1ER redete zu Mosche, sprechend: 2Rede zu den Söhnen Jissraels, sprich zu ihnen: Begegnungsgezeiten bei IHM, die ihr ausrufen sollt, Ausrufungen der Heiligung, dies sind meine Gezeiten: 3Ein Tagsechst werde Arbeit gemacht, aber am siebenten Tag ist Feier, Feiern, Ausrufen der Heiligung, allerart Arbeit sollt ihr nicht machen, Feier ists IHM in all euren Siedlungen. 4Dies sind die Begegnungsgezeiten bei IHM, Ausrufungen der Heiligung, die ihr ausrufen sollt zu ihrer Gezeit: 5In der ersten Mondneuung, am Vierzehnten auf die Neuung, zwischen den Abendstunden Übersprungsmahl IHM. 6Und am fünfzehnten Tag auf diese Neuung Festreihn der Fladen IHM. Ein Tagsiebent sollt ihr Fladen essen. 7Am ersten Tag sei euch Ausrufen der Heiligung, allerart Dienstarbeit sollt ihr nicht machen. 8Darnahen sollt ihr Feuerspende IHM ein Tagsiebent. Am siebenten Tag Ausrufen der Heiligung, allerart Dienstarbeit sollt ihr nicht machen. 9ER redete zu Mosche, sprechend: 10Rede zu den Söhnen Jissraels, sprich zu ihnen: Wenn ihr kamt in das Land, das ich euch gebe, und schneidet seinen Schnitt, bringt die Garbe des Anfangs eures Schnitts zum Priester. 11Er schwinge das Garbenopfer vor IHM euch zu Begnadung, am Nachmorgen der Feierung schwinge es der Priester. 12Am Tag, da ihr das Garbenopfer schwingt, macht ein heiles Lamm, einen Jährling, zu Darhöhung IHM, 13seine Hinleite: zwei Zehntteile Feinmehls, mit Öl verrührt, Feuerspende IHM, Ruch des Geruhens, sein Guß: Weins ein Viertelkrug. 14Brot, Korngeröst, Frischgraupen sollt ihr bis zu ebendem Tag nicht essen, bis ihr die Nahung eures Gottes gebracht habt, Weltzeit-Satzung für eure Geschlechter in all euren Siedlungen. 15Zählet euch vom Nachmorgen der Feierung, vom Tag, da ihr brachtet die Garbe des Schwungs, sieben vollrunde Feiern sollen es sein. 16Bis zum Nachmorgen des siebenten Feierrunds sollt ihr zählen, fünfzig Tage, dann sollt ihr neue Hinleite darnahen IHM. 17Aus euren Siedlungen bringet Brot des Schwungs, zwei, von zwei Zehntteilen, aus Feinmehl seien sie, gesäuert sollen sie gebacken werden, Erstlinge IHM. 18Darnahen sollt ihr neben dem Brot ein Siebent heiler Lämmer: Jährlinge, einen Farren: Jungstier, und zwei Widder, sie seien Darhöhung IHM, dazu ihre Hinleiten und ihre Güsse, Feuerspende, Ruch des Geruhens IHM. 19Einen Ziegenbock sollt ihr zu Entsündung machen und zwei Lämmer, Jährlinge, zu Friedmahlschlachtung. 20Der Priester schwinge sie samt dem Brot der Erstlinge einen Schwung vor IHM, dieses samt den beiden Lämmern, Darheiligung seien sie IHM, für den Priester. Ausrufet an ebendem Tag, 21Ausrufen der Heiligung sei es euch, Weltzeit-Satzung für eure Geschlechter in all euren Siedlungen. 22Und wann ihr den Schnitt eures Landes schneidet, vollende nicht den Rand deines Feldes bei deinem Schneiden und die Lese deines Schnitts lese nicht, dem Armen und dem Gastenden lasse es. ICH bin euer Gott. 23ER redete zu Mosche, sprechend: 24Rede zu den Söhnen Jissraels, sprechend: In der siebenten Mondneuung, am Ersten auf die Neuung sei euch ein Feiern, Gedächtnisschmettern, Ausrufen der Heiligung, 25allerart Dienstarbeit sollt ihr nicht tun, darnahet Feuerspende IHM. 26ER redete zu Mosche, sprechend: 27Jedoch am Zehnten auf diese siebente Neuung, das ist der Tag der Bedeckungen, Ausrufen der Heiligung sei euch, beuget eure Seelen, darnahet Feuerspende IHM. 28Allerart Arbeit sollt ihr an ebendem Tage nicht machen, denn ein Tag der Bedeckungen ists, über euch zu bedecken vor SEINEM eures Gottes Angesicht. 29Ja, alle Seele, die sich nicht beugt an ebendem Tag, gerodet wird sie aus ihren Volksleuten, 30und alle Seele, die allerart Arbeit an ebendem Tage macht, wegschwende ich jene Seele aus dem Innern ihres Volkes. 31Allerart Arbeit sollt ihr nicht machen, Weltzeit-Satzung für eure Geschlechter in all euren Siedlungen. 32Feier, Feiern ists euch, beuget eure Seelen! Am Neunten auf die Mondneuung, am Abend, von Abend zu Abend feiert eure Feier! 33ER redete zu Mosche, sprechend: 34Rede zu den Söhnen Jissraels, sprechend: Am fünfzehnten Tag auf diese siebente Neuung ist Festreihn der Hütten ein Tagsiebent IHM. 35Am ersten Tag Ausrufen der Heiligung, allerart Dienstarbeit sollt ihr nicht tun. 36Ein Tagsiebent darnahet Feuerspende IHM. Am achten Tag sei euch Ausrufen der Heiligung darnahet Feuerspende IHM, Einbehaltung ists, allerart Dienstarbeit sollt ihr nicht machen. 37Dieses sind SEINE Gezeiten, die ihr ausrufen sollt als Ausrufungen der Heiligung, darzunahen Feuerspende IHM, Darhöhung und Hinleite, Schlachtmahl und Güsse, das Tagwerk an seinem Tag. 38Außer SEINEN Wochenfeiern und außer euren Gaben und außer all euren Gelübden und außer all euren Willigungen, die ihr geben werdet IHM. 39Jedoch am fünfzehnten Tag auf die siebente Neuung, wann ihr den Ertrag des Landes heimset, sollt ihr SEINEN Festreihn reihen ein Tagsiebent. Am ersten Tag ist Feiern und am achten Tag ist Feiern. 40Nehmet euch am ersten Tag Frucht vom Prangenden Baum, Palmenfächer, Laub vom Dichtblättrigen Baum, Bachweiden, und freuet euch vor IHM eurem Gott ein Tagsiebent. 41Begeht es als Festreihgang IHM ein Tagsiebent im Jahr, Weltzeit-Satzung für eure Geschlechter. In der siebenten Neuung begeht es. 42In den Zelthütten siedelt ein Tagsiebent, jeder Sproß in Jissrael, sie sollen in den Hütten siedeln, 43damit eure Geschlechter wissen, daß in den Hütten ich die Söhne Jissraels siedeln ließ, als ich sie führte aus dem Land Ägypten, ICH, euer Gott. 44Mosche redete SEINE Gezeiten den Söhnen Jissraels zu.
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 2 OF SUNDRY FEASTS. (
Lev 23:1-
Lev 23:4)
Speak unto the children of Israel, . . . concerning the feasts of the Lord--literally, "the times of assembling, or solemnities" (
Isa 33:20); and this is a preferable rendering, applicable to all sacred seasons mentioned in this chapter, even the day of atonement, which was observed as a fast. They were appointed by the direct authority of God and announced by a public proclamation, which is called "the joyful sound" (
Ps 89:15). Those "holy convocations" were evidences of divine wisdom, and eminently subservient to the maintenance and diffusion of religious knowledge and piety.
3 Six days shall work be done: but the seventh day is the sabbath of rest--(See on
Exod 20:8). The Sabbath has the precedence given to it, and it was to be "a holy convocation," observed by families "in their dwellings"; where practicable, by the people repairing to the door of the tabernacle; at later periods, by meeting in the schools of the prophets, and in synagogues.
4 These are the feasts of the Lord, which ye shall proclaim in their seasons--Their observance took place in the parts of the year corresponding to our March, May, and September. Divine wisdom was manifested in fixing them at those periods; in winter, when the days were short and the roads broken up, a long journey was impracticable; while in summer the harvest and vintage gave busy employment in the fields. Besides, another reason for the choice of those seasons probably was to counteract the influence of Egyptian associations and habits. And God appointed more sacred festivals for the Israelites in the month of September than the people of Egypt had in honor of their idols. These institutions, however, were for the most part prospective, the observance being not binding on the Israelites during their wanderings in the wilderness, while the regular celebration was not to commence till their settlement in Canaan.
5 THE PASSOVER. (
Lev 23:5-
Lev 23:8)
the Lord's passover--(See
Exod 12:2,
Exod 12:14,
Exod 12:18). The institution of the passover was intended to be a perpetual memorial of the circumstances attending the redemption of the Israelites, while it had a typical reference to a greater redemption to be effected for God's spiritual people. On the first and last days of this feast, the people were forbidden to work [
Lev 23:7-
Lev 23:8]; but while on the Sabbath they were not to do any work, on feast days they were permitted to dress meat--and hence the prohibition is restricted to "no servile work." At the same time, those two days were devoted to "holy convocation"--special seasons of social devotion. In addition to the ordinary sacrifices of every day, there were to be "offerings by fire" on the altar (see
Num 28:19), while unleavened bread was to be eaten in families all the seven days (see
1Cor 5:8).
10 THE SHEAF OF FIRST FRUITS. (
Lev 23:9-
Lev 23:14)
ye shall bring a sheaf of the first-fruits of your harvest unto the priest--A sheaf, literally, an omer, of the first-fruits of the barley harvest. The barley being sooner ripe than the other grains, the reaping of it formed the commencement of the general harvest season. The offering described in this passage was made on the sixteenth of the first month, the day following the first Passover Sabbath, which was on the fifteenth (corresponding to the beginning of our April); but it was reaped after sunset on the previous evening by persons deputed to go with sickles and obtain samples from different fields. These, being laid together in a sheaf or loose bundle, were brought to the court of the temple, where the grain was winnowed, parched, and bruised in a mortar. Then, after some incense had been sprinkled on it, the priest waved the sheaf aloft before the Lord towards the four different points of the compass, took a part of it and threw it into the fire of the altar--all the rest being reserved to himself. It was a proper and beautiful act, expressive of dependence on the God of nature and providence--common among all people, but more especially becoming the Israelites, who owed their land itself as well as all it produced to the divine bounty. The offering of the wave-sheaf sanctified the whole harvest (
Rom 11:16). At the same time, this feast had a typical character, and pre-intimated the resurrection of Christ (
1Cor 15:20), who rose from the dead on the very day the first-fruits were offered.
15 FEAST OF PENTECOST. (
Lev 23:15-
Lev 23:22)
ye shall count unto you from the morrow after the sabbath--that is, after the first day of the passover week, which was observed as a Sabbath.
16 number fifty days--The forty-ninth day after the presentation of the first-fruits, or the fiftieth, including it, was the feast of Pentecost. (See also
Exod 23:16;
Deut 16:9).
17 Ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave loaves of two tenth deals, &c.--These loaves were made of "fine" or wheaten flour, the quantity contained in them being somewhat more than ten pounds in weight. As the wave-sheaf gave the signal for the commencement, the two loaves solemnized the termination of the harvest season. They were the first-fruits of that season, being offered unto the Lord by the priest in name of the whole nation. (See
Exod 34:22). The loaves used at the Passover were unleavened; those presented at Pentecost were leavened--a difference which is thus accounted for, that the one was a memorial of the bread hastily prepared at their departure, while the other was a tribute of gratitude to God for their daily food, which was leavened.
21 ye shall proclaim on the selfsame day, that it may be an holy convocation unto you: ye shall do no servile work therein--Though it extended over a week, the first day only was held as a Sabbath, both for the national offering of first-fruits and a memorial of the giving of the law.
22 thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field when thou reapest, &c.--(See on
Lev 19:9). The repetition of this law here probably arose from the priests reminding the people, at the presentation of the first-fruits, to unite piety to God with charity to the poor.
24 FEAST OF TRUMPETS. (
Lev 23:23-
Lev 23:25)
In the seventh month, in the first day of the month, shall ye have a sabbath--That was the first day of the ancient civil year.
a memorial of blowing of trumpets--Jewish writers say that the trumpets were sounded thirty successive times, and the reason for the institution was for the double purpose of announcing the commencement of the new year, which was (
Lev 23:25) to be religiously observed (see
Num 29:3), and of preparing the people for the approaching solemn feast.
27 there shall be a day of atonement . . . and ye shall afflict your souls--an unusual festival, at which the sins of the whole year were expiated. (See
Lev 16:29-
Lev 16:34). It is here only stated that the severest penalty was incurred by the violation of this day.
34 the feast of tabernacles, for seven days unto the Lord--This festival, which was instituted in grateful commemoration of the Israelites having securely dwelt in booths or tabernacles in the wilderness, was the third of the three great annual festivals, and, like the other two, it lasted a week. It began on the fifteenth day of the month, corresponding to the end of our September and beginning of October, which was observed as a Sabbath; and it could be celebrated only at the place of the sanctuary, offerings being made on the altar every day of its continuance. The Jews were commanded during the whole period of the festival to dwell in booths, which were erected on the flat roofs of houses, in the streets or fields; and the trees made use of are by some stated to be the citron, the palm, the myrtle, and the willow, while others maintain the people were allowed to take any trees they could obtain that were distinguished for verdure and fragrance. While the solid branches were reserved for the construction of the booths, the lighter branches were carried by men, who marched in triumphal procession, singing psalms and crying "Hosanna!" which signifies, "Save, we beseech thee!" (
Ps 118:15,
Ps 118:25-
Ps 118:26). It was a season of great rejoicing. But the ceremony of drawing water from the pool, which was done on the last day, seems to have been the introduction of a later period (
John 7:37). That last day was the eighth, and, on account of the scene at Siloam, was called "the great day of the feast." The feast of ingathering, when the vintage was over, was celebrated also on that day [
Exod 23:16;
Exod 34:22], and, as the conclusion of one of the great festivals, it was kept as a sabbath.
