that, while they had that in the midst of them, they might never again ask,
Is the Lord among us or not? And, because in the wilderness they dwelt in tents, even this royal palace was ordered to be a tabernacle too, that it might move with them, and might be an instance of the condescension of the divine favour. (2.) There he ordered his subjects to attend him with their homage and tribute. Thither they must come to consult his oracles, thither they must bring their sacrifices, and there all Israel must meet, to pay their joint respects to the God of Israel.
2. As typical; the holy places made with hands were the
figures of the true, Hebre 9:24. The gospel church is the true
tabernacle, which the Lord hath pitched, and not man, Hebre 8:2. The body of Christ, in and by which he made atonement, was the
greater and more perfect tabernacle, Hebre 9:11.
The Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, as in a tabernacle.
II. When Moses was to erect this palace, it was requisite that he should first be instructed where he must have the materials, and where he must have the model; for he could neither contrive it by his own ingenuity nor build it at his own charge; he is therefore directed here concerning both.
1. The people must furnish him with the materials, not by a tax imposed upon them, but by a voluntary contribution. This is the first thing concerning which orders are here given.
(1.)
Speak unto the children of Israel that they bring me an offering; and there was all the reason in the world that they should, for (
Exod 25:1), [1.] It was God himself that had not only enlarged them, but enriched them with the spoils of the Egyptians. He had instructed them to borrow, and he had inclined the Egyptians to lend, so that from him they had their wealth, and therefore it was fit they should devote it to him and use it for him, and thus make a grateful acknowledgement of the favours they had received. Note,
First, The best use we can make of our worldly wealth is to honour God with it in works of piety and charity.
Secondly, When we have been blessed with some remarkable success in our affairs, and have had, as we say, a good turn, it may be justly expected that we should do something more than ordinary for the glory of God, consecrating our gain, in some reasonable proportion of it, to the Lord of the whole earth,
Mic 4:13. [2.] The sanctuary that was to be built was intended for their benefit and comfort, and therefore they must be at the expense of it. They had been unworthy of the privilege if they had grudged at the charge. They might well afford to offer liberally for the honour of God, while they lived at free quarters, having food for themselves and their families rained upon them daily from heaven. We also must own that we have our all from God's bounty, and therefore ought to use all for his glory. Since we live upon him, we must live to him.
(2.) This offering must be given willingly, and with the heart, that is, [1.] It was not prescribed to them what or how much they must give, but it was left to their generosity, that they might show their good-will to the house of God and the offices thereof, and might do it with a holy emulation, the zeal of a few
provoking many, 2Cor 9:2. We should ask, not only, What must we do? but, What may we do for God? [2.] Whatever they gave, they must give it cheerfully, not grudgingly and with reluctance, for
God loves a cheerful giver, 2Cor 9:7. What is laid out in the service of God we must reckon well bestowed.
(3.) The particulars are here mentioned which they must offer (
Exod 25:3-
Exod 25:7), all of them things that there would be occasion for in the tabernacle, or the service of it. Some observe that here was gold, silver, and brass, provided, but no iron; that is the military metal, and this was to be a house of peace. Every thing that was provided was very rich and fine, and the best of the sort; for God, who is the best, should have the best.
2. God himself would furnish him with the model:
According to all that I show thee, Exod 25:9. God showed him an exact plan of it, in miniature, which he must conform to in all points. Thus Ezekiel saw in vision the form of the house and the fashion thereof,
Ezek 43:11. Note, Whatsoever is done in God's service must be done by his direction, and not otherwise. Yet God did not only show him the model, but gave him also particular directions how to frame the tabernacle according to that model, in all the parts of it, which he goes over distinctly in this and the following chapters. When Moses, in the beginning of Genesis, was to describe the creation of the world, though it is such a stately and curious fabric and made up of such a variety and vast number of particulars, yet he gave a very short and general account of it, and nothing compared with what the wisdom of this world would have desired and expected from one that wrote by divine revelation; but, when he comes to describe the tabernacle, he does it with the greatest niceness and accuracy imaginable. He that gave us no account of the lines and circles of the globe, the diameter of the earth, or the height and magnitude of the stars, has told us particularly the measure of every board and curtain of the tabernacle; for God's church and instituted religion are more precious to him and more considerable than all the rest of the world. And the scriptures were written, not to describe to us the works of nature, a general view of which is sufficient to lead us to the knowledge and service of the Creator, but to acquaint us with the methods of grace, and those things which are purely matters of divine revelation. The blessedness of the future state is more fully represented under the notion of a new Jerusalem than under the notion of new heavens and a new earth.
10 The first thing which is here ordered to be made is the ark with its appurtenances, the furniture of the most holy place, and the special token of God's presence, for which the tabernacle was erected to be the receptacle.
I. The ark itself was a chest, or coffer, in which the two tables of the law, written with the finger of God, were to be honourably deposited, and carefully kept. The dimensions of it are exactly ordered; if the Jewish cubit was, as some learned men compute, three inches longer than our half-yard (twenty-one inches in all), this chest or cabinet was about fifty-two inches long, thirty-one broad, and thirty-one deep. It was overlaid within and without with thin plates of gold. It had a crown, or cornice, of gold, round it, with rings and staves to carry it with; and in it he must put the testimony,
Exod 25:10-
Exod 25:16. The tables of the law are called the
testimony because God did in them testify his will: his giving them that law was in token of his favour to them; and their acceptance of it was in token of their subjection and obedience to him. This law was a testimony to them, to direct them in their duty, and would be a testimony against them if they transgressed. The ark is called the
ark of the testimony (
Exod 30:6), and the tabernacle
the tabernacle of the testimony (
Num 10:11) or witness,
Acts 7:44. The gospel of Christ is also called a testimony or witness,
Matt 24:14. It is observable, 1. That the tables of the law were carefully preserved in the ark for the purpose, to teach us to make much of the word of God, and to hide it in our hearts, in our innermost thoughts, as the ark was placed in the holy of holies. It intimates likewise the care which divine Providence ever did, and ever will, take to preserve the records of divine revelation in the church, so that even in the latter days there shall be seen in his temple the
ark of his testament. See
Revel 11:19. 2. That this ark was the chief token of God's presence, which teaches us that the first and great evidence and assurance of God's favour is the putting of his law in the heart. God dwells where that rules,
Hebre 8:10. 3. That provision was made for the carrying of this ark about with them in all their removals, which intimates to us that, wherever we go, we should take our religion along with us, always bearing about with us the love of the Lord Jesus, and his law.
II. The mercy-seat was the covering of the ark or chest, made of solid gold, exactly to fit the dimensions of the ark,
Exod 25:17,
Exod 25:21. This
propitiatory covering, as it might well be translated, was a type of Christ, the great propitiation, whose satisfaction fully answers the demands of the law, covers our transgressions, and comes between us and the curse we deserve. Thus he is the
end of the law for righteousness. III. The cherubim of gold were fixed to the mercy-seat, and of a piece with it, and spread their wings over it,
Exod 25:18. It is supposed that these cherubim were designed to represent the holy angels, who always attended the
shechinah, or divine Majesty, particularly at the giving of the law; not by any effigies of an angel, but some emblem of the angelical nature, probably some one of those four faces spoken of,
Ezek 1:10. Whatever the faces were, they looked one towards another, and both downward towards the ark, while their wings were stretched out so as to touch one another. The apostle calls them
cherubim of glory shadowing the mercy-seat, Hebre 9:5. It denotes their attendance upon the Redeemer, to whom they were ministering spirits, their readiness to do his will, their special presence in the assemblies of saints (
Pss 68:17;
1Cor 11:10), and their desire to look into the mysteries of the gospel which they diligently contemplate,
1Pet 1:12. God is said to dwell, or sit,
between the cherubim, on the mercy-seat (
Pss 80:1), and thence he here promises, for the future, to meet with Moses, and to
commune with him, Exod 25:22. There he would give law, and there he would give audience, as a prince on his throne; and thus he manifests himself willing to be reconciled to us, and keep up communion with us, in and by the mediation of Christ. In allusion to this mercy-seat, we are said to come boldly to
the throne of grace (
Hebre 4:16); for we
are not under the law, which is covered,
but under grace, which is displayed; its wings are stretched out, and we are invited to come under the shadow of them,
Ruth 2:12.
23 Here is, 1. A table ordered to be made of wood overlaid with gold, which was to stand, not in the holy of holies (nothing was in that but the ark with its appurtenances), but in the outer part of the tabernacle, called the
sanctuary, or
holy place, Hebre 9:2,
Hebre 9:23, etc. There must also be the usual furniture of the sideboard, dishes and spoons, etc., and all
of gold, Exod 25:29. 2. This table was to be always spread, and furnished with the show-bread (
Exod 25:30), or
bread of faces, twelve loaves, one for each tribe, set in two rows, six in a row; see the law concerning them,
Lev 24:5, etc. The tabernacle being God's house, in which he was pleased to say that he would dwell among them, he would show that he kept a good house. In the royal palace it was fit that there should be a royal table. Some make the twelve loaves to represent the twelve tribes, set before God as his people and
the corn of his floor, as they are called,
Isa 21:10. As the ark signified God's being present with them, so the twelve loaves signified their being presented to God. This bread was designed to be, (1.) A thankful acknowledgement of God's goodness to them, in giving them their daily bread, manna in the wilderness, where he prepared a table for them, and, in Canaan, the corn of the land. Hereby they owned their dependence upon Providence, not only for the corn in the field, which they gave thanks for in offering the sheaf of first-fruits, but for the bread in their houses, that, when it was brought home, God did not
blow upon it, Hag 1:9. Christ has taught us to pray every day for the bread of the day. (2.) A token of their communion with God. This bread on God's table being made of the same corn with the bread on their own tables, God and Israel did, as it were, eat together, as a pledge of friendship and fellowship; he supped with them, and they with him. (3.) A type of the spiritual provision which is made in the church, by the gospel of Christ, for all that are made priests to our God.
In our Father's house there is bread enough and to spare, a loaf for every tribe. All that attend in God's house shall be abundantly satisfied with the goodness of it,
Pss 36:8. Divine consolations are the continual feast of holy souls, notwithstanding there are those to whom
the table of the Lord, and the
meat thereof (because it is plain bread), are
contemptible, Mal 1:12. Christ has a table in his kingdom, at which all his saints shall for every eat and drink with him,
Luke 22:30.
31 I. The next thing ordered to be made for the furnishing of God's palace was a rich stately candlestick, all of pure gold, not hollow, but solid. The particular directions here given concerning it show, 1. That it was very magnificent, and a great ornament to the place; it had many branches drawn from the main shaft, which had not only their bowls (to put the oil and the kindled wick in) for necessity, but knops and flowers for ornament. 2. That it was very convenient, and admirably contrived both to scatter the light and to keep the tabernacle clean from smoke and snuffs. 3. That it was very significant. The tabernacle had no windows by which to let in the light of the day, all its light was candle-light, which intimates the comparative darkness of that dispensation, while the Sun or righteousness had not as yet risen, nor had the day-star from on high yet visited his church. Yet God left not himself without witness, nor them without instruction; the commandment was a lamp, and the law a light, and the prophets were branches from that lamp, which gave light in their several ages to the Old Testament church. The church is still dark, as the tabernacle was, in comparison with what it will be in heaven; but the word of God is the candlestick,
a light shining in a dark place (
2Pet 1:19), and a dark place indeed the world would be without it. The Spirit of God, in his various gifts and graces, is compared to the
seven lamps which
burn before the throne, Revel 4:5. The churches are golden candlesticks, the lights of the world,
holding forth the word of life as the candlestick does the light,
Phili 2:15,
Phili 2:16. Ministers are to light the lamps, and snuff them (
Exod 25:37), by opening the scriptures. The treasure of this light is now put into
earthen vessels, 2Cor 4:6,
2Cor 4:7. The branches of the candlestick spread every way, to denote the diffusing of the light of the gospel into all parts by the Christian ministry,
Matt 5:14,
Matt 5:15. There is a
diversity of gifts, but the same Spirit gives to each to profit withal.
II. There is in the midst of these instructions an express caution given to Moses, to take heed of varying from his model:
Make them after the pattern shown thee, Exod 25:40. Nothing was left to his own invention, or the fancy of the workmen, or the people's humour; but the will of God must be religiously observed in every particular. Thus, 1. All God's providences are exactly according to his counsels, and the copy never varies from the original. Infinite Wisdom never changes its measures; whatever is purposed shall undoubtedly be performed. 2. All his ordinances must be administered according to his institutions. Christ's instruction to his disciples (
Matt 28:20) is similar to this:
Observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you.
