1Blížil se svátek nekvašených chlebů, který se nazývá Pascha, to jest velikonoce. 2Velekněží a učitelé Zákona hledali způsob, jak by ho odstranili, báli se však lidu. 3Tu Satan vstoupil do Judy, nazývaného Iškariotský, který byl z počtu Dvanácti. 4Odešel a promluvil s velekněžími a veliteli chrámové stráže, jak by jim ho vydal. 5Oni se zaradovali a dohodli se, že mu dají peníze. 6Juda souhlasil a hledal vhodnou příležitost, aby jim ho vydal někde stranou od zástupu. 7Přišel den nekvašených chlebů, ve kterém měl být obětován velikonoční beránek. 8Ježíš poslal Petra a Jana a řekl: „Jděte a připravte nám beránka, abychom pojedli.“ 9Oni mu řekli: „Kde chceš, abychom jej připravili?“ 10Řekl jim: „Hle, až vejdete do města, potká vás člověk, který ponese džbán vody. Jděte za ním do domu, do něhož vejde, 11a hospodáři toho domu řekněte: ‚Učitel ti praví: Kde je místnost, kde bych pojedl se svými učedníky velikonočního beránka? ‘ 12A on vám ukáže velkou horní místnost, již prostřenou; tam jej připravte.“ 13Odešli a nalezli vše, jak jim řekl, a připravili velikonočního beránka. 14Když nastala ta hodina, zaujal místo u stolu a apoštolové s ním. 15Řekl jim: „Toužebně jsem si přál jíst s vámi tohoto beránka, dříve než budu trpět. 16Neboť vám pravím, že ho již nebudu jíst, dokud nedojde naplnění v Božím království. “ 17A vzal kalich, vzdal díky a řekl: „Vezměte to a rozdělte mezi sebe. 18Neboť vám pravím, že od této chvíle již nebudu pít z plodu vinné révy, dokud nepřijde Boží království.“ 19Pak vzal chléb, vzdal díky, rozlomil a dal jim se slovy: „Toto je mé tělo, které se za vás dává. To čiňte na mou památku.“ 20A právě tak vzal po večeři kalich a řekl: „Tento kalich je nová smlouva v mé krvi, která se za vás vylévá. 21Avšak hle, ruka toho, který mne zrazuje, je se mnou na stole. 22Syn člověka jde, jak je určeno, ale běda tomu člověku, který ho zrazuje.“ 23A oni se začali mezi sebou dohadovat, který z nich je ten, kdo to učiní. 24Vznikl mezi nimi také spor, kdo z nich je asi největší. 25On jim řekl: „Králové národů panují nad nimi a ti, kteří nad nimi mají pravomoc, jsou nazýváni dobrodinci. 26Avšak ne tak vy; kdo je mezi vámi největší, buď jako ten nejmenší, a kdo je vedoucí, buď jako ten, který slouží. 27Neboť kdo je větší: ten, který je u stolu, či ten, kdo obsluhuje? Zdali ne ten, který je u stolu? Já však jsem mezi vámi jako ten, který slouží. 28A vy jste ti, kdo se mnou v mých zkouškách vytrvali. 29A já vám uděluji království, jako je můj Otec udělil mně, 30abyste jedli a pili u mého stolu v mém království; usednete na trůnech a budete soudit dvanáct kmenů Izraele.“ 31„Šimone, Šimone, hle, Satan si vás vyžádal, aby vás vytříbil jako pšenici. 32Já jsem však poprosil za tebe, aby nezanikla tvá víra. A ty, až se jednou obrátíš, posilni své bratry.“ 33On mu řekl: „Pane, s tebou jsem hotov jít i do vězení a na smrt.“ 34Ježíš řekl: „Pravím ti, Petře, že dnes nezakokrhá kohout, dokud třikrát nezapřeš, že mne znáš.“ 35A řekl jim: „Když jsem vás poslal bez měšce, mošny a sandálů, měli jste v něčem nedostatek?“ Oni řekli: „V ničem.“ 36Řekl jim: „Ale nyní, kdo má měšec, vezmi jej, stejně tak i mošnu, a kdo nemá, prodej svůj plášť a kup meč. 37Neboť vám říkám, že se na mně musí naplnit to, co je napsáno: ‚A byl započten mezi bezzákonné.‘ Neboť to, co se mne týká, spěje ke konci.“ 38Oni řekli: „Pane, hle, zde jsou dva meče.“ On jim řekl: „To stačí.“ 39A když vyšel, vydal se podle svého zvyku na Olivovou horu; šli za ním i učedníci. 40Když byl na místě, řekl jim: „Modlete se, abyste nevešli do pokušení. “ 41Sám se od nich vzdálil, co by kamenem dohodil, poklekl na kolena a modlil se: 42„Otče, chceš-li, přenes tento kalich ode mne, avšak ne má vůle, nýbrž tvá se staň.“ 43Ukázal se mu anděl z nebe a posiloval ho. 44Ocitnuv se ve vnitřním zápase, usilovněji se modlil; jeho pot začal být jako kapky krve, které kanuly na zem. 45A když vstal od modlitby, přišel k učedníkům a nalezl je, jak zármutkem spí. 46Řekl jim: „Proč spíte? Vstaňte a modlete se, abyste nevešli do pokušení. “ 47Když ještě mluvil, hle, přicházel zástup, a ten, který se jmenoval Juda, jeden ze Dvanácti, šel před nimi a přiblížil se k Ježíšovi, aby ho políbil. 48Ježíš mu řekl: „Judo, polibkem zrazuješ Syna člověka?“ 49Když ti okolo něho uviděli, co se děje, řekli: „Pane, máme udeřit mečem?“ 50A jeden z nich udeřil veleknězova otroka a uťal mu pravé ucho. 51Ježíš však odpověděl: „Nechte toho!“ A dotkl se jeho ucha a uzdravil jej. 52Ježíš řekl těm, kteří na něho přišli, velekněžím, velitelům chrámové stráže a starším: „Jako na lupiče jste vyšli s meči a holemi? 53Když jsem byl den co den s vámi v chrámě, nevztáhli jste na mne ruce. Ale toto je vaše hodina a vláda temnoty.“ 54Zmocnili se ho a odvedli do veleknězova domu. Petr je zpovzdálí následoval. 55Když uprostřed nádvoří zapálili oheň a posadili se spolu, seděl Petr mezi nimi. 56A spatřila ho jedna služka, jak sedí obrácen ke světlu, pozorně na něho pohlédla a řekla: „Také tenhle byl s ním.“ 57On ho však zapřel: „Neznám ho, ženo.“ 58A krátce nato ho uviděl jiný a řekl: „Ty jsi také z nich.“ Ale Petr řekl: „Člověče, nejsem!“ 59A když uplynula asi jedna hodina, začal někdo jiný tvrdit: „Opravdu, i tenhle byl s ním, vždyť je také Galilejec.“ 60Petr řekl: „Člověče, nevím, co povídáš.“ A hned, ještě když mluvil, zakokrhal kohout. 61Pán se obrátil a pohlédl na Petra. A Petr se rozpomenul na Pánův výrok, jak mu řekl: „Dřív než dnes kohout zakokrhá, třikrát mne zapřeš.“ 62I vyšel ven a hořce se rozplakal. 63Muži, kteří Ježíše hlídali, se mu posmívali a bili ho. 64Zahalili mu tvář a ptali se ho: „Prorokuj, kdo tě udeřil?“ 65A mnoho jiného mluvili proti němu, urážejíce ho. 66A když nastal den, shromáždilo se staršovstvo lidu, velekněží a učitelé Zákona, odvedli ho před svou veleradu 67a říkali: „Řekni nám, jsi-li ty Kristus.“ Řekl jim: „Řeknu-li vám to, zajisté neuvěříte. 68Zeptám-li se, zajisté mi neodpovíte. 69Od této chvíle však bude ‚Syn člověka sedět na pravici Moci Boží‘. “ 70Všichni řekli: „Ty tedy jsi Syn Boží?“ On jim řekl: „Vy říkáte, že Já jsem.“ 71Oni řekli: „Nač ještě potřebujeme svědectví? Vždyť jsme to sami slyšeli z jeho úst.“
Jamieson Fausset Brown Bible Commentary 1 CONSPIRACY OF THE JEWISH AUTHORITIES TO PUT JESUS TO DEATH--COMPACT WITH JUDAS. (
Luke 22:1-
Luke 22:6)
(See on
Matt 26:1-
Matt 26:5.)
3 Then entered Satan, &c.--but not yet in the full sense. The awful stages of it were these: (1) Covetousness being his master--passion, the Lord let it reveal itself and gather strength by entrusting him with "the bag" (
John 12:6), as treasurer to Himself and the Twelve. (2) In the discharge of that most sacred trust he became "a thief," appropriating its contents from time to time to his own use. Satan, seeing this door into his heart standing wide open, determines to enter by it, but cautiously (
2Cor 2:11); first merely "putting it into his heart to betray Him" (
John 13:2), suggesting the thought to him that by this means he might enrich himself. (3) This thought was probably converted into a settled purpose by what took place in Simon's house at Bethany. (See
Matt 26:6, and see on
John 12:4-
John 12:8.) (4) Starting back, perhaps, or mercifully held back, for some time, the determination to carry it into immediate effect was not consummated till, sitting at the paschal supper, "Satan entered into him" (see on
John 13:27), and conscience, effectually stifled, only rose again to be his tormentor. What lessons in all this for every one (
Eph 4:27;
Jas 4:7;
1Pet 5:8-9)!
5 money--"thirty pieces of silver" (
Matt 26:15); thirty shekels, the fine payable for man- or maid-servant accidentally killed (
Exod 21:32), and equal to between four and five pounds of our money--"a goodly price that I was priced at of them" (
Zech 11:13). (See on
John 19:16.)
6 in the absence, &c.--(See
Matt 26:5).
7 LAST PASSOVER--INSTITUTION OF THE SUPPER--DISCOURSE AT THE TABLE. (Luke 22:7-38)
the day of unleavened bread--strictly the fifteenth Nisan (part of our March and April) after the paschal lamb was killed; but here, the fourteenth (Thursday). Into the difficult questions raised on this we cannot here enter.
10 when ye are entered the city--He Himself probably stayed at Bethany during the day.
there shall a man, &c.--(See on
Luke 19:29-
Luke 19:32).
14 the hour--about six P.M. Between three and this hour the lamb was killed (
Exod 12:6, Margin)
15 With desire . . . desired--"earnestly have I longed" (as
Gen 31:30, "sore longedst"). Why? It was to be His last "before He suffered"--and so became "Christ our Passover sacrificed for us" (
1Cor 5:7), when it was "fulfilled in the Kingdom of God," the typical ordinance thenceforth disappearing.
17 took the cup--the first of several partaken of in this service.
divide it among, &c.--that is, It is to be your last as well as Mine, "until the Kingdom of God come," or as it is beautifully given in
Matt 26:29, "until that day when I shall drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom." It was the point of transition between two economies and their two great festivals, the one about to close for ever, the other immediately to open and run its majestic career until from earth it be transferred to heaven.
21 (See on
John 13:21, &c.).
24 there was--or "had been," referring probably to some symptoms of the former strife which had reappeared, perhaps on seeing the whole paschal arrangements committed to two of the Twelve. (See on
Mark 10:42-
Mark 10:45.)
25 benefactors--a title which the vanity of princes eagerly coveted.
26 But ye . . . not--Of how little avail has this condemnation of "lordship" and vain titles been against the vanity of Christian ecclesiastics?
28 continued, &c.--affecting evidence of Christ's tender susceptibility to human sympathy and support! (See on
John 6:66-
John 6:67; see
John 16:32.)
29 I appoint, &c.--Who is this that dispenses kingdoms, nay, the Kingdom of kingdoms, within an hour or two of His apprehension, and less than a day of His shameful death? These sublime contrasts, however, perpetually meet and entrance us in this matchless history.
30 eat and drink, &c.--(See
Luke 22:16 and see on
Luke 18:28, &c.).
31 Simon, Simon--(See on
Luke 10:41).
desired to have--rather, "hath obtained you," properly "asked and obtained"; alluding to Job (
Job 1:6-
Job 1:12;
Job 2:1-
Job 2:6), whom he solicited and obtained that he might sift him as wheat, insinuating as "the accuser of the brethren" (
Rev 12:10), that he would find chaff enough in his religion, if indeed there was any wheat at all.
you--not Peter only, but them all.
32 But I have prayed--have been doing it already.
for thee--as most in danger. (See on
Luke 22:61-
Luke 22:62.)
fail not--that is, entirely; for partially it did fail.
converted--brought back afresh as a penitent disciple.
strengthen, &c.--that is, make use of thy bitter experience for the fortifying of thy tempted brethren.
33 I am ready, &c.--honest-hearted, warmly-attached disciple, thinking thy present feelings immovable as a rock, thou shalt find them in the hour of temptation unstable as water: "I have been praying for thee," therefore thy faith shall not perish; but thinking this superfluous, thou shalt find that "he that trusteth in his own heart is a fool" (
Pro 28:26).
34 cock . . . crow--"twice" (
Mark 14:30).
35 But now--that you are going forth not as before on a temporary mission, provided for without purse or scrip, but into scenes of continued and severe trial, your methods must be different; for purse and scrip will now be needed for support, and the usual means of defense.
37 the things concerning me--decreed and written.
have an end--are rapidly drawing to a close.
38 two swords . . . enough--they thinking He referred to present defense, while His answer showed He meant something else.
39 AGONY IN THE GARDEN. (
Luke 22:39-
Luke 22:46)
as . . . wont--(See
John 18:2).
40 the place--the Garden of Gethsemane, on the west or city side of the mount. Comparing all the accounts of this mysterious scene, the facts appear to be these: (1) He bade nine of the Twelve remain "here" while He went and prayed "yonder." (2) He "took the other three, Peter, James, and John, and began to be sore amazed [appalled], sorrowful, and very heavy [oppressed], and said, My soul is exceeding sorrowful even unto death"--"I feel as if nature would sink under this load, as if life were ebbing out, and death coming before its time"--"tarry ye here, and watch with Me"; not, "Witness for Me," but, "Bear Me company." It did Him good, it seems, to have them beside Him. (3) But soon even they were too much for Him: He must be alone. "He was withdrawn from them about a stone's-cast"--though near enough for them to be competent witnesses and kneeled down, uttering that most affecting prayer (
Mark 14:36), that if possible "the cup," of His approaching death, "might pass from Him, but if not, His Father's will be done": implying that in itself it was so purely revolting that only its being the Father's will would induce Him to taste it, but that in that view of it He was perfectly prepared to drink it. It is no struggle between a reluctant and a compliant will, but between two views of one event--an abstract and a relative view of it, in the one of which it was revolting, in the other welcome. By signifying how it felt in the one view, He shows His beautiful oneness with ourselves in nature and feeling; by expressing how He regarded it in the other light, He reveals His absolute obediential subjection to His Father. (4) On this, having a momentary relief, for it came upon Him, we imagine, by surges, He returns to the three, and finding them sleeping, He addresses them affectingly, particularly Peter, as in
Mark 14:37-
Mark 14:38. He then (5) goes back, not now to kneel, but fell on His face on the ground, saying the same words, but with this turn, "If this cup may not pass," &c. (
Matt 26:42) --that is, 'Yes, I understand this mysterious silence (
Ps 22:1-
Ps 22:6); it may not pass; I am to drink it, and I will'--"Thy will be done!" (6) Again, for a moment relieved, He returns and finds them "sleeping for sorrow," warns them as before, but puts a loving construction upon it, separating between the "willing spirit" and the "weak flesh." (7) Once more, returning to His solitary spot, the surges rise higher, beat more tempestuously, and seem ready to overwhelm Him. To fortify Him for this, "there appeared an angel unto Him from heaven strengthening Him"--not to minister light or comfort (He was to have none of that, and they were not needed nor fitted to convey it), but purely to sustain and brace up sinking nature for a yet hotter and fiercer struggle. And now, He is "in an agony, and prays more earnestly"--even Christ's prayer, it seems, admitted of and now demanded such increase--"and His sweat was as it were great drops [literally, 'clots'] of blood falling down to the ground." What was this? Not His proper sacrificial offering, though essential to it. It was just the internal struggle, apparently hushing itself before, but now swelling up again, convulsing His whole inner man, and this so affecting His animal nature that the sweat oozed out from every pore in thick drops of blood, falling to the ground. It was just shuddering nature and indomitable will struggling together. But again the cry, If it must be, Thy will be done, issues from His lips, and all is over. "The bitterness of death is past." He has anticipated and rehearsed His final conflict, and won the victory--now on the theater of an invincible will, as then on the arena of the Cross. "I will suffer," is the grand result of Gethsemane: "It is finished" is the shout that bursts from the Cross. The Will without the Deed had been all in vain; but His work was consummated when He carried the now manifested Will into the palpable Deed, "by the which WILL we are sanctified THROUGH THE OFFERING OF THE BODY OF JESUS CHRIST ONCE FOR ALL" (
Heb 10:10). (8) At the close of the whole scene, finding them still sleeping (worn out with continued sorrow and racking anxiety), He bids them, with an irony of deep emotion, "sleep on now and take their rest, the hour is come, the Son of man is betrayed into the hands of sinners, rise, let us be going, the traitor is at hand." And while He spoke, Judas approached with his armed band. Thus they proved "miserable comforters," broken reeds; and thus in His whole work He was alone, and "of the people there was none with Him."
61 JESUS BEFORE CAIAPHAS--FALL OF PETER. (
Luke 22:55-
Luke 22:62)
And the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter--(Also see on
Mark 14:72.)
62 And Peter went out, and wept bitterly--(Also see on
Mark 14:72.)
